A halin yanzu, haɗarin ciwon sukari yana da girma sosai kuma yana cikin farkon tsakanin cututtukan endocrine. Musamman mahimmancin shine nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na sukari, wanda yawanci ke tasowa a cikin tsufa saboda gaskiyar cewa ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta baya cika aikinta kuma ƙwayoyin da ke samar da insulin a hankali suna mutuwa.
A cikin cututtukan sukari na nau'in farko, ba a yin amfani da insulin ba kwata-kwata, kuma idan an kula da haƙuri yadda ya kamata kuma ya yarda ya bi duk shawarwarin likita, to yanayinsa zai kasance cikin kyakkyawan yanayi. Kuma idan ba a samar da insulin isa ba, amma ba a san nawa ba, to cutar tana da wahalar warkewa, rikice-rikice yakan haifar. Ofaya daga cikin mafi munin rauni shine cutar ƙƙƙƙaran ƙwaƙwalwar ƙafa mai rauni.
A baya can, likitocin sun yi imanin cewa tasoshin ƙananan ƙananan sune mafi yawan lokuta ana shafa daidai saboda angiopathy na ƙananan ƙarshen yana tasowa, amma har zuwa yau an tabbatar da cewa lalacewar ƙafa a cikin masu ciwon sukari yana faruwa ne sakamakon lalata jijiyoyi, watau polyneuropathy. Vessels, a gefe guda, yana canza kawai a kusan 15% na marasa lafiya.
Za'a iya rarrabuwar ɓarkewar ɓarke tsakanin jijiyoyin da ƙananan ƙarshen zuwa kashi biyu:
- Microangiopathy na ciwon sukari - lalacewar tasoshin microvasculature (jijiyoyin hanji, kodan).
- Macroangiopathy masu ciwon sukari - jijiya mafi girma suna wahala.
A nau'i na biyu na angiopathy, kuma musamman akan cutar tasoshin ƙafafun kafafu, yana da daraja a zauna cikin ƙarin daki-daki.
Cutar ƙafar ƙafa
Dangane da ilimin halittar jiki, wannan cuta shine atherosclerosis, wanda ke shafar jijiyoyin jini a cikin ciwon sukari, kuma yana da wasu halaye:
- - rauni yana da halayen da yawa;
- - hanyar cutar ta ci gaba cikin lokaci;
- - na iya haɓaka a cikin matasa;
- - Zai yi wuya a bi da thrombolytics.
Atherosclerosis na jiragen ruwa yana haifar da aiwatar da bangon bangon jijiyoyin, sannan akwai tazara daga lumen su (stenosis) har sai sun kasance cikakke. Sakamakon wannan, kyallen takarda suna fuskantar matsananciyar yunwar oxygen, wanda ke haifar da rikicewar metabolism, kuma wasu alamun bayyanar sun bayyana. Wannan yanayin yana tare da alamomin halayyar mutum.
Rarraba Fontaine-Lerish-Pokrovsky
Mataki na 1: cutar na asymptomatic kuma an ƙaddara ta amfani da kayan bincike kawai.
Matsayi na II: alamu suna bayyana a cikin nau'i na jin zafi a cikin kafafu kuma wani lokacin kwatangwalo, zafin da ke faruwa lokacin tafiya a wani tsinkaye, takaddama mai zurfi ta fara. A lokaci guda, lokacin da mutum ya tsaya, alamomin raɗaɗi sun shuɗe, amma, ciwon sankarar fata na haɓaka.
Sau da yawa, angiopathy na ƙananan ƙarshen yana tasowa tare da neuropathy (lalacewar tsarin juyayi). A irin waɗannan halayen, zazzabi na ainihi na iya zama babu shi, kuma sauran alamomi sun zo don maye gurbin shi, jin gajiya, rashin jin daɗi ya faru, yana sa mutumin ya daina.
Mataki na IIA: tsinkaye zafi yana faruwa a nesa da nisan fiye da mita ɗari biyu.
Mataki na IIB: zafin zai fara a nesa da kasa da mitoci ɗari biyu.
Mataki na III: matsanancin zafi yana damuwa har a hutawa. Yana faruwa lokacin da mai haƙuri yake a kwance. Idan an saukar da reshen da abin ya shafa, to tsananin zafin ya zama kasa, amma alamomin ba su bace.
Mataki na VI: bayyanar cututtukan cututtukan trophic, ci gaban gangrene.
Angiopathies na ƙananan ƙarshen ƙarshen yana shafar shawo kan ƙwayar tsoka da rassan su. Cutar tana tafiya da ƙarfi, ci gaba cikin sauri, sau da yawa yakan haifar da ƙungiya, sannan dole ne a yanke reshe, kuma mara lafiya ya zama mai rauni.
