Ganowa da lura da ciwon sukari: yadda za a bincika wata cuta?

A yau, kashi 7% na yawan mutanen duniya suna fama da wannan nau'in ciwon sukari. Shugabannin da ke yawan masu ciwon sukari su ne Indiya, China da Amurka. Koyaya, Rasha ba ta yi nisa ba, ta ɗauki matsayi na huɗu (miliyan 9.6) bayan waɗannan ƙasashe.

Kasancewa da cuta mai rashin ƙarfi, ciwon sukari a farkon matakin na iya wuce kusan asymptomatically. Tare da ci gaban ilimin halittu, alamun farko sun fara bayyana. Koyaya, juya zuwa likita bazai dace ba, saboda ciwon sukari ya riga ya shafi gabobin da yawa kuma ya haifar da rikice-rikice.

Don guje wa irin wannan sakamakon, kuna buƙatar saka idanu kan siginar jikinku a hankali. Menene alamun kuma yadda ake gano ciwon sukari - batun damuwa ne ga mutane da yawa.

Menene ciwon sukari?

Tunda cutar ta bazu cikin sauri, kuma mutane da yawa suna mutuwa daga rikice-rikice, ana kiranta "annoba" na ƙarni na 21. Ciwon sukari mellitus (DM) ko "cuta mai daɗi", kamar yadda suke faɗi, cuta ce ta autoimmune. A halin yanzu, akwai nau'in cutar, kamar nau'in 1 da nau'in 2, kazalika da ciwon sukari na gestational. Dukansu suna da abu ɗaya a hade - high glucose ko hyperglycemia.

Ciwon sukari na 1 nau'ikan cuta ne wanda ake samar da insulin. Sakamakon rikicewar tsarin rigakafi, yana farawa da mummunar cutar da ƙwayoyin beta na islet apparatus, waɗanda ke da alhakin samar da hormone mai rage sukari. Sakamakon haka, glucose baya shiga cikin sel na hankali kuma a hankali ya fara tarawa cikin jini. Mafi sau da yawa, cutar tana haɓaka da ƙuruciya, saboda haka ana kiranta da yara. Wani muhimmin sashi don maganin cutar shine maganin insulin.

Nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na yanayin shine yanayin inda samarwar insulin din ba ya tsayawa, amma saurin lalacewar kwayoyin halitta zuwa canje-canjen hormone. Babban dalilan ci gaban T2DM ana ɗaukarsu kiba da ƙwayoyin jini. Idan ba za a iya yin komai game da ƙaddarar jinin ɗan adam ba, to dole ne a ƙara yin fam. Wannan cuta tana shafar ƙarni na manya daga shekaru 40-45. A cikin matakan farko na haɓakar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, zaku iya yi ba tare da magungunan hypoglycemic ba, lura da tsarin abinci da yin motsa jiki. Amma bayan lokaci, cutar ta amare, kuma an rage samarda insulin, wanda ke bukatar amfani da magunguna.

Cutar sankarar mahaifa tana faruwa a cikin mata yayin daukar ciki. Dalilin karuwar glucose a lokacin gestation shine mahaifa. Yana samar da kwayoyin halittun da ke hana insulin aiki. A sakamakon haka, raguwar isasshen ƙwayar glucose na jini baya faruwa. Wannan ilimin sankarau kusan kullum yakan wuce bayan haihuwa. Koyaya, tare da magani mara kyau, ana iya shiga cikin nau'in ciwon sukari na 2.

Cutar ta yau da kullun a cikin cututtukan mellitus na haifar da karuwar lipids a cikin sel, canji a cikin abubuwan da ke tattare da electrolytes a cikin jini, bushewar jiki, raguwa a cikin ma'aunin acid-base na jini, maye tare da jikin ketone, sakin glucose tare da fitsari, da lalata lalacewar tasoshin jini.

