Nau'in nau'in ciwon sukari na farko yana haɓaka da asalin lalata kwayoyin halitta daga sel waɗanda ke samar da insulin. Yawancin lokaci yana tasowa a cikin yara da matasa, yana da matsanancin farawa kuma ba tare da kulawar insulin ba na iya haifar da haɓakar sukari cikin sauri.
Nau'in na biyu na ciwon sukari yana faruwa sau da yawa a cikin tsofaffi waɗanda ke da kiba, ana nuna shi ta hanyar jinkirin bayyanar cututtuka, tun da insulin ya shiga cikin jini, amma hanta, tsoka, da tsotse nama sun zama marasa hankali a gare shi.
Babban alama ga nau'o'in cututtukan guda biyu shine hyperglycemia, ana amfani da matakin ƙarancin ƙarfinsa don tantance raunin cutar, tsinkayar cutar game da haɗarin rikice-rikice, da tasirin cutar a cikin jijiyoyin jini da jijiya.
Sugarara yawan sukarin jini
A yadda aka saba, insulin ne yake sarrafa kwararar glucose a cikin tantanin. Tare da karuwa a cikin abin da ke cikin jini, pancreas yana ƙara ɓoyewar ƙwayar hormone kuma matakin glycemia ya koma zuwa 3.3-5.5 mmol / l. Wannan kewayon yana samar da sel tare da kayan kuzari kuma ba shi da sakamako mai guba a jikin bangon bugun jini.
Bayan cin abinci, matakin sukari na iya ƙaruwa zuwa 7-8 mmol / l, amma bayan awanni 1.5-2, glucose ya shiga cikin sel kuma matakinsa ya ragu. A cikin ciwon sukari mellitus, insulin ya shiga cikin jini a cikin ƙarancin kuɗi ko kuma gaba ɗaya ba ya nan.
Wannan shine halayyar nau'in farko na ciwon sukari, kuma nau'in na 2 yana haɗuwa da rashi na rashin insulin, yayin da tsayayya da aikin sa ke tasowa. Sabili da haka, don ciwon sukari na mellitus, alama ce ta al'ada shine karuwa a cikin glucose mai azumi wanda ya wuce 7.8 mmol / l, kuma bayan cin abinci zai iya zama 11.1 mmol / l.
Bayyanar cututtuka na wannan cuta suna da alaƙa da gaskiyar cewa tare da ƙwayar cutar glycemia sama da 10 mmol / L, glucose ya shawo kan ƙofar mafitsara kuma ya fara ficewa daga jiki tare da fitsari. A lokaci guda, yana jan ruwa mai yawa, yana haifar da rashin ruwa. Don haka, yunwar ta ci gaba a cikin sel sakamakon gaskiyar cewa akwai karancin glucose da kuma karancin ruwa.
Alamomin kamuwa da cutar sankarau:
Thirstara yawan ƙishirwa.
- Volumeara yawan fitsari, yawan urination.
- Jin yunwa na yau da kullun.
- Janar rauni.
- Rage nauyi.
- Itching da bushe fata.
- Defensearancin kariya ta rigakafi.
Idan kullun jini yana ƙaruwa, to, a kan lokaci, glucose ya fara lalata bango na jirgin ruwa, yana haifar da angiopathy, wanda ke haifar da rauni na gudanawar jini a cikin manya da manyan tasoshin. Gudanarwa a cikin ƙwayoyin jijiya yana da illa.
Abubuwan da ke tattare da cutar sun tashi a cikin nau'i na polyneuropathy, retinopathy, ciwon sukari nephropathy, na jijiyoyin bugun gini atherosclerosis. Rashin lafiyar jijiyoyin jiki suna haifar da ischemia a cikin ƙwayar zuciya, kwakwalwa, da hauhawar jini. Duk waɗannan canje-canje na ilimin halittu na haɓaka sannu a hankali, daga shekaru da yawa zuwa shekaru goma.
