A cikin nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari na mellitus, rikice-rikice a cikin tsarin endocrine yana faruwa. Wannan halin ana nuna shi ta hanyar rashin insulin, wanda ba a samar da ita ta hanyar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta a cikin adadin da ake buƙata. A sakamakon haka, jinin mai haƙuri ya tashi, wanda shine dalilin da yasa ya rasa nauyi cikin sauri kuma yana jin ƙishirwa koyaushe.
Abin takaici, cutar ba ta warkarwa, sabili da haka, lokacin da ake bincikar cutar sankara, mutum yana buƙatar shan magunguna na musamman don rayuwa. Irin waɗannan kwayoyi suna rage yawan haɗuwar glucose a cikin jini kuma suna ba ka damar kula da ƙoshin lafiya.
Tabbas, koda lokacin da glucose matakin yayi sama da na al'ada, har yanzu yana da mummunar tasiri akan tsarin jijiyoyin jiki. Kuma sakamakon rashin wadataccen jini, manyan gabobin ciki ba za su sami abubuwan da suke buƙata don gudanar da aiki yadda ya kamata ba.
Amma tare da kyakkyawar kulawa da bin duk shawarwarin likita, jinyar rayuwa tana da girma sosai. A cewar kididdigar, ya fi shekaru talatin.
Sanadin da Matsalar Hadarin
Ciwon insulin da ke dogaro da kai yana nufin cututtukan autoimmune wadanda ke ci gaba. Takamaiman aikinsu shi ne cewa ƙwayoyin beta waɗanda ke da alhakin samar da insulin an lalata su sannu-sannu ta hanyar ƙwayoyin kariya na jikin mutum.
Yau ba a kafa cikakken abin da ke sa rigakafi aiki ba daidai ba. Abubuwanda zasu iya haifar sune ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda zasu iya haifar da cutar a cikin mutane masu tsinkayar gado.
Na musamman hadarin sune:
- ƙwayoyin cuta na hanji coxsackie;
- kumburin ciki na yara
- kututture.
Amma mafi yawan lokuta, ciwon sukari 1 yana bayyana saboda abubuwan gado. Don haka, masana kimiyya sun gano wurare 18 na kwayoyin. Misali, IDDM1 wani yanki ne wanda ke dauke da kwayoyin halittar HLA wadanda suke dauke da sunadarai wadanda wani bangare ne na tsarin tarihin. Kwayoyin halittar daga wannan yankin suna shafar maganin rigakafi.
Koyaya, yuwu diabetes alar yin larura da ciwon sukari da ke dogaro da insulin, koda lokacin da dangi suka kamu da wannan cutar, ya zama kusan ƙasa (kusan 10%). Haka kuma, ana samun mafi yawan kwayoyin cuta a bangaren mahaifan.
Rashin damuwa na yau da kullun, yawan kiba, yawan shan giya, kasancewar cututtukan cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa da ƙwanƙwasawa kuma suna haifar da farkon cutar. Bugu da kari, cin zarafin wasu magunguna da abinci mara kyau suna taimakawa ga karancin samar da insulin. Tabbas, wadataccen carbohydrates mai sauri, gami da cakulan da yin burodi, yana lalata abinci mai narkewa da narkewar carbohydrate, wanda ke shafar aikin pancreas.
Abubuwan haɗari waɗanda ke haifar da dogaro ga insulin sun haɗa da:
- marigayi haihuwa;
- cutar rashin ƙarfi;
- preeclampsia - rikicewar ciki;
- mahara sclerosis;
- Hashimoto's thyroiditis;
- Kabari cuta.
Hoto na asibiti
Alamar farko na nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari mara nauyi shine rashin nauyi saboda rashin ci mai kyau. Hakanan, mai haƙuri da sauri ya gaji, yana jin bacci kuma yana son bacci koyaushe, haka ma ƙoshin kishi yana azabtar dashi.
Yawancin marasa lafiya suna fuskantar jin jin yunwa, tare da raguwa a cikin karfin jini, blanching na fata, bayyanar gumi mai sanyi da tachycardia. Masu ciwon sukari sau da yawa suna da rauni na tsoka da kuma nutsuwa a cikin yatsunsu.
Babban alamun bayyanar cutar a cikin mata shine ƙoshin da aka samu wanda ba zai iya jurewa ba na ƙwanƙwaran ciki da kuma na ciki. Wadannan alamu na faruwa ne sakamakon kasancewar glucose a cikin fitsari. Bayan haka, bayan urination, saukadowar fitsari wanda ke ɗauke da sukari ya faɗi akan membranes, yana haifar da haushi mai yawa.
