Tare da ciwon sukari, akwai karuwar glucose a jiki a koyaushe. Idan mara lafiya yasan yadda yakamata a kula da lafiyar su, kiyaye sukari a matakin al'ada, to cutar sankara zata juya daga mummunan cuta zuwa rayuwa ta musamman wacce bazai haifar da wata barazana ba.
Akwai nau'ikan cututtukan cututtukan da yawa waɗanda ke da alaƙa da rikice-rikice na rayuwa a jikin mutumin mara lafiya. Kowace irin cuta, ban da hyperglycemia, ta bayyana kanta a cikin gaskiyar cewa tana samar da glucose a cikin fitsari. A wannan yanayin, waɗannan alamu na iya faruwa:
- ƙishirwa yana fara ƙaruwa sosai;
- ci abinci yana ƙaruwa cikin sauri;
- akwai rashin daidaituwa na metabolism na mai a cikin hanyar hyperlipidemia, kazalika da dyslipidemia;
- gurbata metabolism a jiki;
- rikicewar wasu cututtuka suna farawa.
Increasearin ƙaruwa a yawan masu haƙuri da ciwon sukari mellitus ya buƙaci gano nau'ikan wannan cutar don fahimtar takamaiman bambanci tsakanin yanayin ɗaya da wani.
Idan har kwanan nan, magani ya yi imani da cewa mutanen da suka fi shekaru 45 ne kawai za su iya fama da kamuwa da ciwon sukari na II, a yau an rage iyakokin wannan cuta zuwa 35.
Kowace shekara, ana gano nau'in na biyu na ciwon sukari a cikin marasa lafiya, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da abinci mai gina jiki da rayuwa mara kyau.
Babban rarrabuwa da cutar
Magungunan zamani suna bambanta manyan nau'ikan ciwon sukari, waɗanda mutane zasu iya fama da ita ba tare da la’akari da shekarunsu ba:
- Nau'in nau'in ciwon sukari wanda ya dogara da insulin. An ƙirƙiri shi a cikin jikin mutum a cikin raguwa a cikin adadin wannan hormone. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, yana faruwa a cikin ƙananan yara, matasa da matasa. Tare da wannan ciwo, yana da mahimmanci don gudanar da wani ƙwayar insulin kowace rana;
- Nau'in Cutar na 2 yana da 'yanci daga insulin na hormone kuma yana iya haɓaka ko da adadinsa da yawa a cikin jinin mutum. Nau'in na biyu na ciwon sukari shine halayyar mutane waɗanda shekarunsu suka wuce 40 kuma yana haɓaka da asalin karuwa a cikin jikin mutum. Tare da wannan nau'in ciwon sukari, ana iya inganta yanayin kiwon lafiya ta hanyar yin gyare-gyare ga abincin, fadada ƙarin fam, sannan kuma yana ƙaruwa da ƙaruwa da kuma jijiyar motsa jiki. Irin wannan maganin a magani galibi ana kasu kashi biyu. Yankin Subtype A yana haɓaka asalin abin da ya wuce kiba, kuma ƙananan nau'ikan B sun kasance na yau da kullun ga marasa lafiya na bakin ciki.
Baya ga manyan nau'ikan ciwon suga, akwai kuma takamammen nau'ikansa:
- Cutar sankarar LADA. An kwatanta shi da wata kamance tare da cutar nau'in farko, duk da haka, an rage saurin gudanawarsa. Idan zamuyi magana game da matakan karshe na cutar LADA-za a iya gano shi azaman ciwon sukari na II. A yau, wannan sunan yana daɗaɗɗe, kuma kalmar autoimmune ciwon sukari mellitus ya maye gurbinsa;
- MUTANE-masu ciwon sukari wani nau'in aji Cuta ce mai alaƙar bayyananniya kuma tana iya haifar da asali daga matsalolin tare da cututtukan fata, tare da cutar haemochromatosis, da kuma fibrosis na cystic;
- cututtukan da ke sa maye a cikin kwayoyi (ciwon sukari na B);
- Class C ciwon sukari mellitus, wanda ke faruwa lokacin da tsarin endocrine malfunctions.
Bambanci tsakanin kamuwa da cutar LADA daga wasu nau'ikan cutar
Kalmar LADA ciwon sukari da kanta an sanya latent nau'i na ciwon sukari na autoimmune a cikin marasa lafiya na manya. Duk waɗanda suka fada cikin wannan rukuni na marasa lafiya, tare da marasa lafiya tare da nau'in cutar ta farko, suna cikin buƙatar gaggawa na ilimin insulin na tilas. A matsayinka na mai mulki, tare da matsaloli tare da sukari, a cikin jikin marasa lafiya, ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke haifar da insulin sun rushe. Sakamakon wannan, aiwatar da kansa ya faru.
A cikin aikin likita, zaku iya samun ra'ayi cewa cutar ta LADA tana da rauni, wani lokacin kuma ana kiranta ciwon sukari "1.5".
Halin da ake ciki irin wannan ne halin da ake ciki na mutuwar duk sel da kekantar da aikin yayin da suka kai ga masu shekaru 35 da haihuwa. Dukkanin tsarin yana da saurin tafiya kuma yana kama da hanyar ciwon sukari na 2.
Babban bambanci shine cewa a wannan yanayin, gaba ɗaya duk ƙwayoyin beta suna mutuwa, wanda ke haifar da katsewar ƙwayar insulin a cikin ƙwayar cuta.
A matsayinka na mai mulkin, cikakkiyar dogara ga ƙarin gudanarwar insulin a cikin zamani daga shekara 1 zuwa 3 daga farkon cutar. Yana wucewa tare da alamun bayyanar cututtuka a cikin mace da namiji.