Bayyanar cututtuka da kuma Ciwon ciki
Idan mai haƙuri ya tafi asibiti, to likita dole ne ya kula ba kawai gunaguni da tarihin ciwon sukari ba, har ma da alamu masu zuwa:
- - palpation daga cikin arteries na ƙafa ba ya jin bugun jini;
- - saukar da zafin jiki na cikin gida (kasancewar alamu a hannu guda yana da mahimmanci yayin yin gwaji);
- - karancin gashi a kan fata na kafa;
- - bushe, bakin ciki, fata cyanotic, ƙafa mai launin ja;
- - Ischemic edema (a cikin manyan lokuta).
Hakanan ana aiwatar da cutar ta hanyar kayan aiki, wanda zai ba ku damar la'akari da alamun:
- - Dopplerographic jariri na arteries (nunawa dabara);
- - duplex duban dan tayi scanning;
- - tomography na multispiral;
- - bambanci angiography.
A cikin tsohuwar zamanin, an kuma yi amfani da rheovasography, amma yanzu ba a yi amfani da shi ba, saboda yana iya ba da sakamako mai kyau, kuma wannan yana haifar da zubar da hankali na angiopathy. Sabili da haka, ba a ba da shawarar wannan hanyar don gano wata cuta ba kamar su cutar malaria.
Jiyya
Therapy of ciwon sukari angiopathy kunshi m lura da maki da yawa:
- lura da atherosclerosis;
- ƙi shan sigari;
- Kawo cholesterol da glucose na jini zuwa al'ada;
- jiyya da cimma nasarar daidaitaccen darajar karfin jini;
- sarrafa nauyi;
- alƙawarin magungunan vasoactive - suna haɓaka nesa lokacin tafiya, amma kada ku shafi tsinkayen;
- matsakaici matsakaici akan wata gabar jiki da saka takalman da suka dace. Ba za a iya yin wannan ba idan mai haƙuri yana da rauni na trophic, za a buƙaci jiyyarsu a nan;
- jiyya na tiyata;
- tausayi da jiyya a cikin kashin lumbar;
- ayyukan kwantar da hankali da kulawa a bayansu;
- kewaya da lura da jijiya.
Don samun sakamako mai tasiri a cikin lura da ciwon angiopathy, ya zama dole a rama don cutar da keɓaɓɓiyar ƙwayar cuta da daidaita abubuwan gina jiki da metabolism metabolism. Don wannan, ana zaɓa marasa lafiya daban-daban don magani da abinci, iyakance yawan kuzarin dabbobi da kuma carbohydrates masu ladabi. Hakanan, dangane da nau'in ciwon sukari, an wajabta insulin farji ko magani tare da magungunan antipyretic.
Yanzu, sau da yawa, likitoci suna neman magani. Tare da haɓaka ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta da ƙari na maye, ana yin yankan yanki.
Yin rigakafin
Mutanen da ke da ciwon sukari suna buƙatar yin ƙoƙarin yin duk abin da masu ciwon sukari na jijiya daga cikin jijiyoyin jini ke farawa da wuri-wuri. Kuna buƙatar fahimtar cewa, wataƙila, ba za a iya kauce wa wannan hanyar ba, amma kuna iya yin sa don kada ci gaba da rakiyar abubuwa masu ba da daɗi.
Don hana wannan rikitarwa, dole ne a bi duk shawarwarin likita a cikin maganin ciwon sukari, ɗaukar insulin kullun ta amfani da sirinji don masu ciwon sukari, ko magungunan antidiabetic, bi tsarin abinci da sarrafa nauyin jikin mutum. Idan ya cancanta, sha masu tunanin jini. Yana da mahimmanci a kula da matakin cholesterol koyaushe, saboda ƙaruwarsa yana haɓaka lalacewar jijiyoyin jiki, kuma, sabili da haka, yana kawo kusan ƙarshen lalata ƙwayoyin hannu. Hakanan wajibi ne don sarrafa aikin hanta, saboda yana da alhakin cholesterol da samar da glycogen, wanda ke nufin cewa yana shafar ƙimar ci gaban angiopathy.
Idan ka bi dukkan shawarwarin, to farawa daga wannan rikicewar na iya jinkirta ko kuma za a dakatar da aikin aiwatar da aiki. A wannan yanayin, kafafu ba za su wahala ba, kuma ingancin rayuwar masu ciwon sukari zai inganta sosai.