A cikin maza, babbar alamar cutar ita ce datsewar nakasar da kuma karfin iko. Hadarin cutar shine hanya mai ɓoyewa ko mara lafiya bai kula da ƙananan alamun bayyanuwar cutar ba.
Hakanan alamun halayyar irin nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari sune raunin da ba a warkar da shi ba.
A lokaci guda, rashin bacci da kumburin jiki yakan haifar da yawancin marasa lafiya, rigakafin su yana da rauni sosai, sakamakon abin da suke jin rauni kullun kuma galibi suna da mura.
Sakamakon mummunan ciwon sukari: cututtukan jini da hauhawar jini
Mutane da yawa suna son sanin yadda rikicewar cututtukan sukari na 1 ke haɓaka. Tare da wannan cutar, glucose, aikin da ke ciki shine shiga cikin mai da ƙwayoyin tsoka da cajin su da makamashi, ya kasance cikin jini.
Idan ana yin matakan sukari a kai a kai, ba tare da tsawan ƙarfi ba, to, sai ya fara barin kyallen kuma ya cika tasoshin, yana lalata ganuwar su. Hakanan yana cutar da aikin gabobin da ake bayarwa da jini. Don haka, rikitarwa ya tashi tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1, lokacin da ƙarancin jiki ya ƙarancin insulin.
Idan ba'a biya diyyawar hormone din ta hanyar insulin wucin gadi ba, sakamakon zai bunkasa cikin hanzari. Kuma wannan zai rage tsawon rayuwar mutum.
Matsaloli masu ƙaranci na faruwa sakamakon raguwa kwatsam ko hauhawar glucose jini. An kasu kashi biyu:
- cutar rashin ruwa na hypoglycemic (low sugar);
- yanayin hyperglycemic (glucose mai yawa).
Hypoglycemia mafi yawa ana haɓakawa saboda yawan insulin da ya wuce ko kuma idan mara lafiyar ya rasa cin abinci bayan gudanarwar hormone. Hakanan, wadata ta bayyana sakamakon tsananin aiki, gami da haihuwa.
Bugu da ƙari, hypoglycemia na iya faruwa bayan an sha tare da kwayoyi. Wata irin wannan yanayin ta haɓaka sakamakon ɗaukar wasu magunguna (tetracyclines, beta-blockers, fluoroquinolones, lithium, alli, Vitamin B 12, salicylic acid). Bugu da ƙari, a cikin masu ciwon sukari, da alama raguwa mai yawa a cikin ƙwayar glucose yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙaruwa da cututtukan hepatosis ko hepatitis, ciki, da kuma batun cututtukan koda ko cututtukan fata.
Lokacin da hypoglycemia ya faru, yana da matukar mahimmanci a dauki carbohydrates mai sauri a cikin minti 20 (shayi da cakulan suna da dadi sosai). Bayan haka, rage gudu na iya haifar da mutuwar maɓallin cerebral cortex. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci a sani game da alamun cututtukan da ke nuna alamar ƙwayar cuta:
- blanching na fata;
- katsewa mai kaifi;
- numbashi na lebe;
- farin ciki tare da ciwon sukari;
- gumi mai sanyi;
- yunwa
- hannuwa mai rawar jiki.
Idan zubar digiri mai karfi ya faru da dare, to mutum ya fara yin asarar dare. Ba tare da azumin glucose mai sauri ba, mai haƙuri na iya faɗuwa cikin coma.
A mataki na biyu na rashin karfin jini, alamu kamar tashin hankali ko matsanancin rauni, daidaituwa, hangen nesa biyu da hangen nesa, hawan jini da kara karfin zuciya. Tsawon lokacin yana da ɗan gajeru, kuma a wannan yanayin sukari da Sweets zasu iya shiga cikin makogwaron numfashi, saboda wanda haƙuri zai fara shayarwa, don haka ya fi kyau a ba shi kawai maganin zaƙi.
Alamar marigayi cututtukan cututtukan jini sun haɗa da bayyanar cututtukan fata, fatsi-fata, wanda aka rufe shi da gumi mai sanyi, da asarar hankali. A wannan yanayin, ya zama dole a kira motar asibiti saboda likita ya gabatar da mara lafiya ga mafitar glucose (40%). Idan ba a ba da taimako ba a cikin awanni 2 masu zuwa, zazzabin kwakwalwa na iya faruwa.
Kyakkyawan rigakafin haɓakar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar jini shine wasanni. Amma kafin fara azuzuwan, kuna buƙatar ƙara yawan adadin carbohydrates ta 1-2 XE, ya kamata kuma yin wannan bayan motsa jiki.
Don abincin dare, yana da kyau ku ci abincin furotin. Sannu a hankali yana canzawa zuwa glucose, wanda ke bawa masu ciwon sukari damar yin bacci cikin lumana duk daren.