Tushewar hankali a cikin glycemia yana haifar da rikice rikice. Idan sukari na jini ya kasance mm 21 /ol / L ko mafi girma, to yanayin precomatous na iya faruwa, yana juyawa zuwa coma mai cutar ketoacidotic ko hyperosmolar.
Idan ba a yi maganin ba, zai iya zama da m.
Dalilai na lalata cututtukan sukari
Dangane da rarrabuwar darajar cutar hyperglycemia, alamomi sama da mm 16 mmol / L suna nuni ne ga mummunan cutar, wanda akwai babban haɗarin haɓakar rikitar cutar sankara. Coma mai yawan motsa jiki yana da haɗari musamman ga tsofaffi, saboda suna haifar da sauri ga canje-canje na kwakwalwa.
Abunda ya faru yana da alaƙa da haɗarin cututtukan cututtukan zuciya, bala'i na jijiyoyin jiki - bugun zuciya ko bugun jini, yawan shan giya, raunin da ya sha, da magungunan hormonal. Sugar 21 mmol / L na iya faruwa tare da mummunan cin zarafin abinci, sashi mara kyau na insulin ko allunan rage sukari.
Nau'in ciwon sukari na Type 1 na farko zai iya bayyana tare da ketoacidotic coma, wannan rikitarwa ya fi yawa a cikin lokacin balaga, wani lokacin yana haifar da matsalolin tunani, tsoron karuwar nauyi ko harin hypoglycemic, dakatarwar da ba a ba da izini ba ta injections insulin, raguwa mai yawa a cikin aiki na jiki ba tare da daidaita yawan maganin ba.
Hanyar haɓakar ƙwayar cutar sankarau tana da alaƙa da aikin abubuwan da ke biyo baya:
- Rashin insulin.
- Releasearin sakin cortisol, glucagon, adrenaline.
- Increara yawan samarda glucose a cikin hanta.
- Rage yawan ciwan glucose daga cikin jini.
- Increasearuwar sukarin jini.
A cikin ketoacidosis na mai ciwon sukari, ana fitar da kitse mai kitse daga daskararrun mai da kuma oxidized a cikin hanta zuwa jikin ketone. Wannan yana haifar da karuwa a cikin abubuwan jininsu, wanda ke haifar da juyawa a cikin amsawa ga gefen acid, an kirkiro acidosis metabolic.
Idan insulin bai isa ya rage yawan hyperglycemia ba, amma yana iya murƙushe faɗuwar mai da samuwar ketones, to yanayin hyperosmolar yana faruwa.
Wannan hoton hoto ne mai kamuwa da cututtukan type 2.
Signsarin alamun rashin ma'amala mai zurfi
Haɓakar ƙwayar cuta na hyperosmolar na iya faruwa a cikin kwanaki da yawa ko ma makonni, kuma ketoacidosis a cikin nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 wani lokaci yakan faru a kowace rana. Duk waɗannan rikice-rikice suna haɗuwa tare da haɓakar hankali na polyuria, ƙishirwa, ci, nauyi, bushewar jiki, rauni mai ƙarfi, raguwar matsin lamba da asarar hankali.
Tare da ketoacidosis, hoton na asibiti yana haɓaka da zafin ciki, tashin zuciya da amai, ƙanshi na acetone a cikin iska mai iska, numfashi mai amo. Hyperosmolar coma yana haifar da karuwa a cikin alamun bayyanar cututtukan da ke kama da haɓaka mummunan haɗarin cerebrovascular: magana mai rauni, iyakance motsi da sassauci a cikin ƙarshen, raɗaɗi.
Idan daidaituwa ta faru da asalin cutar cututtukan ƙwayar cuta, to, zazzabi a cikin ciwon sukari ya ragu zuwa lambobi na al'ada. Hypothermia a cikin irin waɗannan halaye alama ce da ba ta dace da halin da ake ciki, tun da yake tana nuna ƙeta zurfin hanyoyin tafiyar matakai.
