Tsarin Endocrine da mahimmanci a jikin mutum

Ya ku masu karatu, ku yafe mana, amma don gamsar da su cewa tsarin endocrine na mutum muhimmin aiki ne a rayuwa, da tabbatar da aiki gaba dayan kwayoyin halitta, zamu koma ga misalai wadanda zasu sanya gabatarwar da dan lokaci, amma masu bada labari ne sosai.

Don haka - lambar sihirin ta goma sha biyu ce.

A cikin tarihin 'yan adam, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. Ka yi tunani kawai: 12 almajiransa suka bi Kristi; godiya ga amfanin sa guda 12, Hercules ya zama sananne; Alloli 12 sun zauna a Olympus; a cikin Buddha, mutum ya yi matakai 12 na haihuwarsa.

Waɗannan misalai suna da alaƙa da abubuwan da suka faru da abubuwan da ba za a iya haɗa su da lamba goma sha biyu ba. Kuma akwai irin waɗannan misalai da yawa. Ya isa a tuna da adabi da sinima.

Saboda haka, ba wani daidaituwa ba ne cewa hankalin duniya, ƙirƙirar mutum, "ya yi umarni" saboda haka yana da daidaitattun nau'ikan abubuwa guda biyu da tsarin aiki waɗanda ke da alhakin rayuwar ɗan adam.

Babban bayani da ayyukan tsari

Tsarin endocrin wani hadadden hadaddun tsari ne wanda ke daidaitawa tare da taimakon kwayoyin halittar jiki na aiki na jikin mutum. Hormones da aka kirkira ta sel na musamman suna shiga cikin jini ta kai tsaye ko ta hanyar rarrabuwa, kewaya ta sararin samaniya, kuma suka shiga cikin sel kusa.

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, za a iya kwatanta injin endocrine tare da sashen dabaru na kamfanin, wanda ke daidaitawa, daidaitawa da kuma tabbatar da ma'amala tsakanin sassan da hidiman, karanta gabobin ɗan adam.

Ci gaba da ra'ayin ayyukan sarrafa kayan aikin endocrine, ana kuma iya kwatanta shi da wani autopilot, saboda shi, kamar wannan na'urar jirgin sama, yana samar da ci gaba da daidaita yanayin jiki zuwa canza yanayin muhalli. Yana cikin "saduwa" mafi kusanci ko, daidai,, hulɗa ta kusa da tsarin rigakafi.

Wani nau'in tsarin nazarin halittu na jikin mutum shine ƙayyadaddun tsarin motsa jiki, tare da taimakon abin da ake gudanar da abubuwa na rayuwa a cikin jiki.

Hormones da ke ɓoye ta gabobin jiki, kyallen takarda da ƙwayoyin jikinsu suna aiki a cikin ƙayyadaddun ƙaddamar da ƙwayoyin jikin mutum. Rarraba su na faruwa ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai na ruwa (lat. Humor - fluid), kamar su lymph, jini, ruwa mai, nama.

Takaita abubuwan da ke sama, yana yiwuwa a bambance (daki daki) manufar aikin tsarin:

1. Tana cikin halayen aiwatar da sunadarai, ta haka ne daidaita ayyukan daidaituwar gaba daya.
2. A cikin canza yanayin muhalli (yanayin rayuwa), ana kula da homeostasis, wato, mamayar tsarin mulkin mafi kyau ga jiki - tuna autopilot.
3. A cikin hulɗa ta kusa da tsarin rigakafi da juyayi, yana ƙarfafa ci gaban mutum na al'ada: haɓaka, haɓaka jima'i, ayyukan haifuwa, tsarawa, kiyayewa da sake rarraba ƙarfi.
4. A cikin hulɗa kai tsaye tare da tsarin juyayi, yana da hannu wajen samar da aikin psychophysical da tausayawa.

Abubuwan da ke cikin mahaɗa

Lokacin da aka “ba da” nauyi da yawa ga tsarin endocrine, wata tambaya mai dacewa ta bayyana: waye kuma ta yaya ake aiwatar da su?

Abun da ke tattare da wannan hadadden tsarin ya ƙunshi gland da sel:

1. Endocrine. Wadannan gabobin sune ke haifar da kwayoyin halittar jini (pituitary, pineal, glandon adrenal, glandon thyroid).
2. Kwayoyin dake haifar da ƙwayoyin ciki. Suna yin aikin endocrine da sauran ayyuka. Waɗannan sun haɗa da hypothalamus, thymus, pancreas.
3. Kwayoyin guda ɗaya ko yada tsarin endocrine.

