Miliyoyin mutane a duniya ba su da masaniya game da kasancewar ciwon sukari. Don gano maganin, yana da mahimmanci a yi gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullun don yawan sukari a cikin jini kuma a fili sanin yanayin wannan alamar.
A cikin ciwon sukari, za a haɓaka matakan sukari na yau da kullun idan kun ba da gudummawa jini a cikin komai a ciki. Babban mahimmanci shine abincin. Amma yawan sukari baya ba ku damar yanke hukunci daidai da nau'in ciwon.
Don kula da glucose na yau da kullun a cikin ciwon sukari na mellitus, kuna buƙatar bin duk shawarar likitan kuma ku auna matakan sukari na jini akai-akai.
Tsarin glucose
A cikin jikin mutum, ana kula da matakin glucose a cikin jini koyaushe, ana yin shi a 3.9-5.3 mmol / L. Wannan shine ka'idodin sukari na jini, yana bawa mutum damar gudanar da ayyukan rayuwa mai kyau.
Marasa lafiya masu ciwon sukari sun saba da zama tare da sukari mai yawa. Amma ko da kasancewar rashin bayyanar cututtuka mara kyau, yana haifar da rikitarwa mai haɗari.
Rage yawan sukari da ake kira hypoglycemia. Kwakwalwa tana shan wahala lokacin da glucose ya gaza jini. Hypoglycemia yana halin waɗannan alamomi masu zuwa:
- haushi
- tashin hankali
- bugun zuciya
- jin tsananin yunwar.
Lokacin da sukari bai kai 2.2 mmol / l ba, to fitsari yana faruwa kuma har ma da mutuwa yana yiwuwa.
Jiki yana sarrafa glucose, yana samar da kwayoyin halittun da ke haɓaka ko rage shi. Thearuwar sukari yana faruwa ne sakamakon kwayoyin halittar catabolic:
- Adrenaline
- Cortisol
- Glucagon da sauransu.
Guda guda daya, insulin, lowers sukari.
Lowerarancin adadin glucose, ana samar da ƙarin kwayoyin halittar catabolic, amma ƙasa da insulin. Yawancin sukari mai yawa suna sa ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta yi aiki a hankali kuma yana ɓoye ƙarin insulin.
A cikin jinin mutum, yawanci ana samun karamin glucose a cikin kankanin lokaci. Don haka, a cikin mutumin da yake nauyin kilogram 75, adadin jinin da ke jikin mutum zai zama kusan lita biyar.
Duba sukari
Aunawa wajibi ne a kan komai a ciki, an kuma haramta shan ruwa. Ana iya ɗaukar jini daga yatsa ko daga jijiya. Binciken ya dogara ne akan nadin likita ko a gida, ta amfani da kayan aiki da ake kira glucometer.
Meteraramin mai sauƙin amfani da sauƙin amfani. Wannan na'urar tana da sake dubawa kawai. Don bincike a cikin manya da yara, ana buƙatar ƙarin digo ɗaya na jini. Na'urar zata nuna matakin sukari akan allon bayan dakika 5-10.
Idan na'urarka mai ɗaukar hoto ta nuna cewa gullen jininka ya yi yawa sosai, ya kamata ka sake yin gwajin jini daga jijiya a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje. Wannan hanyar tana daɗaɗa wahala, amma tana ba da kyakkyawan sakamako. Bayan karbar gwaje-gwajen, likitan ya ƙayyade glucose na al'ada ko a'a. Wannan ma'aunin ya zama dole a farkon bayyanar cutar sankarau. Ya kamata a gudanar da bincike da safe, a kan komai a ciki.
Don gwada sukari, ana yin gwajin ciki. Akwai dalilai da yawa game da wannan, misali:
- urination akai-akai
- ƙishirwa mai ƙishirwa
- fata mai ƙaiƙayi, a cikin mata yana iya zama ƙaiƙayi a cikin farjin tare da ciwon sukari.
Idan alamun bayyanar cututtukan sukari, lokacin da suka bayyana, yana da mahimmanci a yi nazari. Idan babu bayyanannu, ana yin binciken ne bisa dalilin yawan sukarin jini, idan an yi gwajin sau biyu akan ranaku daban. Wannan yana yin la'akari da gwajin jini na farko, wanda aka yi akan komai a ciki tare da glucometer, da gwajin jini na biyu daga jijiya.
Wasu mutane sun fara bin abincina kafin binciken, wanda gabaɗaya ba lallai bane, saboda wannan zai shafi amincin sakamakon. Kafin bincike, yawan amfani da abinci mai zaki ba da shawarar ba.
Wannan amincin binciken ana iya shafa shi ta:
- wasu nau'ikan cututtuka
- haɓaka yanayin cututtukan ƙwayar cuta,
- ciki
- yanayin post-danniya.
Likitocin ba su ba da shawarar yin gwajin glucose a cikin mata da maza bayan sauyawar dare. A wannan lokacin, jiki yana buƙatar hutawa.