Hakanan yana da kyau a bar giya gaba daya. Matsakaicin yawan barasa ba zai wuce gram 75 ba.
Wani rikice rikice na ciwon sukari-wanda yake dogaro da jini shine hyperglycemic coma, wanda ya kasu kashi uku:
- ketoacidotic;
- lactic acidotic;
- hyperosmolar.
Irin wannan rikice-rikice yana bayyana tare da babban taro na sukari jini. Ana yin maganin su ne a tsakaitattun wurare.
Sakamakon gama gari na nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari shine ketoacidosis. Yana haɓaka idan ba a bi ka'idodin insulin far ba, a kan asalin cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta ko mai kumburi kuma tare da ƙaruwa da cututtukan cututtukan cututtuka. Hakanan, raunin da ya faru, bugun jini, bugun zuciya, sepsis, girgiza da kuma aikin tiyata da ba a tsara ba zasu iya ba da gudummawa ga wannan yanayin.
Ketoacidosis yana faruwa ne akan tushen rikicewar metabolism, wanda ya bayyana saboda karancin insulin.
A lokaci guda, matakin ketone jikin mutum da gulukos a cikin jini yana ƙaruwa. Idan babu taimako na lokaci, cutar ketoacidotic na faruwa.
Wannan yanayin yana shafar aikin zuciya, kwakwalwa, huhu, hanji da ciki. Akwai matakai 4 na ketoacidosis, tare da wasu alamu masu yawa:
- Ketosis - bushewar fata da membranes na mucous, ƙishirwa, amai, zazzabin cizon sauro, ciwon kai, ci da talauci da yawan urination.
- Ketoacidosis - nutsuwa, ƙanshi na acetone daga bakin, bugun jini, rage karfin jini, amai, rage fitsari.
- Precoma - matsanancin launin ruwan kasa-ja, canji a cikin yanayin numfashi, jin zafi a cikin ciki, bayyanar zama ja a kan cheeks.
- Coma - amo mai sanyin numfashi, laushi na fata, asarar rai, dandano acetone a cikin bakin.
Yin jiyya na cutar ketoacidotic ana nufin ladaitar da karancin insulin, ta hanyar gabatar da microdoses din shi a cikin jijiya. Hakanan, don dawo da ruwa, an yi wa mai haƙuri allurar ciki tare da ions.
Hyperosmolar da lactic acidotic coma galibi yana haɓaka tare da nau'in na biyu na ciwon sukari mellitus.
Late rikitarwa
Sau da yawa yanayin ciwon sukari yana shafar aikin kodan. Wadannan gabobin suna wuce 6 l na jini ta wurin kansu kowace rana, suna tacewa.
Increasedarin yawan ruwan sha yana haifar da nauyin kodan. Bugu da kari, suna tara sukari mai yawa.
Idan tattarawar glucose a cikin jini ya zarce 10 mmol / l, gabobin za su daina yin aikin tacewa kuma sukari ya shiga fitsari. Jin fitsari mai daɗi a cikin mafitsara, yana zama ingantaccen yanayi don haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta. Sakamakon haka, tsari mai kumburi yana faruwa a cikin kodan, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban nephritis da cutar sankara, wanda ke bayyana ta gazawar renal, haɓakar ƙwayar furotin a cikin fitsari da kuma lalatawar cikin zubar jini.
Don hana matsalolin koda, yana da mahimmanci koyaushe kula da sukari na jini da hawan jini. Tare da albuminuria, ana iya tsara magunguna daga kungiyoyin ARB da ACE.
Idan cutar koda ta ci gaba, yakamata a bi tsarin rage furotin. Koyaya, a cikin matakin ƙarshe na ƙirar renal, ana iya buƙatar adadin furotin mai yawa, saboda haka, ya kamata a amince da sifofin abubuwan cin abinci tare da likita.
Sau da yawa nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 na ciki, rikice-rikice wanda suke da yawa, ana nuna su a cikin aikin zuciya. Sakamakon mafi yawanci shine cututtukan zuciya, da suka hada da ciwon zuciya, angina pectoris, da arrhythmia. Duk waɗannan rikice-rikice suna haɓaka tare da matsanancin iskar oxygen, kuma idan akwai toshewar tasoshin, myocardium ya mutu.
Hadarin da ke tattare da bugun zuciya ga masu ciwon sukari shine watakila ba zai iya haɗuwa da alamun cutar ba, saboda ƙwarewar ƙwaƙwalwar zuciya ba ta yin la'akari.