Ya kamata a sani cewa wani ɓangare na ayyukan endocrine an ɗauke shi ta hanta, hanji, baƙin ciki, ƙodan, da ciki.

Gefaririririr

Halin glandar thyroid, ko a cikin rayuwar yau da kullun, "glandar thyroid" ƙaramin ƙwayar cuta ce wacce ba ta wuce gram 20, wadda ke a cikin ƙananan wuyansa. An samo shi ne saboda yanayin jikin mutum - a gaban guringuntsi thyroid na maƙogwaro. Ya ƙunshi lobes biyu da ke tattare da istmus.

Halin glandar thyroid yana samar da sinadarai na iodine wadanda ke aiki a cikin metabolism kuma suna haɓaka haɓakar ƙwayoyin mutum.

Sauran abubuwan da aka samar da glandon thyroid - hormones na thyroid - suma suna cikin wannan aikin. Suna shafar ba kawai hanzarin tafiyar matakai na rayuwa ba, har ma yana karfafa motsa sel da kyallen da ke ciki.

Mahimmancin abubuwan da aka saki na thyroid wadanda suka shiga hanzarin jini yana da wahala a wuce su.

Ka tuna kwatancen tare da autopilot kuma? Don haka, wadannan mahadi “a atomatik” yanayin suna tabbatar da aiki na kwakwalwa gaba daya, tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyi, jijiyoyin mahaifa, ayyukan gabobin jiki da na kiwo, da kuma aikin jikin.

Thymus

Sashin thymus ko thymus yana a bayan sternum a sashinsa na sama.

An shirya shi a cikin bangarori biyu (lobes), haɗin haɗin gwiwa tare da nama mai kwance mai haɗuwa a cikin tsari.

Kamar yadda muka amince da farko, zamuyi magana yadda yakamata ga mai karatu.

Don haka - mun amsa tambaya: menene tirinif, kuma menene - menene? Lymphocytes, irin waɗannan sojoji jini sune masu kare jiki, shine a cikin glandar thymus cewa sun sami kaddarorin da ke taimaka musu yin tsayayya da ƙwayoyin da, saboda wasu yanayi, sun zama baƙon ga jikin ɗan adam.

Thymus shine ainihin tushen garkuwar jiki. Asara ko rage ayyukanta zai haifar da raguwa sosai cikin ayyukan kariya na jikin mutum. Ba shi ma daraja magana game da sakamakon.

Parathyroid gland

Hikimar mutane daidai ne: Allah ya halicci mutum, amma bai tanadar masa da kayan shakatawa ba. Yana da cututtukan cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwa na parathyroid waɗanda ke cikin gabobin ɗan adam wanda ba a maye gurbin su ba wanda ke tsara metabolism-phosphorus metabolism

Suna samar da hormone na parathyroid. Shine ke sarrafawa da daidaita abinda ke ciki na phosphorus da alli a cikin jini. Waɗannan, biyun, suna tasiri ingantaccen aiki na jijiyoyin jiki, juyayi da aikin ƙashi na jiki.

Cirewa ko lalatawar waɗannan gabobin saboda lalacewarsu shine ke haifar da raguwar masifa a cikin abun da ke cikin alli na ionized a cikin jini, wanda ke haifar da rashi da mutuwa.

A cikin lura da glandon parathyroid, magunguna na zamani koyaushe yana gabatar da aiki ɗaya mai wahala ga likitan likitancin endocrinologist - don adanawa da tabbatar da matsakaicin jinin sa.

Adrenal gland

Oh, wannan ilmin jikin mutum shine kodan, glandar adrenal. Ba shi yiwuwa a hada komai?

Sai dai itace cewa babu. Idan yanayi ya raba su, to ya zama tilas. Don bayyana shi nan da nan, mun lura cewa: kodan da glandar adrenal sune abubuwa biyu gabobi daban daban, waɗanda suke da dalilai daban-daban na aiki.

Glandan adrenal sune nau'ikan haɗin haɗin glandon endocrine. Kowane ɗayan suna a saman "ƙodansu" wanda ke kusa da ƙwanƙwashin babba.

Glandan adrenal suna yin ayyukan sarrafawa akan asalin yanayin hormonal, shiga ba wai kawai don samar da rigakafi ba, har ma a cikin wasu mahimman ayyukan da ke faruwa a cikin jiki.

Wadannan gabobin endocrine "suna haifar" da mahimman hormones guda huɗu ga mutum: cortisol, androgens, aldosterone da adrenaline, waɗanda ke da alhakin daidaituwar hormonal, rage damuwa, aikin zuciya da nauyi.