Dole ne a yi wannan binciken duk wata shida ga mutane bayan shekara 40. Bugu da kari, ya zama dole a tantance wadancan mutanen da ke cikin hadari. Wannan rukunin ya haɗa da mutane da:
- kiba
- ciki
- yanayin kwayar halitta.
Nau'in cuta yana ƙayyade yawan gwargwadon matakan sukari. Idan muna magana ne game da farko, nau'in insulin-dogara, to, yakamata a yi gwajin glucose koyaushe kafin gabatarwar insulin.
Tare da tabarbarewar yanayin jin daɗin rayuwa, bayan damuwa, ko batun canji a cikin yanayin rayuwa na yau da kullun, ya kamata a auna sukari fiye da sau da yawa.
A cikin waɗannan halayen, mai nuna alama na iya bambanta sosai.
Tauraron Dan Adam
Ko da kuwa shekarun mutum da kasancewar cututtuka, ya fi kyau a riƙa yin bincike a kai a kai wanda ke ƙayyade matakin glucose a cikin jini.
Masu ciwon sukari suna yin, aƙalla sau uku a rana, a kan komai a ciki, da kuma kafin da bayan cin abinci da maraice.
Yana da muhimmanci a zabi na'urar da tafi dacewa da aminci wanda zai nuna ingantaccen sakamako.
Abubuwan da ake buƙata na asali na inji sune kamar haka:
- daidaito
- saurin
- karko
Duk waɗannan bukatun sun gamsu da mitar tauraron dan adam na zamani, wanda kamfanin Elta ke samarwa, yana inganta na'urar koyaushe. Yin hukunci da sake dubawa, wani ci gaba yana samun ƙarin shahara - tauraron dan adam ƙari.
Babban ab advantagesbuwan kula da tauraron dan adam sune:
- karamin adadin abu don bincike,
- nuna sakamakon bayan dakika 20,
- babban adadin ƙwaƙwalwar ciki.
Shutarar da na'urar ta atomatik baya ƙyale batura ta fashe idan mutum ya manta da kunna shi da hannu. Kit ɗin ya ƙunshi tsararrun gwaji 25 da na'urorin sokin yatsa 25 Capacityarfin batirin ya yi daidai da ma'aunin 2000. Tare da daidaito na sakamakon, na'urar ta dace da tasiri na gwaje gwaje.
Matsakaicin ma'aunin shine 0.6 - 35.0 mmol / L. Na'urar tana yin nazarin jinin gabaɗaya, wanda yasa ya yiwu a hanzarta ganin tabbataccen sakamako akan allon kuma baya aiwatar da wasu ƙididdigar, kamar yadda yake game da binciken plasma.
Tauraron Dan Adam ƙari ba shi da ƙarancin lokaci zuwa na'urorin ƙasashen waje, tunda yawancinsu suna buƙatar kawai zuwa seconds 8 don samun sakamakon. Koyaya, tarin matakan gwaji yana da rahusa sau da yawa.
Wannan na'urar tana aiki azaman mai taimako mai arha amma amintacce ga masu ciwon sukari.
Alamar al'ada
Yana da mahimmanci a san abin da ake gane matakin sukari na jini kamar al'ada. An sanya waɗannan dabi'u don mutane daban-daban a cikin tebur na musamman.
Lokacin da aka auna abun da sukari tare da glucometer wanda aka saita don auna glucose din plasma, sakamakon zai zama mafi girma 12%.
Matakan sukari zasu bambanta lokacin da aka riga an cinye abincin kuma akan komai a ciki. Haka za a iya faɗi game da lokacin rana.
Akwai ka'idojin sukari na jini dangane da lokacin rana (mmol / l):
- 2 to 4 hours fiye da 3.9,
- da karin kumallo 3.9 - 5.8,
- ranar kafin abinci 3.9 - 6.1,
- kafin abincin yamma 3.9 - 6.1,
- sa'a daya bayan cin abinci kasa da 8.9,
- sa'o'i biyu bayan cin abinci kasa da 6.7.
Sugar a maraice kafin abincin dare ya kamata ya kasance 3.9 - 6.1 mmol / L.
Lokacin da ya kai shekaru 60, dole ne a tuna cewa alamu za su iya ƙaruwa kuma su kasance cikin kyakkyawan yanayi. Idan na'urar ta nuna 6.1 mmol / L ko sama akan komai a ciki, to wannan yana nuna wata cuta. Gwanin jini daga jijiya koyaushe yana ƙaruwa. Matsakaicin al'ada ya kai 6.1 mmol / L.
Idan maida hankali na glucose ya kasance daga 6 zuwa 7 mmol / l, wannan yana nufin ƙimar iyakoki waɗanda zasu iya nuna cin zarafi a cikin aikin carbohydrates. Ya kamata a bincika sukari na jini da maraice, abin da yake har zuwa 6 mmol / l, ya kamata a bincika sau da yawa. Mai nuna alamun fiye da 7.0 mmol / l yana nuna kasancewar ciwon sukari.
Lokacin da sukari ya ɗan fi sauƙi sama da na al'ada, ana iya yin jayayya cewa akwai yanayin ciwon suga, yana da mahimmanci don gudanar da ƙarin bincike.
