Ciwon sukari a cikin yara cuta cuta ce ta rayuwa wanda ake samu ta hanyar samuwar cututtukan zuciya da kuma illa ga insulin. Wannan cuta tana haɓaka da sauri, tare da raguwa a cikin nauyin yaro tare da ci, ƙishirwa mai yawa da fitsari mai yawa.
Don gano ciwon sukari a cikin yaro, ya kamata a gudanar da gwaje-gwaje na gwaje-gwaje. Babban hanyoyin suna ƙayyade yawan sukari a cikin jini, gano matakin haƙuri na glucose da sauran takamaiman gwaje-gwaje.
Babban jagorori a cikin maganin cututtukan cututtukan yara shine amfani da magunguna da ilimin insulin. Yin rigakafin kamuwa da cutar siga a cikin yara ya ƙunshi gabatarwar abinci mai gina jiki.
Misalin alamun cutar sankarau
Cikakken ko karancin insulin yana haifar da bayyanannun bayyanar cututtuka na rayuwa. Insulin yana samar da watsa ta cikin kwayar sel na potassium, glucose da amino acid.
Tare da rashin insulin, lalacewa mai yawa a cikin ƙwayar glucose yana faruwa, saboda haka yana tarawa cikin jini kuma hyperglycemia yana farawa.
Yawan saurin saurin karuwa saboda tsinkayewar sukari a cikin fitsari, wannan alama ce ta halayyar ciwon sukari na yara. Glucosuria yana tsokane polyuria saboda tsananin ƙwayar osmotic na fitsari.
Likitoci sun bayyana polyuria a matsayin wata alama ce ta hana ruwa lalacewa. A yadda aka saba, yana faruwa ne sakamakon haɗin furotin, mai da glycogen a ƙarƙashin rinjayar insulin.
Babban adadin sukari a cikin jijiyoyin jini, da polyuria, suna ba da isasshen ƙwayar jini da ƙishirwa na yau da kullun - polydipsia. Hanyar canji na carbohydrates zuwa fats da furotin yana lalata. A cikin yara, alamun za a iya furta su sosai, alal misali, sun fara rasa nauyi da sauri, yayin da akwai jin yunwa kullun.
Akwai karancin insulin a cikin yara, alamomin wandanda ke tattare dasu sakamakon cin zarafin mai. Musamman, ayyukan mai ƙiba ya karu, lipolysis yana ƙaruwa, kuma adadin mai mai yawa yana shiga cikin jini.
Hakanan ana haɓaka samarda NADP-H2, wanda ya wajaba don haɓakar kitse mai ƙoshin mai da cikakkiyar kawar da jikin ketone. Saboda haka, triglycerides da cholesterol sun fara girma a cikin manyan girma. Jin fitar numfashinsa yana maganin acetone.
Rashin insulin a cikin lura da ciwon sukari na yara yana haifar da haifar da wuce kima na P-lipoproteins a cikin hanta, an kuma samar da atherosclerosis, wanda ya haifar da hypercholesterolemia da hypertriglyceridemia.
Abubuwan da ke cikin mucopolysaccharides waɗanda ke cikin ƙwayar jini yayin lokacin da ake maganin cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na iya fada cikin membranes ɗin ƙasa, sararin samaniya, har zuwa cikin tsarin pericapillary sannan kuma ya zama hyaline.
Sakamakon hanyoyin bincike, canje-canje na ci gaba a cikin waɗannan gabobin:
- kudi
- zuciya
- hanta
- gabobin na gastrointestinal fili,
- kodan.
Tare da bayyanar raunin insulin, tarin tarin lactic acid yana faruwa a cikin tsokoki, wanda ke haifar da hyperlactacidemia, wanda ke ƙara acidosis.
Sakamakon karancin insulin a cikin lura da ciwon sukari, hargitsi a cikin ma'adinai da magudanan ruwa ya bayyana, wanda ke da alaƙa da hyperglycemia, glucosuria, da kuma ketoacidosis.
Sanadin cututtukan yara
Kafin haɓakar ciwon sukari a cikin yara, akwai lokacin latent na yanayin da ba mai dorewa ba. Iyaye baza su kula da gaskiyar cewa yaro yawanci yakan ziyarci bayan gida kuma yana shan ruwa mai yawa. Musamman waɗannan bayyanar ana lura da dare.
A halin yanzu, ba a fahimci abubuwan da ke haifar da ciwon sukari a cikin yara ba. Cutar na faruwa saboda:
- kwayoyin halittar jini
- hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri cututtuka
- immunological malfunctions.
Sau da yawa, ciwon sukari a cikin yara yana bayyana saboda kamuwa da kwayar cutar hoto, wanda ke da lahani a cikin ƙwayoyin cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta. Wannan sashin jiki shine yake samar da insulin. Mafi mummunar cutar sune irin waɗannan cututtukan:
- mumps - mumps,
- hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri
- naman kaza
- rubella.
Idan yaro ya kasance rubella, haɗarin ciwon sukari yana ƙaruwa da 20%. Idan babu halin kamuwa da cutar sankarar mama, cututtukan hoto ko bidiyo guda biyu ba za su sami sakamako masu illa ba.