Mafi yawan rikice-rikice na haɓaka daga tushen ƙaruwar ƙwayoyin jini. Don haka, tare da cin nasarar babban jirgin ruwa a cikin zuciya, bugun jini ya faru. Kuma cututtukan "zuciya masu ciwon sukari" an bayyana shi ta hanyar lalacewa ta hanyar aiki da jijiyoyi da yawaitar ƙwayar cuta.
An ba da shawarar cewa marasa lafiya da ke da haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan cututtukan zuciya suna ɗaukar Aspirin a cikin adadin 65-160 MG kowace rana a matsayin matakan hanawa. Koyaya, wannan maganin yana da yawancin halayen masu illa, saboda haka ya kamata a yarda da magani tare da likita.
Wani sanannen sakamako na ciwon sukari da ke dogaro da su shine retinopathy.
Lokacin da jijiyoyin bugun zuciya na ido suka lalace, hangen nesa ya gushe, saboda wanda ake kirkiri glaucoma, makanta da cataract.
Lokacin da tasoshin jini ke kwarara, basur na faruwa a cikin fatar ido. Yawancin lokaci, masu ciwon sukari suna yin sha'ir, wani lokacin nama yakan mutu. Babban magani don maganin retinopathy da ophthalmopathy na ciwon sukari shine tiyata na laser.
Sau da yawa, yawan sukari mai yawa yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa jijiyoyin jijiyoyi suna rasa hankalinsu, ana jin wannan musamman a cikin gabobin. Wannan yanayin ana kiranta mai ciwon suga.
A cikin lura da wannan rikitarwa, ana amfani da magunguna da yawa:
- anticonvulsants;
- masu ilimin narkewa;
- maganin alaƙar cuta;
- ƙananan painkillers.
Cutar sankarar zuciya na iya haifar da sakamako masu yawa - lalacewa ba tare da kulawa ba tare da ɓoye daga mafitsara, yana zubewar jini. Saboda haka, tare da paresis na ciki, an tsara Erythromycin ko Metoclopramide.
Wasu masu fama da ciwon sukari na iya haifar da matsalolin hakori. Bayan haka, isasshen isasshen jini yana haifar da matakan kumburi a cikin rami na baka. Sabili da haka, caries, periodontitis ko gingivitis sun bayyana. Likitan hakora ya kamata ya magance irin wannan illolin.
Yawancin marasa lafiya da ke dauke da nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari suna fama da ciwon sukari ko kuma ƙwallon ƙafa na Charcot, wanda shima yakan faru ne sakamakon rarrabuwar jini. Wannan halin ana nuna shi ta hanyar rashes a kafafu (kamar a cikin hoto), raunana tsokoki na ɗagawa, rage girman hankali ga abubuwan damuwa, lalata haɗuwa da ƙasusuwa na ƙafa.
Rashin kula da ƙafafun ƙafafun jinƙai na iya haifar da yanke ƙafa. Saboda haka, rigakafin rikice-rikice na nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari mellitus ya ƙunshi da kulawa da kulawa na ƙafa:
- jarrabawar yau da kullun na ƙafafu;
- wanke ƙafa 2 sau a rana;
- amfani da daskararru na yau da kullun;
- saka takalmi mai kwalliya;
- kin amincewa da tights da safa da ke matse ƙafa.
Insulin, wanda ba a samar da shi a cikin nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 ba, yana haɗuwa da ƙirƙirar ruwan 'ya'yan itace na ciki, saboda wanda adadinsa ya ragu. A sakamakon haka, gastritis, zawo, da dysbiosis na iya haɓaka. A wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar tuntuɓar likitan mata wanda zai ba da magunguna na musamman waɗanda ke daidaita narkewar.
Tare da karancin wadatar jini, kumburi daga cikin gidajen abinci na iya faruwa. Wannan yana haifar da bayyanar ɓarna a lokacin lanƙwasa reshen hannu, tashin hankali da ƙarancin motsi. Sau da yawa, ƙishirwa da urination akai-akai suna zama sanadin saukar da ƙwayar calcium daga ƙwayar tsoka, yana haifar da osteoporosis.
Don rage yiwuwar rikice-rikice a cikin nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na 2, ya zama dole don jagorantar rayuwa mai kyau da aiki, kula da cututtukan hoto da kuma kamuwa da cuta a kan kari kuma a guji damuwa. Hakanan, ya kamata a cire abincin da ke ɗauke da abubuwan adanawa da abubuwan kara kuzari daga abincin.
A cikin bidiyon a cikin wannan labarin, an ƙaddamar da tsarin abinci ga masu ciwon sukari da ke dogara da insulin, wanda zai taimaka wajen sarrafa matakan sukari na jini kuma hakan ya guji rikice rikice daga cutar.