Tare da tsawaita lokacin aiki na metabolism, tafiyar matakai na pathogenic suna faruwa a cikin sassan jikin mutane da yawa, alal misali, a cikin kodan, hanta, zuciya, ƙwallon ƙafa, da ƙari.

Yaushe zan buƙaci ganin likita?

Hoto na asibiti game da ciwon sukari yana da faɗi sosai. Lokacin da mutum ya dame shi da wasu alamu waɗanda zasu iya zama cutarwa ga “rashin lafiya mai laushi”, ganowarsa ya kamata nan da nan.

Don haka, yadda za a gane nau'in 1 ko ciwon sukari na 2? Babban alamun cutar shine yawan urination da ƙishirwa marasa sani. Irin waɗannan hanyoyin suna faruwa ne saboda damuwa akan ƙodan. Godiya ga wannan sashin jiki, jiki yana cire dukkan gubobi da abubuwa masu cutarwa.

Don cire sukari mai yawa, kodan suna buƙatar ruwa mai yawa, saboda haka sun fara ɗaukar shi daga kyallen takarda. Kuma tun da mutumin da bai san game da cutar ba tukuna yana da babban matakin glycemic, dole ne a cire glucose akai-akai. Irin wannan mummunan yanayin yana tsokani bayyanar waɗannan alamun biyu.

Amma akwai wasu alamomin alamu na ƙarancin cututtukan siga waɗanda kuma suna buƙatar magance shi:

1. Rashin wahala, farin ciki da gajiya. Wadannan bayyanar cututtuka suna da alaƙa da aikin kwakwalwa. Sakamakon rushewar glucose, ana fitar da gubobi - jikin ketone. Lokacin da hankalinsu ya yawaita, zasu fara cutar da kwakwalwa sosai. Bugu da kari, saboda karancin glucose, wanda ake kira da “tushen makamashi”, sel na fama da matsananciyar yunwa, don haka mutum ya yi saurin gajiya.
2. Doduwa da kayan aiki na gani. Tun lokacin farin ciki na ganuwar jijiyoyin jiki yakan faru a cikin ciwon sukari, yana kwance damuwa na jini al'ada. Retina yana da hanyar sadarwar jijiyoyinsu, kuma tare da canje-canje na pathogenic sai ya zama kamar wuta Sakamakon haka, hoto a gaban idanunsa ya zama mara nauyi, lahani iri-iri suna bayyana. Tare da ci gaban aiwatar da tsari, ci gaban cututtukan cututtukan ciwon sukari yana yiwuwa.
3. Ingwanƙwasawa da ƙarancin ƙananan hanyoyin. Kamar dai yadda batun yanayin gani yake, ana danganta shi da zaga jini. Tunda kafafu wuri ne mai nisa, suna shan wahala sosai. Tare da ba da izinin kulawa ga likita, rikice-rikice masu yawa suna yiwuwa: necrosis nama, gangrene, ƙafa mai ciwon sukari har ma da mutuwa.
4. Sauran bayyanar cututtuka sune bakin bushewa, hauhawar jini, saurin asara mai nauyi, yawan yunwa, matsalolin jima'i, rashin daidaituwa, fitsarin fata da itching, tsawaita warkar da raunuka da kumburi.

Bayan bincika likita, mai haƙuri, wanda aƙalla ɗaya daga cikin alamun cutar aka gano, an aika shi don bincika ciwon sukari.

Gwajin sukarin jini

Don hanzarta gano ciwon sukari, ƙwararren likita yakan jagoranci mai haƙuri zuwa ga gwajin jini.

Don yin wannan, yi amfani da na'ura don auna glucose - glucose ko kuma abubuwan gwaji.

Ya kamata a lura cewa har ma ga mutanen da ke da ƙoshin lafiya, WHO ta ba da shawarar yin nazari kan haɗuwar glucose a cikin jini aƙalla sau ɗaya a kowane watanni shida.