Cutar sukari
Kusan 90% na lokuta sune masu ciwon sukari na 2. Wannan rashin lafiyar tana haɓaka hankali, kuma farkonta shine ciwon suga. Idan babu matakan warkewa cikin gaggawa, cutar za ta bunkasa cikin hanzari.
Ana iya sarrafa wannan yanayin ba tare da allurar insulin ba. An hana yin azumi ko kara motsa jiki.
Yakamata mutum ya sami rubutaccen takaddara na musamman na kamun kai, wanda yakamata ya hada da matakin sukari na yau da kullun na jini. Idan kun bi tsarin abinci na warkewa, to, sukari a hankali zai koma al'ada.
Kuna iya magana game da ciwon suga idan akwai:
- yin sukari na azumi a cikin kewayon 5.5-7.0 mmol / l,
- glycated haemoglobin 5.7-6.4%,
- sugar awa biyu bayan cin 7.8-11.0 mmol / L.
Cutar sukari babban rauni ne na rashin aiki. Kawai ɗayan alamun da aka lissafa a sama sun isa yin irin wannan binciken.
Sharuɗɗa game da kasancewar nau'in ciwon sukari na 2:
- sukari mai azumi yafi 7.0 mmol / l gwargwadon sakamakon bincike guda biyu a cikin ranaku daban-daban a jere,
- glycated haemoglobin 6.5% ko fiye,
- lokacin aiwatar da gwajin haƙuri na glucose, alamunta sun kasance daga 11.1 mmol / l kuma mafi girma.
Daya daga cikin sharuddan ya isa yin maganin cutar sankarau. Mafi bayyanar cututtuka sune:
- urination akai-akai
- gajiya
- m ƙishirwa.
Hakanan za'a iya samun asarar nauyi mara hankali. Mutane da yawa ba su lura da alamun da ke bayyana ba, saboda haka sakamakon gwajin jini ga matakan glucose ya zama abin mamaki a gare su.
Suga a kan komai a ciki na iya zama a matakin al'ada na 'yan shekaru na farko, har sai cutar ta fara shafar jikin sosai. Binciken bazai nuna ƙimar glucose na al'ada ba. Ya kamata ku yi amfani da gwajin haemoglobin da ke cikin glycated ko kuyi gwajin sukari na jini bayan cin abinci.
Ana nuna nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 da:
- glucose a cikin komai a ciki 5.5-7.0 ko fiye,
- sukari bayan 1 da 2 sa'o'i bayan cin abinci, mmol / l 7.8-11.0 sama da 11.0,
- glycated haemoglobin,% 5.7-6.4 sama da 6.4.
Mafi sau da yawa, nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 da ciwon sukari wanda ke faruwa idan mutum ya wuce kima kuma yana da karfin jini (daga 140/90 mmHg).
Nasihu masu mahimmanci
Idan baku aiwatar da hadadden magani na hawan jini, to lallai rikitarwa ko matsanancin rikice-rikice ba za su haifar ba. Karshen su shine ketoacidosis masu ciwon sukari da kuma cutar sikari.
Increasedara yawan sukari na jini a jiki yana lalata garkuwar jini. Bayan wani lokaci, za su yi kauri da kauri, suna rasa yiwuwar aiki. Ana sanya alli a jikin bangon, tasoshin sun fara kama da tsoffin bututun ruwa. Saboda haka, angiopathy yana faruwa, wato lalacewar jijiyoyin jiki. Wannan ana ɗaukar babban rikitarwa ne na ciwon sukari.
Babban rikitarwa sune:
- na gazawar
- rage gani
- inarfin wata gabar jiki
- cututtukan zuciya da na jijiyoyin jiki.
A mafi yawan jini sugar, da mafi tsananin rikitarwa.
Don rage cutar daga cutar, ya kamata ku bi irin waɗannan shawarwarin:
- cinye abinci tare da tsawon lalacewa,
- maye gurbin burodi na yau da kullun tare da hatsi tare da fiber mai yawa,
- fara cin sabo kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa a koyaushe. Akwai fiber mai yawa, bitamin, antioxidants da ma'adanai a cikin abinci,
- cin abinci mai yawa na furotin wanda ke gamsar da yunwar abinci kuma yana hana haɓaka yawan ciwon sukari,
- rage yawan kitse mai narkewa wanda ke taimakawa karuwar nauyi. Ana maye gurbinsu da ƙoshin abinci mara nauyi, wanda ke taimakawa rage ƙarancin abinci na jita-jita,
- Haɗa a cikin abincin abinci tare da dandano na acidic wanda ba ya ba da damar ƙaruwa sosai a cikin glucose jini bayan cin abinci.
Lokacin bincika matakan sukari na jini, yana da muhimmanci a mai da hankali ba kawai ga alamu na yau da kullun ba, har ma kan abubuwan jijiyoyin gani. Ya zama dole ba kawai don bin shawarwarin likita ba, har ma don gyara salon rayuwa gaba daya.
A cikin bidiyon a cikin wannan labarin, likita zai nuna a fili yadda za a yi amfani da mita don auna kansa na sukari jini.