Hanyar cutar ta fi dacewa da nau'in na biyu, saboda tsawon lokaci mai yiwuwa ne a iya sarrafa dukkan tsarin ilimin tare da taimakon motsa jiki da wadatar abinci mai ƙarancin-carb.
Dangantakar ingantacciyar hanyar cutar tana sa a sami damar yin tunanin cewa ciwon sukari zai koma baya ko kuma farkonsa zai canza har abada. Mafi mahimmancin batun a wannan yanayin zai zama iko na glycemic.
Don haɓaka wayar da kan marasa lafiya, ana kirkiro makarantu na musamman na masu ciwon suga. Babban burin su shine isar da ingantaccen bayani ga kowane mai haƙuri cewa:
- wajibi ne don saka idanu kan matakin cutar ta glycemia;
- akwai hanyoyi don sarrafa matakan sukarinku;
- an ba da halayyar musamman don rikitarwa na ciwon sukari.
Yaya ake kamuwa da cutar ta LADA?
Don gano alamun da ke nuna cutar ta LADA a cikin mara haƙuri, ya zama dole a aiwatar da waɗannan halaye, ƙari ga duk daidaitattun gwaje-gwaje na guban jini da glycated haemoglobin:
- bincike da kuma rushewar kwayar halitta ta sel zuwa ICA sel (islet sel);
- bincike na maganin antigens na HLA;
- nazarin autoantibodies ga kwayoyi tare da insulin;
- Tabbatar da alamun alamun halitta;
- daidaitattun abubuwa na autoantibodies don lalata gurnamiki decarboxylase GAD.
Bayyanawa daga ƙayyadaddun halaye a cikin bayyanar wani nau'in kamar LADA-ciwon sukari zai zama irin waɗannan sigogi:
- shekarun marasa lafiya basu wuce 35 ba;
- kirkirar dogara da insulin bayan wani lokaci (shekaru da yawa);
- bayyanar cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan sukari na biyu tare da nauyi na al'ada ko ma da laima;
- ramawa game da raunin insulin yana faruwa ne tare da taimakon abinci na musamman da kuma ilimin motsa jiki.
Don maganin zamani, gano cutar sankarau ba ta da wuya. Don yin wannan, akwai nau'ikan na'urorin bincike da yawa waɗanda ke taimakawa tabbatar da ganewar asali a cikin marasa lafiya masu shekaru 25 zuwa 50 a cikin waɗannan lokuta yayin da suke da alamun gargajiya na ciwon sukari.
Gwajin gwaje-gwaje na zamani suna taimaka wa likitan daidai yadda ya yiwu zaɓi hanyoyin ingantacciyar hanyar magani da kuma tsawaita lokacin samarwa da kwayoyin kansa na haƙuri.
Riskungiyar mai haɗarin haɗari don haɓaka nau'in ciwon sukari na LADA shine mata masu ciki waɗanda aka tabbatar da su tare da ciwon sukari na gestational. A mafi yawan lokuta, wadannan matan suna iya kamuwa da ciwon suga bayan karshensu ko kuma a makoma mai nisa. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, an lura da yiwuwar irin wannan hanyar ta cutar a cikin kashi 25 na lokuta.
Hanyoyin jiyya
Kamar yadda aka sani, an wajabta maganin insulin don marasa lafiya da aka kamu da cutar ta LADA-diabetes. Likitocin sun bada shawarar a jinkirta allura. Idan an tabbatar da cutar LADA-mai ciwon sukari, to za a sami magani a bisa wannan ka’idar.
Wannan rukuni na marasa lafiya yana buƙatar farkon yiwuwar gano cutar da isasshen magunguna, da insulin musamman. Da farko dai, wannan ya faru ne sakamakon girman yiwuwar rashin wadatar samar da insulin. Sau da yawa, ana iya haɗa ƙarancin insulin tare da juriyar ƙwayoyin jikin mutum zuwa wannan hormone idan an gano cutar Lada-diabetes.
A cikin irin waɗannan yanayi, ana iya tsara marasa lafiya na musamman don rage sukari a cikin tsarin kwamfutar hannu. Irin waɗannan kwayoyi ba sa haifar da bushewar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, kodayake, a lokaci guda, suna ƙaruwa da ƙima na ji na kayan abubuwa na gefe zuwa insulin na hormone.
Bugu da ƙari, magungunan da za a iya tsara sun haɗa da abubuwan da ake buƙata na biguanide (Metformin), kazalika da glitazones (Avandia), ana iya samun cikakken magunguna don masu ciwon sukari akan gidan yanar gizon mu.
Tabbas yana da mahimmanci ga duk marasa lafiya da ke dauke da cutar ta LADA. A wannan yanayin, farkon yiwuwar gudanar da aikin insulin zai kasance da nufin ceton asalin halitta na insulin har tsawon lokaci.
Wadancan marasa lafiya waɗanda ke ɗauke da cutar LADA-masu ciwon sukari ya kamata a iyakance su ta amfani da asirin. Wadannan kwayoyi na iya tayar da hawan insulin kuma suna haifar da saurin rage yawan cututtukan hanji, da kuma gaba ga karancin insulin a cikin marasa lafiya da nau'in ciwon sukari na Lada.
Babban ƙari ga ilimin likita zai kasance:
- dacewa
- aiwatarudotherapy;
- motsa jiki.
Bugu da kari, tare da izinin likita, ana iya aiwatar da darussan magani ta amfani da maganin gargajiya. Akwai kyawawan tsire-tsire masu ƙwayar cuta waɗanda ke da ƙimar rage yawan sukarin jini a cikin haƙuri a cikin masu fama da cutar siga ta LADA.