Gaskiya ne gaskiya ga mutanen da ke cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cuta, wanda ya haɗa da:

• kasancewar dangi da cutar iri daya;
• kiba;
• nau'in shekaru sama da 40;
• anamnesis na jijiyoyin bugun jini;
• matan da suka haifi yaro wanda nauyinsu ya wuce kilo 4.1, da sauransu.

Awanni 24 kafin yin nazarin jini, mai haƙuri ya kamata ya shirya wa binciken. Kada ya cika kansa da aiki mai yawa, haka kuma yin almubazzaranci. Tunda yawanci ana yin binciken ne akan komai a ciki, bai kamata ku ɗauki abinci ko sha ba (shayi, kofi). Bugu da kari, mai haƙuri dole ne ya tuna cewa irin waɗannan abubuwan suna tasiri a cikin matakan glucose: damuwa, ciki, na kullum da cututtuka, gajiya (alal misali, bayan jujjuyawar dare). Saboda haka, lokacin da ɗayan abubuwan da ke sama suka bayyana, mai haƙuri zai jinkirta jarrabawar na ɗan lokaci.

Bayan isar da kayan halitta zuwa ga komai a ciki, ana yin gwaje gwaje. Sakamakon zai iya nuna yawan sukari na yau da kullun idan yana cikin kewayon daga 3.5 zuwa 5.5 mmol / l, yanayin ciwon suga yana daga 5.6 zuwa 6.1 mmol / l, kuma ciwon sukari ya fi 6.1 mmol / l Ya kamata a lura cewa wasu lokuta ana yin binciken ne bayan cin abinci. Sannan darajar glucose a cikin mutum mai lafiya kada ta wuce 11.2 mmol / L.

Bayyanar cututtuka na nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 ya haɗa da gwajin nauyi ko, kamar yadda kuma ake kira shi, gwajin haƙuri glucose. Ana aiwatar da shi a matakai biyu. Da farko, mara lafiya yana ɗaukar jinin mara ɓaci, bayan haka sun ba shi gilashin ruwan zaki (300 ml na ruwa g 100 na sukari). Sannan, tsawon awanni biyu, ana ɗaukar jini daga yatsa kowane rabin sa'a. Sakamakon binciken ya bambanta sosai dangane da yanayin jikin mutum.

Ka'idoji don komai a ciki shine daga 3.5 zuwa 5.5 mmol / L, bayan shan wani ruwa mai sukari da ke ƙasa da 7.8 mmol / L.

Cutar sukari a kan komai a ciki daga 5.6 zuwa 6.1 mmol / L, bayan shan ruwan da sukari bai wuce 7.8 zuwa 11.0 mmol / L ba.

Mellitus na ciwon sukari a kan komai a ciki daga 6.1 mmol / L, bayan shan ruwa mai yawa tare da sukari fiye da 11,0 mmol / L.

Sauran hanyoyin bincike

Bayyanar cutar kansa da kuma ƙwayar cuta mai narkewa yana taimaka wajan yanke hukunci cikin sauri, kodayake, wannan ba hanya kaɗai ba ce. Mafi daidaitaccen gwaji shine gwajin haemoglobin da aka yiwa glycosylated. A lokaci guda, babban koma-bayansa shine tsawon lokacin binciken - har zuwa watanni uku.

Ba kamar samfuran jini na al'ada ba, wanda aka tabbatar da cutar ne kawai bayan gwaje-gwaje da yawa, gwajin gwajin jini na glycosylated daidai yana taimaka wajan gano ciwon sukari.

Bugu da kari, binciken cutar ya hada da yawan fitsari a kullum. A yadda aka saba, sukari a cikin fitsari ba ya cikin ko kuma bai wuce ƙimar 0.02% ba. Hakanan ana yin maganin ciki don maganin acetone. Kasancewar irin wannan abu yana nuna tsawan lokaci na ciwon suga da kuma kasancewar rikitarwa.

