Glucose wani abu ne mai mahimmanci ga jiki, wanda shine tushen makamashi a gareshi. Don duk tsarin da gabobin suyi aiki gaba daya, matakin sukari na jini yakamata ya zama 3.3-5.5 mmol / lita.
Idan alamomin sun wuce gona da iri ko kuma a rage su, to wannan yana nuna ci gaban cututtukan endocrine.
Cututtukan tare da take hakkin metabolism (ciwon sukari, hypoglycemia) na iya faruwa ba na dogon lokaci ba. Saboda haka, galibi irin waɗannan cututtukan ana gano su a kan kari idan suna cikin sikeli.
Don hana faruwar sakamako mai lalacewa, yana da muhimmanci a gudanar da gwajin jini akai-akai.
Yaushe kuma wanene yake buƙatar bincika jini don sukari?
An rarrabe hanyoyin da yawa, don sanin abubuwan da ke haifar da bayyanar abin da ya wajaba don bayar da gudummawar jini don sukari. Irin waɗannan yanayi sun haɗa da gajiya, ƙishirwa mai yawa, yawan urination, da bushe bushe.
Hakanan, ana nuna gwajin sukari don mutane masu kiba da hauhawar jini. Har yanzu a cikin hadarin su ne waɗanda danginsu ke fama da matsala a cikin aikin metabolism.
A matsayinka na mai bincike mai zaman kanta, hanyar nunawa a cikin:
- a matsayin wani ɓangare na cikakken binciken;
- don tantance matsayin lafiyar marasa lafiyar da tuni suka kamu da cutar sankara;
- waƙa da kuzarin lura da wasu cututtuka;
- don tabbatar da cutar.
Dole ne a yi gwajin sukari na yau da kullun na jini ga duk masu ciwon sukari da waɗanda ke da cutar sikila. Bayan duk wannan, idan a lokaci-lokaci zakaga hawan jini, to, zaku iya hana ci gaban rikitarwa mai hatsari.
Mutanen da basa cikin haɗarin yakamata su sami cikakkiyar ƙidaya jini sau ɗaya a cikin shekaru 3, musamman bayan shekara arba'in.
A cikin mata masu juna biyu, ana yin gwajin jini don glucose sau ɗaya a wata.
Nau'in nazarin
Menene gwajin glucose na jini menene kuma ake kira da su? Akwai jagora guda 2 da karin karatu guda biyu. Wannan hanya ce ta dakin gwaje-gwaje, hanya ce ta bayyana, ta tantance matakin hawan jini da kuma samfurin tare da sukari “nauyin”.
Gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje na asibiti an ɗauke shi na gargajiya ne kuma abin dogara ne. A asibiti, mara lafiya yana ɗaukar jini daga yatsa don sukari. Amma wani lokacin ana iya shan jini mai ɓacin rai.
Ana yin gwajin jini kamar haka: kowane ɗan yatsa na hagu ana magani da shi tare da barasa kuma an yi huci akan ƙananan matashinsa. Ana amfani da jinin da ya bayyana a gilashin dakin binciken, sauran kuma ana tattara su a cikin flask na musamman tare da pipette. Sannan, akan manazarta na musamman, an bincika nazarin halittu.
Wani lokacin ana ɗaukar jini daga jijiya. A wannan halin, hanya don ɗaukar kayan tarihi yana kama da haka:
- An haɗa goshin mai haƙuri tare da yawon shakatawa;
- fata a kan ciki na lanƙwashin gwiwar hannu yana kulawa da giya;
- an soke wata jijiya tare da allura mara nauyi;
- an sanya jinin da ya bayyana a kan gilashi kuma an tattara shi a cikin bututun gwaji.
Rayuwar shiryayye na gwaje-gwaje na sama kwana 5 ne. Bincike ya ƙunshi kunshin nazarce-nazarce, sabili da haka, ba sa buƙatar matakan farko na musamman.
Amma idan za a gudanar da cikakken bincike, yana da muhimmanci a san abin da ya shafe shi da yadda ake shirya shi da kyau. Shawarwarin gabaɗaya sun faɗi gaskiyar cewa kafin jarrabawa, ciki ya zama fanko, don haka abincin da ya gabata ya kamata ya zama 8 sa'o'i kafin binciken.
Rashin hankalin mutum da damuwa na jiki, barasa da sigari kuma na iya shafar bincike. Hakanan, shirye-shiryen sun cire aiwatar da hanyoyin warkewa kafin gwajin (tausa, duban dan tayi, x-ray).
Hanyar bayyanar ta sami sunan ta saboda yawan saurin sakamako. Asalinsa ya ta'allaka ne da gwargwadon ma'aunin glucose a cikin jini ta amfani da glucometer.