Idan yaro yana da iyayen biyu da ke fama da cutar sankara, to ana iya gano cutar a yarinta. Idan an gano cutar a cikin 'yar'uwa ko ɗan'uwan yarinyar, yuwuwar rashin lafiya yana ƙaruwa da kusan 25%.
Ka tuna fa cewa rigakafin ƙwayoyin halitta ba tabbacin ciwon sukari bane. Iyalin da ya lalace bazai yiwu a watsa shi daga iyaye ba. Akwai lokuta idan ɗayan ɗayan biyu ne ke rashin lafiya.
Ciwon sukari mellitus na iya bayyana bayan irin waɗannan cututtuka:
- cututtukan kansa na kansar kansa,
- glomerulonephritis,
- lupus,
- hepatitis.
Za a iya haifar da ciwon sukari na 2 nau'in ta hanyar yawan wuce gona da iri da cin abinci masu lahani. A cikin manya da yara masu nauyin jiki na yau da kullun, cutar ta bayyana cikin ƙasa da yanayi 8 cikin 100.
Idan nauyin jikin mutum ya wuce kima, to kuwa matsalar kamuwa da cutar siga zata karu.
Matakan bincike
Bayyananniyar bayyanar cututtuka na ciwon sukari an tabbatar da su ta hanyar gwajin jini don sukari. Glucose na jini na yau da kullun yana cikin kewayon 3.3 - 5.5 mmol / L. haɓaka matakin sukari har zuwa 7.5 mmol / l ana lura da shi sau da yawa a cikin ƙwayar mellitus na latent.
Hankalin glucose na jini sama da wannan alamar yana nuna kasancewar ciwon sukari a cikin yara da manya.
Hakanan ana yin gwajin haƙuri na musamman akan haƙuri. Da farko dai, ana tantance matakin glucose a cikin jini akan komai a ciki. Sannan yara da manya sun sha g 75 na glucose da ruwa. Yara 'yan kasa da shekara 12 suna cinye 35 na glucose.
Bayan awanni biyu, ana yin gwajin jini na biyu daga yatsa. Hakanan za'a iya yin amfani da duban dan tayi ciki don yayi fitar da kumburi a cikin farji.
Farfesa
Kulawa da yara ana gudanar da shi ta hanyar likitan kwantar da hankali na yara, dangane da irin cutar. Tare da nau'in cuta na 1, sauyawa farji wajibi ne. Dole ne ya kasance insulin, wanda jiki ke buƙata saboda ƙarancin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta.
Yara da ke da rikitarwa koyaushe ya kamata su bi abinci na musamman. Yaron bai kamata ya kwana da abinci ba kuma ya ci ƙarancin sau 4-5 a rana.
Idan maganin ba ya jahiliyya ba ko kuma ba a zahiri ba, cutar rashin haihuwa na iya bunkasa. Ana yin sa a cikin rabin sa'a kuma yana da alamu masu zuwa:
- tsananin rauni
- reshe rawar jiki,
- nauyi gumi
- yunwa
- ciwon kai
- rage gani
- zuciya palpitations,
- amai da tashin zuciya.
A cikin yara da matasa, yanayi yana canzawa sau da yawa, yana iya zama mai baƙin ciki, ko m da juyayi. Idan ba a ba da magani ba, to babu isasshen halayyar, dubawa da kuma ganin abubuwan da ake gani, kazalika da haɗari mai haɗari - tsananin nutsuwa.
Yaron koyaushe yana da ɗan alewa cakulan tare da shi, wanda zai iya ci tare da gabatarwar babban adadin insulin fiye da yadda ya zama dole a yanzu. Ta haka ne, mutum zai iya hana gudawa. Koyaya, abincin yaro yakamata kada ya kasance a cikin carbohydrates.
Jiyya ga yara ya ƙunshi amfani da insulins-gajere, yawanci Protofan da Actrapid. Ana gudanar da magunguna ƙarƙashin ƙasa ta amfani da alƙalami mai siket. Irin wannan na'urar ta sa ya yiwu a sarari saita matakin da ake so. Sau da yawa yara suna jimre da gabatarwar miyagun ƙwayoyi akan kansu.
Ana bayar da ma'auni na yau da kullun na yawan sukarin jini tare da glucometer. Alamun wannan na'urar, har da abincin da aka cinye, ya kamata a lura dasu a cikin rubutattun bayanai na musamman.
Bayan haka, ana nuna diary din likita don yin lissafin yawan maganin da ake so. A cikin nau'in cuta ta 1, a cikin mawuyacin yanayi, an nuna ƙwayar cutar ta hanji. An haramta cin abinci mai cikakken ƙarfi.
Tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, lura ya ƙunshi tsananin riko da abinci na musamman. Masanin ilimin endocrinologist yayi cikakken bayani game da abinci mai gina jiki na yara masu ciwon sukari, ya danganta da shekarun su. Ana buƙatar cire gaba ɗaukar wadataccen ƙwayoyin carbohydrates mai sauƙi, misali:
- cakulan
- sukari
- gari kayayyakin.