Pancreas

Abu na biyu mafi girma da ke narkewa wanda ke yin ayyukan gauraye na daban shi ake kira da pancreas.

Tunda ya tsinkaye daga kallon "mai fahimta" na mai karatu, ya kamata a lura cewa yana nan ba a karkashin ciki ba, wanda yake matukar wahala. Kuma idan baku san inda wannan "zirin" yake ba, wanda yake da duk halayen da ake buƙata, wutsiya da kuma halayen kai na wannan, to kuna cikin sa'a - yana nufin cewa kuna da ƙwayar fata.

Amma don kawar da rabewar ɗan adam, yana da kyau a fayyace inda yake:

• kai yana kusa da duodenum;
• jiki yana a bayan ciki;
• wutsiya kusa da baƙin ciki.

Ci gaba da tunani mai gushewa game da manufar duhun koda, ya dace a fayyace:

1. Aikin na waje, wanda muke tunawa, ana kiran shi exocrine, ya ƙunshi a cikin kashin ruwan lemonciko. Ya ƙunshi enzymes na narkewa, wanda, bi da bi, yana da amfani mai amfani ga tsarin narkewar abinci.
2. Kwayoyin ɓoyewar ciki (endocrine) suna samar da kwayoyin homoniya waɗanda ke yin ayyuka na tsari a cikin aikin haɓaka - insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, polypeptide na pancreatic.

Dabbobi

An tsara nau'ikan halittar don samar da aiki na uku:

• samarwa da sadarwa na sel kwayar cuta;
• hadi;
• abinci da kariya daga tayin a cikin mahaifiyar.

Lura da ingancin sassan jikin maza da mata, ya kamata a lura da mahimman abubuwa guda uku:

• gonads;
• jijiyoyin jini;
• copulative ko, a takaice dai, sassan gabobi.

Tunda labarin ya kasance game da tsarin endocrine, to da yake magana game da wannan bangaren da ake gabatarwa a cikin al'aurar, ya zama dole a lura da mahimmancin kwayoyin halittar maza da mata.

Androgens - kwayoyin halittar jima'i na kwayoyin halittar maza da estrogens - a zahiri, mace, suna da tasirin gaske kan ƙwayoyin cuta, haɓaka haɓaka gaba ɗayan kwayoyin halitta kuma suna da alhakin ƙirƙirar tsarin haifuwa kanta da haɓaka halayen jima'i na sakandare.

Androgens yana tabbatar da ingantaccen haɓakawa da aiki tare da al'amuran halittar jiki, jiki tare da halayen halayen maza, ginin tsoka, da haɓaka saututtukan murya mai ƙarancin rubutu.

Estrogens ta zama mace mai kyakkyawan mace, haɓakar gyada mai shayarwa, daidaita yanayin haila, kirkirar yanayi mai kyau don ɗaukar ciki.

Shawarwar ra'ayi ita ce cewa ana samar da kwayoyin halittar maza ne kawai a jikin namiji, ana kuma samar da hormones mace a jikin mace. A'a - aiki ne mai jituwa na dukkan jinsunan da ke cikin mutum, ba tare da la’akari da jinsi ba, hakan yana tabbatar da kyakkyawan yanayin aikin gaba ɗaya.

Kwayar glandar mahaifa

Matsakaicin aiki da mahimmancin glandar gwal a rayuwar ɗan adam yana da wuya a wuce gona da iri.

Ya isa kawai a ce yana samar da nau'ikan homonu 22 da aka haɗu a cikin adenohypophysis, gaban gabancin jini, waɗannan sune:

1. Somatotropic. Godiya gareshi, mutum yayi girma, samun gwargwado halayen da suka dace wanda ke jaddada jinsi.
2. Gonadotropic. Ta hanyar haɓaka homon na jima'i, yana haɓaka haɓakar gabobin maza.
3. Prolactin ko lactotropic. Yana inganta bayyanar da rabuwa da madara.
4. Saniturzicicic. Yana yin ayyuka masu mahimmanci a cikin aiwatar da hulɗa da kwayoyin hormones.
5. Adrenocorticotropic. Theara yawan ɓoyewa (ɓoye) na glucocorticoids - hormones steroid.
6. Abin pancreatic. Yana da tasiri mai amfani akan aikin ɓangaren ciki na ƙwayar cuta, wanda ke samar da insulin, lipocaine da glucagon.
7. Parathyrotropic. Yana kunna glandon parathyroid a yayin samarwa da alli a cikin jini.
8. Hormones na mai, carbohydrate da metabolism metabolism.