Bayan ƙaddara cututtukan hyperglycemia, likita ya kamata gano nau'in cutar. Bayyanar cututtukan cututtukan sukari nau'in 1 da 2 ana yin su saboda godiya ga bincike akan C-peptides. Abubuwan ƙididdiga na yau da kullun suna da 'yanci daga jinsi ko shekaru da kewayon daga 0.9 zuwa 7.1 ng / ml. Bugu da kari, bincike kan C-peptides na taimaka wa masu ciwon sukari nau'in 1 su lissafta daidai gwargwadon allurar insulin.

Irin waɗannan matakan bincike suna ba da tabbacin ingantaccen ciwon sukari da kuma tsananin ƙarfinsa.

Bayyanar cutar sankara ta yara

Ainihin, cutar sankarau a cikin yara ana gano tana da shekaru 5 zuwa 12. Gunaguni na yaro ya cika daidai da alamun manya.

A lokuta da dama, ciwon sukari na tasowa a jarirai. Bayyanar cututtuka na nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari a cikin irin waɗannan jarirai da farko ya haɗa da saka idanu a kansu. Fyaɗewar farji yana faruwa ne a cikin jarirai, ɓarna ta sauka, fitsari ya zama m, kumburi ya bayyana akan fatar.

Don haka abubuwan da ke haifar da ciwon sukari a cikin yara na iya zama ba kawai rage cin abinci mara daidaituwa ba da farkon shan giya, amma har ma abubuwan da suka shafi tunanin mutum da na yara.

Wadannan dalilai sune:

1. Emotionara yawan jin daɗi.
2. Saukar nauyi.
3. Canjin ciki.

A ka’ida, gano cutar sankarau a cikin yara kusan babu bambanci da ganewar asali a cikin manya. Sau da yawa kwararrun masana suna zargin "rashin lafiya mai laushi" kan yi wa yaro wasika don gwajin jini. Matakan sukari sun bambanta da manya. Don haka, a cikin yara 'yan shekaru 2, ka'idodin ya kasance ne daga 2.8 zuwa 4.4 mmol / l, daga shekaru 2 zuwa 6 - daga 3.3 zuwa 5.0 mmol / l, a cikin samartaka, alamu sun dace da manya - daga 3 , 3 to 5.5 mmol / L.

Tare da karuwa a cikin alamun, ana gano cutar sukari a cikin yara. Idan sakamakon binciken ya tashi daga 5.6 zuwa 6.0 mmol / l, sannan likita ya kara da cewa yin gwajin haɓakar glucose. Bayan sa'o'i biyu na shan ruwa mai daɗi, mai nuna kusan 7 mmol / L ana ɗauka matsayin al'ada. Lokacin da dabi'un suka kasance daga 7.0 zuwa 11.0 mmol / L, wannan shine ciwon suga; fiye da 11,0 mmol / L, ciwon sukari a cikin yara.

Bayan wuce wasu jerin karatuttukan, kwararrun likita na iya tabbatarwa ko musanta cutarwar da ake zargin. Don ƙayyade cutar, wane nau'in a cikin yara, kamar yadda koyaushe, ana gudanar da bincike na C-peptides.

Bayyanar cututtuka da lura da ciwon sukari a cikin yara da manya sun haɗa da shan magani ko insulin farji, riƙe da daidaitaccen abinci, saka idanu akai-akai game da glycemia da wasanni.

Domin a fara gano cutar sankarar fata, iyaye, musamman inna, suna buƙatar duba yaran sosai.

Idan an lura da alamun manyan cututtukan sukari, to kuna buƙatar tuntuɓi likita da wuri-wuri kuma ku tuna cewa ba za ku iya yin ba tare da bincike ba ta kowace hanya. Sanin yadda ake gane cutar sankara, za ku iya kare kanku da ƙaunatattunku daga rikice-rikice da yawa.

A cikin bidiyon a cikin wannan labarin, an ci gaba da batun hanyoyin gano cutar sankara.