Bincike ta amfani da gwaje-gwaje na dakin gwaje-gwaje yana nuna irin wannan karkacewar:
- Ketoacidosis: leukocytosis, glucosuria, acetone a cikin fitsari da jini, electrolytes jini an canza dan kadan, amsawar jini acidic ce.
- Hyperosmolar jihar: babban digiri na hyperglycemia, babu jikin ketone a cikin jini da fitsari, jihar acid-base al'ada ce, hypernatremia.
Kari akan haka, electrocardiography, saka idanu akan karfin jini, gwajin X-ray, in an nuna, an tsara.
Jiyya na yanayin rashin lafiyar na mahaifa
Awararren masani ne kaɗai zai iya yanke shawarar dalilin da ya sa sukari jini ya kasance 21 da kuma abin da zai yi a irin waɗannan halayen. Sabili da haka, kuna buƙatar gaggawa tuntuɓi motar asibiti don asibiti. Ana kula da irin waɗannan marasa lafiya a cikin ɓangaren kulawa mai zurfi.
Idan babu alamun gazawar zuciya mai yawa, gabatarwar ruwa don dawo da ƙarar jini yana gudana daga mintuna na farko na bayyanar cutar. Don dropper, ana amfani da maganin physiological na sodium chloride a cikin kimanin kimanin 1 lita a awa daya.
Idan mara lafiyar yana da nakasa ko na aiki ko na zuciya, to jiko yayi da hankali. A cikin ranar farko, ana buƙatar sarrafawa game da 100-200 ml da 1 kg na nauyin jikin mai haƙuri.
Dokoki don insulin farfajiya na maganin cutar hawan jini (hyperglycemia):
- Gudanar da ciki, tare da sauyawa a hankali zuwa saba - subcutaneous.
- Ana amfani da magunguna na kera ta gajere.
- Allurai sun yi karanci, raguwar hauhawar jini ba ta wuce 5 mmol / l a awa daya.
- Ana gudanar da insulin a karkashin kula da potassium a cikin jini, raguwarsa ba ya halatta.
- Ko bayan tabbatar da kwantar da hankali a cikin nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, ana ci gaba da yin insulin a asibiti.
Tare da gabatarwar insulin da saline, an tsara marasa lafiya mafita wanda ke dauke da potassium, ana yin maganin rigakafi a gaban kamuwa da cuta ko kwayar cutar da ake zargi da pyelonephritis, cututtukan fata da ke fama da cutar sankara (ciwon sukari ƙafa), ciwon huhu. Tare da rikicewar yanayin wurare dabam dabam, ana bada shawarar shirye-shiryen jijiyoyin bugun gini.
Abubuwan da ke faruwa na rashin ciwon sukari sun haɗa da rage yawan glucose jini da matakan potassium, tare da raguwa mai yawa a cikin sukari, ƙwayar cerebral na iya haɓaka.
Cututtukan hana ciwon sukari
Don hana haɓakar ƙwayar cuta, gano lokaci na maganin rashin ƙarfi da daidaita suturar insulin ko allunan don rage sukari suna da muhimmanci. A cikin abincin, ya zama dole don iyakance yawan abubuwan da ke cikin carbohydrates da kitsen dabbobi, shan isasshen ruwa mai tsabta, rage yawan shayi da kofi, diuretics.
A nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari, dole ne a ɗauka cikin zuciya cewa ba za a iya cire insulin ba ko kuma an tsallake gudanar da aikinsa a kowane yanayi. Marasa lafiya da ke da nau'in cuta ta biyu da kuma ƙarancin diyya ta hanyar shan kwayoyin ana ba da shawarar ƙarin insulin.
Wannan na iya zama dole lokacin da ake shiga tare da wani cuta ko wasu cututtukan concomitant. Ana amfani da kashi da nau'in insulin ne kawai daga likitan da ke halartar karkashin kulawa na sukari na jini akai-akai. Don tantance nau'in maganin, ana yin bayanin martaba na glycemic, glycated hemoglobin, da kuma rawar jinsi.
Ana ba da bayani game da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta mai lalacewa a cikin bidiyon a cikin wannan labarin.