Ana iya aiwatar da hanyar a ko'ina ba tare da shiri na musamman ba. Amma tare da matsala na na'ura, rashin amfani da jahilci ko ajiyar matakan tube, an lura da kuskure cikin sakamakon kusan 20%.
Menene sunan gwajin jini don sukari, yana nuna matsakaiciyar haɗuwa da glucose a cikin ragin jini a cikin watanni uku da suka gabata? Wannan gwaji ne na haemoglobin da ke ɗaukar kashi ɗari na haemoglobin da aka ɗaura zuwa kwayoyin glucose.
Idan akwai ƙididdigar yawan ƙwayar cuta a cikin ciwon sukari, ƙwayar Maillard tana da sauri. Wani binciken ya nuna irin tasirin magani ga cutar a cikin watanni 3 da suka gabata. Lokacin da aka gano glycated haemoglobin, ana ɗaukar jini da sukari daga yatsa a kowane lokaci, komai girman abincin.
Dole ne a yi gwajin jini don sukari tare da kaya sau biyu:
- a kan komai a ciki
- bayan awa biyu bayan shan maganin glucose (75 ml).
Idan masu haƙuri a kan hagu na binciken sun cika, ko kuma su sha wani abin sha, gami da ruwa, to amsoshin na iya zama tabbatacce ne na gaskiya. Binciken yana da inganci har zuwa watanni uku.
Tunda ciwon sukari yana tare da tarin matsaloli, ana yin ƙarin gwajin haƙuri na glucose don tabbatar da kamuwa da cutar. An yi haƙuri ga mai haƙuri sau hudu don sa'o'i biyu.
A karo na farko, ana yin samfuran tsire-tsire a kan sutra a kan komai a ciki. Bayan mutum ya sha maganin glucose, kuma bayan mintuna 60, 90 da 120, ana sake yin gwajin jini.
A lokaci guda, alamar sukari na jini ya canza: da farko, bayan cinye maganin glucose, yana ƙaruwa, sannan ya ragu.
Amsawa an ƙaddara a lokacin gwajin duka.
Sakamakon gwaji da kuma yawan sukari
Don fahimtar ko wani rikicewar endocrine ya faru a cikin jiki, kuna buƙatar sanin ƙimar sukari na al'ada. Dangane da ka'idodin magunguna, bayanai akan matakin glucose a cikin jinin da aka karɓa daga yatsa ko jijiya ya dogara da shekaru: har zuwa 1 watan - 2.8-4.4 mmol / l, har zuwa shekaru 14 - 3.3-5.5 mmol / l. A cikin marasa lafiya sama da shekaru 15, ka'idojin sukari na jini daga yatsa sune 3.5 -5.5 mmol / L.
Lokacin da sukari a cikin gwajin jini yana da girma sosai, to wannan yana nuna hyperglycemia, kuma idan ba a kula da shi ba - hypoglycemia. Duk wani sakamako mai cutarwa ga jikin ɗan adam, saboda wannan yana nuna kasancewar manyan lamuran aiki cikin gabobin jikin mutum da tsarin sa.
Sanannen abu ne cewa binciken jini na jini, wanda aka ƙaddara ta hanyoyi daban-daban, na iya samun alamomi daban-daban dangane da wurin da ake ɗaukar ƙwayar halitta. Tebur da ke ƙasa yana nuna bambanci tsakanin matakin glucose a cikin sankarar jini da na farin jini:
- 3.5-6.1 mmol / l;
- 3,5-5.5 mmol / L.
A cikin mutane masu lafiya, bayan cin abinci cikin jini, ka'idodin sukari na iya ƙaruwa zuwa 6.6 mmol / L. Amma lokacin da ake bincika ciwon sukari, gwajin glucose na jini yana da mahimmanci sau da yawa.
Tare da kamuwa da ciwon suga, kirdadon jini shine 5.6-6.1 mmol / L, kuma jinin mai jini shine 6.1-7 mmol / L. Wannan yanayin yana nuna gazawar haƙuri haƙuri.
Odayyade sakamakon: 2 hours bayan shan maganin glucose, ƙa'idar shine 7.8 mmol / L. Kuna iya magana game da ciwon suga idan sukari jini ya tashi daga 7.8 zuwa 11.1 mmol / l. Maganganun mahimmancin likita don maganin ciwon sukari suna daga 11. 1 mmol / L.
Don tabbatar da gaskiyar cutar sankara, ana gwada haemoglobin. Idan ana yin irin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen jini don sukari, ƙimar shine - 4-9%.