Dole ne a lura da waɗannan shawarwarin don hana haɓakar haɓaka sukari na jini. Don magance wannan matsalar, yakamata a kula da sassan gurasar. Wannan rukunin yana nuna adadin samfurin da ya ƙunshi 12 g na carbohydrates, wanda ke ƙara matakin glucose a cikin jini ta 2.2 mmol / L.
A halin yanzu, a cikin ƙasashen Turai, kowane kayan abinci yana sanye take da alam tare da bayani game da raka'a gurasar. Manya da yara masu ciwon sukari suna iya samun abincin da ya dace don abincinsu.
Idan ba zai yiwu a zaɓi samfuran tare da irin wannan tasirin ba, kuna buƙatar amfani da tebur na musamman waɗanda ke nuna rukunin gurasar kowane samfurin. Idan yin amfani da tebur don kowane dalili ba zai yiwu ba, ya kamata ku raba adadin carbohydrates a cikin 100 g na samfurin ta hanyar 12. An lasafta wannan lambar akan nauyin samfurin da mutumin yayi niyyar cinyewa.
A wasu halaye, yara na iya fuskantar rashin lafiyan gida ga insulin a wurin allura. An nuna canji a cikin ƙwayoyi ko canji a gwargwadonsa.
Hadarin Ciwon sukari
Abubuwan da ke haifar da ciwon sukari a cikin yara an bayyana su cikin lalacewar tasoshin jini tare da sakamako wanda ba za'a iya juyawa ba. Misali, lalacewa ta jiragen ruwa na ido zai iya haifar da makanta cikakke, gazawar renal na faruwa ne sakamakon lalacewar tasoshin koda.
Sakamakon lalacewar tasoshin kwakwalwa, encephalopathy yana haɓaka.
Zai dace mu san cewa cutar ketoacidosis mai ciwon sikila ce mai haɗarin haɗari a cikin yara, muna magana ne game da cocin ketoacidotic. Bayyanar ketoacidosis ya kunshi bayyanar cututtuka:
- tashin zuciya
- amai
- mai rauni sosai
- mummunan numfashi
- rage cin abinci
- nutsuwa da rauni.
Idan babu ingantaccen matakan warkewa, to ketoacidosis a zahiri a cikin fewan develoan kwanaki na haɓaka zuwa cikin coma na ketoacidotic. Wannan halin ana iya saninsa ta hanyar rashin numfashi mara ƙarfi, bugun ƙarfi, rashin lafiyar jiki. Kuna iya magana game da coma na ketoacidotic tare da alamar nuna fiye da 20 mmol / l.
A wasu halaye, tare da yanayin da ba na al'ada ba ko na ci gaba na ciwon sukari a cikin yara, hyperosmolar ko lactic acid coma na iya bayyana.
Idan an kamu da cutar sukari a cikin ƙuruciya, to, zaku iya fuskantar:
- jijiya
- nephropathy
- ma'asumi
- kamawa
- atherosclerosis
- Ciwon zuciya,
- CRF,
- ciwon sukari microangiopathy.
Ciwon sukari mellitus a cikin yara, rikice-rikice wanda zai iya shafar kowane sashin jiki da tsarin jikin mutum, yana buƙatar abinci koyaushe da kuma kula da taro na glucose a cikin jini.
Duk magunguna da shawarwari na endocrinologist ya kamata a kiyaye su sosai.
Yin rigakafin
Ya kamata a aiwatar da rigakafin kamuwa da cutar siga a cikin yara daga farkon watannin rayuwar yaro. Daya daga cikin mahimman hanyoyin kariya shine shayar da yaro daga haihuwa zuwa shekara ta rayuwa. Wannan yana da matukar muhimmanci ga yara masu ƙarancin gado.
Gaurayawar daga wucin gadi na iya shafar aikin pancreas. Hakanan ya zama dole a yi wa yaro riga-kafi lokaci domin gujewa cututtukan da ke haifar da haɓakar kamuwa da cutar siga.
Tun daga ƙuruciya, yaro yana buƙatar sabawa da ka'idodi na rayuwa mai kyau:
- motsa jiki na yau da kullun
- lura da tsari na yini tare da cikakken bacci,
- wariya ga kowane mummunan halaye,
- hardening jiki
- ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki.
Lokacin da ake iya kamuwa da cutar sankarau a cikin yara, rigakafin ya haɗa har da:
- warewar sukari gwargwadon shekaru,
- kawar da cutarwa masu kara da dyes,
- hana amfani da abincin gwangwani.
Ba tare da gazawa ba, ya kamata a saka 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari a cikin abincin. Hakanan, lambar abinci 5 na yara na iya zama tushen tushen menu mai lafiya. Ya kamata a cire yanayi mai wahala kuma yakamata a samar da yanayin tunani mai ma'ana. Wajibi ne a gudanar da gwaje-gwaje na likita kuma a kowace shekara auna matakin sukari na jini ga yara masu ƙarancin gado. Kari akan haka, yakamata a kula da yawan nauyin.
A cikin bidiyon a cikin wannan labarin, likita zai ci gaba da bayyana taken rigakafin cutar sankara.