A cikin bayan ƙwayar ciki na huhu (neurohypophysis), nau'ikan homonu masu zuwa ana haɗuwa da su:

1. Antidiuretic ko vasopressin. Sakamakon tasirinsa, ƙuntataccen tasoshin jini yakan faru kuma rage kumburin ciki.
2. Oxytocin. Wannan abu, mai rikitarwa a cikin tsari, "yana daukar" sashi mai mahimmanci a cikin tsarin haihuwa da lactation, rage mahaifa da kara sautin tsoka.

Epiphysis

Pineal gland shine yake, ko kuma ana kiranta pineal gland shine yake magana da yadudduka hanyar endocrine. An gabatar dashi a cikin jiki shine sashe na karshe na kayan gani.

Wadanne kalmomi za a zabi don jaddada mahimmancin wannan sashin jiki kamar glandon gine shine?

Tabbas, muna buƙatar misalai masu gamsarwa:

• Rene Descartes ya yi imani da cewa Pineal gland shine mai kiyaye ruhin mutum;
• Schopenhauer - ya ɗauki glandar pineal a matsayin "eye mafarki";
• yogis nace wannan shine chakra na shida;
• masu ilimin kimiyyar 'yan iska suna shawo mana cewa mutumin da ya farka da wannan sashin jiki zai sami kyautar clairvoyance.

A cikin adalci, ya kamata a lura cewa masana kimiyya da yawa, wadanda suke lura da son abin duniya a cikin ci gaban bil'adama, suna bin ra'ayoyin juyin juya halin da suka ba da fifiko ga "ido na uku" ga juyin halitta.

Zan so musamman in jaddada rawar da glandon gland shine yake tattare da melatonin - irin wannan hodar tare da kwalliya mai yawa.

Yana tasiri sosai:

• Canjin launi;
• a kan lokutan yanayi da na yau da kullun;
• a kan ayyukan jima'i;
• kan hanyoyin tsufa, ragewa ko haɓaka su;
• kan samuwar hotunan gani;
• maye gurbin bacci da farkawa;
• don tsinkaye launi.

Tebur na hormonal a cikin babban tsari yana nuna tsarin tsarin endocrine:

Mashahurin fim fim:

Labarin Batsa

Da yake magana game da take hakki a cikin ayyukan aikin endocrine wanda ke da alaƙa da lalata ko rashin lafiya na kowane tsarin, misali ya zo daga suruka mai sarkakiya, wanda surukarta baza ta iya faranta mata rai ba. Komai yayi mata.

Guda ɗaya tare da tsarin endocrine - duka biyu tare da hauhawar jini (yawan hormones) da kuma hypofunction (rashin shi), gland malfunction, sakamakon wanda shine rashin daidaituwa ga duk jikin mutum. A wata kalma, a faɗi: kuma haka ne kuma ba daidai ba ne.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da rikicewar endocrine na iya zama daban:

1. Malfunctions na tsakiya juyayi tsarin: rauni rauni, matsananciyar damuwa, neurosis, kumburi tafiyar matakai.
2. Tumbin da ke shafar glandar endocrine.
3. Lalacewa ta gida ga wadatarwar jini: rauni, basur.
4. Kumburi saboda hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri.
5. Abubuwan Alimentary - matsalolin abinci mai gina jiki: karancin aidin, carbohydrates da suka wuce, da sauransu.
6. Dalilan yanayin gado.

Bayanin abubuwan da ke haifar da pathogenesis, ya kamata a lura cewa ƙaddamar da ƙaddamar da cuta don rikicewar endocrine na iya zama cin zarafin bin umarnin:

• primary glandular;
• baƙin ƙarfe;
• centrifugal.

A biyun, kowane nau'in rikice-rikice yana da yanayi na yanayin sa:

1. Matsalar glandular farko tashi a sakamakon gazawar biosynthesis (samarwa) na homon da ke fitowa daga glandon endocrine na yanki.
2. Rashin ƙwayar baƙin ƙarfe faruwa yayin da ake keta ma'amala tsakanin kwayoyin halittar tare da masu karɓa na musamman na sel da kyallen takarda, haka kuma saboda metabolism na kwayoyin.
3. Rashin ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta. Babban abin da ke haifar da faruwarsu shine lalacewar ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa: rauni, amai, da ƙari.

Dukkanin gabobi masu mahimmanci suna da alaƙa da sikirin endocrine waɗanda ke sarrafawa da daidaita duka yanayin rayuwar ɗan adam. Duk wani lalacewa ko rushewa a cikin wannan aiki da ke tattare da wannan tsarin yana haifar da lalacewar daukacin tsarin halitta, lalacewa tare da sakamakon da ba za a iya canzawa ba.