Idan wannan alamar ta wuce, haɗarin haɓakar rikitar da cutar amai da jijiya (nephropathy, retinopathy) yana da girma. Kuma menene menene gwajin jini ya nuna lokacin da haemoglobin ɗin gily ya fi 8%? Wannan yana nuna buƙatar daidaitawar magani saboda rashin sakamakon da ya dace.
Odayyade gwajin jini don sukari tare da kaya:
- 7.8 ED - al'ada;
- 7.8-11 ED - ciwon suga;
- daga 11.1 IU - ciwon sukari mellitus.
Shin ƙididdigar sukari na jini ya dace ne a cikin mata? Bayan shekaru 50, yayin menopause, canje-canje na hormonal da rikice-rikice a cikin metabolism metabolism suna faruwa a jikinsu. Don haka, duk matan da shekarunsu suka wuce 60, ya kamata a bincika jinin kullun don kasancewar sukari.
A cikin mata masu juna biyu, ƙimar glucose na iya bambanta. Ga irin waɗannan marasa lafiya, ƙimar al'ada har zuwa 6.3 mmol / L al'ada ce. Idan waɗannan lambobin sun wuce, to, ana sanya ƙarin ƙididdiga.
A cikin maza, glucose na al'ada a cikin ragin jini shine 3.3-5.6 mmol / L. Koyaya, bayan shekaru 60, waɗannan sigogi na iya zamaɗaɗɗa.
Alamun da ke nuna canji a cikin glycemia
Yana faruwa cewa tsarin sukari na jini a cikin manya da yara yana ƙasa da ƙimar al'ada. Lokacin da ƙwayar glucose ta ƙasa da 3.5 mmol / L, wannan yana nuna hypoglycemia. Waɗanda suka fara amsa wannan yanayin sune ƙoshin jijiyoyi da glandar adrenal.
Tare da sakin adrenaline, wanda ke saki shagunan glucose, alamu da yawa sun haɓaka: yunwar, ɓarna, zazzaɓi, damuwa, rawar jiki da farin ciki. Hakanan, mutum yana cikin damuwa, juyayi, da sauri ya gaji kuma yana fama da ciwon kai.
A cikin raunin hypoglycemia mai ƙarfi, hangen nesa ya daskare, raɗaɗi, tsananin zafin ya faru. Wasu marasa lafiya suna haɓaka rikice-rikice har ma da haɓaka.
Wasu lokuta bayyanuwar suna kama da magani ko maye giya. Tare da raunin sukari mai tsawo, canje-canje marasa canje-canje a cikin kwakwalwa na iya faruwa. Sabili da haka, taimako na gaggawa na yanayin ya zama dole don daidaita matakan glycemia.
Sau da yawa, alamun glucose suna canzawa a cikin masu ciwon sukari suna shan magunguna masu rage sukari da marasa lafiya akan maganin insulin. Idan baku fara magani a kan kari ba, to komai na iya zama m.
Lokacin da glucose na jini ya yi yawa sosai, mai haƙuri yana jin ƙishirwa koyaushe. Sauran alamun cututtukan hyperglycemia sun haɗa da:
- itching da rashes a kan fata;
- urin yawan urination;
- samuwar boils;
- bushewa daga cikin mucous membranes na bakin;
- gajiya;
- malaise;
- itching na ciki.
Yawan wuce haddi a cikin jiki yana da mummunar illa ga jikin gaba daya. Zai iya zama bugun jini, kashewa ko bugun zuciya.
Yawancin lokaci hyperglycemia yana haifar da gangrene da gazawar na koda. A cikin manyan al'amura, naiyo na tasowa ko ma mutuwa tayi.
Yana da kyau a tuna cewa sakamakon binciken na iya zama ba gaskiya bane. Tabbas, ban da cin zarafi a cikin metabolism na metabolism da rushewar endocrine, abubuwan da ke haifar da hypoglycemia ana iya samun su cikin maye, cututtukan hanji, hanta, jijiyoyi da jijiyoyin jiki, da kiba. Hakanan, ana lura da irin wannan yanayin tare da sarcoidosis, guba tare da poisons, yawan ƙwayar insulin, ƙwayoyin huhu.
Hypoglycemia a cikin ciwon sukari ana haifar da shi ta hanyar cututtukan cututtukan thyroid, glandon adrenal, glandon gland, cin abinci kafin bincike da cuta. Har yanzu sukari yana tashi tare da damuwa ta jiki da ta mutum da kuma shan wasu magunguna (corticosteroids, estrogens, diuretics, estrogens, nicotinic acid).
Bayanai game da gwajin sukari na jini a cikin bidiyon a cikin wannan labarin.
