Atherosclerosis cuta ce mai taushi, ta ci gaba a jiki wanda tasasshen kwalakwai yana tarawa a bango na jijiyoyin jiki kuma ya samar da masalaha.
Rage abubuwa daban-daban akan wani abin kwanciyar hankali yana haifar da kumburi mai kauri a cikin jirgin ruwa, katange katangar jikinta da toshe bakin ta.
Dalili na ƙarshe yana da mahimmanci, saboda rarrabuwar ƙwayar jijiyoyin jiki yana haifar da rikicewar jini da ischemia (rashin isashshen oxygen) na gabobin da ke dacewa.
Babban gabobin da suke fama da wannan sune kwakwalwa, zuciya, kodan, hanji da kuma gabobi guda.
Sanadin cutar
Haɓaka atherosclerosis na iya ba da gudummawa ga dalilai da yawa. A halin yanzu, bincike ba ya dogara da tushen abubuwan da ke haifar da ci gaban cutar ba. Masu binciken sun gano dalilai da yawa wadanda zasu iya tayar da bayyanar rashin lafiya.
Daga cikinsu, abubuwan da ke tattare da hadarin an kebe su musamman:
- Yawan kwayoyin halittar jini - abin da ke faruwa a lokacin dangi shine kusancin lokaci ana lura dashi. Wannan ana kiranta "tarihin nauyin iyali";
- Kiba mai yawa - ba shi da amfani ga kowa ya ƙara kilo, kuma ga atherosclerosis kawai yanayin ne mai girma, tun da kiba ya lalata duk nau'ikan metabolism, gami da maganin narkewar abinci;
- Abuse da giya - yana cutar da duk gabobin jini da jijiyoyin jini, sannu a hankali suke canza tsarin su;
- Shan taba - nicotine yana da mummunar tasiri a cikin huhu, yana ƙaruwa izuwa bango na jijiyoyin bugun gini, yana sa ya zama mai jan baki kuma mara ƙarfi;
- Maza suna fara ganin alamun farko na atherosclerosis a matsakaicin shekaru 10 da suka gabata fiye da mata, kuma suna rashin lafiya sau hudu sau da yawa;
- Shekaru - yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ci gaban cutar, saboda bayan shekaru 40 jiki ya zama mai saurin kamuwa da cututtukan cututtukan cuta;
- Cutar sankara (mellitus) wataƙila ɗayan dalilai ne masu haɗari, saboda ciwon sukari yana haɓaka lalacewar ƙananan jiragen ruwa (micro- da macroangiopathy), wanda kawai ke ba da gudummawa ga kwalliyar filayen atherosclerotic a cikin bangon su;
- Rayuwar Sedentary - tare da karamin adadin aikin jiki, kowane mutum sannu a hankali ya fara samun nauyi, sannan an riga an san tsarin;
- Duk wani take hakkin metabolism, musamman - raguwa a cikin yawan ƙwayar lipoproteins mai yawa, waɗanda suke "mai kyau", ba ƙwaƙwalwar atherogenic ba;
- Maganin cutar ta metabolism wani suna ne da aka kirkira don irin wannan bayyanar kamar hauhawar jini, matsakaicin nau'in kiba (yawancin adon mai a cikin ciki), babban triglycerides da kuma rashin haƙuri na glucose (na iya zama cikas ga ciwon sukari mellitus);
- M damuwa akai-akai, gogewa, nauyin rai - saboda su, yawanci yawanci yana ƙaruwa, kuma jiragen ruwa, bi da bi, suna fuskantar matsananciyar motsawa.
Ya kamata a lura daban cewa a gaban waɗannan cututtukan masu zuwa, atherosclerosis ya ci gaba tare da hoton asibiti kuma yana da wuya.
Irin wadannan cututtukan sune kamar haka:
- Ciwon sukari mellitus;
- Hawan jini;
- Kiba
- Cutar Raynaud;
- Firamillation na atrial;
Bugu da kari, wannan rukuni na cututtuka sun hada da lahani na tsarin zuciya.
Alamomin halayen atherosclerosis
Alamun asibiti na atherosclerosis sun dogara da farko a wurin da aka ajiye abubuwan kwanciyar jini na atherosclerotic, wato, wanda jirgin ruwa ya lalace. A jikin mutum, likitoci suna haɓaka haɓakar cutar a cikin yankuna da ke sarari. Manyan jiragen ruwa da na matsakaici da ke da ƙwayar tsoka mai santsi suna da saurin kamuwa da cutar.
Wadannan tasoshin a jiki sune:
- Jijiyoyin jini na jijiyoyin jini.
- Aorta.
- Jirgin ruwa.
- Maganin ƙwaƙwalwa (ko mesenteric).
- Hanyoyin hannu
- Arteries na ƙananan ƙarshen.
Kowane ɗayan nau'ikan jiragen ruwa suna da halaye na kansu a cikin tsarin halittar mutum.
Abubuwan da ke tattare da tsarin tsinkaye suna da tasirin gaske a kan cutar da kuma manyan abubuwan da take bayyana a jikin mutum, wanda ya sami canjin yanayin rayuwa.
Ya danganta da wane jirgi ke shafar, an rarrabe nau'ikan cututtukan cututtukan cuta, waɗanda suka bambanta da bayyanar alamun alamun halayen haɓaka a cikin aikin ci gaba.
Halayen jijiyoyin jiki da alamun halayyar atherosclerosis
Aikin jijiyoyin jini - suna ɗaukar jini mai wadatar jini zuwa zuciya. Lokacin da suka lalace, myocardium baya karɓar isasshen oxygen, kuma wannan na iya bayyana kanta a cikin halayen halayen angina.
Angina pectoris alama ce ta kai tsaye daga cututtukan zuciya na zuciya (CHD), wanda marasa lafiya ke jin zafin konewa, jin zafi a bayan mafitsara, gajeriyar numfashi da tsoron mutuwa. Ana kiran angina pectoris angina pectoris.
Irin waɗannan alamu galibi suna faruwa yayin ƙoƙari na jiki na ƙaruwa daban-daban, duk da haka, tare da matakai masu gudana mai ƙarfi, zasu iya tayar da hankali a hutawa. Sannan ana gano su da hutun angina pectoris. Lalacewa mai ɗorewa a cikin jijiya zai iya haifar da infarction na myocardial - necrosis na "necrosis" na rukunin mahaifa. Abin takaici, a kusan rabin lokuta, ciwon zuciya na iya haifar da mutuwa.
Aorta - Mafi yawan cututtukan da ke addabar aortic. A wannan yanayin, gunaguni na marasa lafiya na iya zama mara ma'ana, alal misali, farin ciki, rauni a gaba ɗaya, wani lokacin ƙyau, ɗan ƙaramin ciwon kirji.
Cerebral arteries (tasoshin cerebral) - yana da alamun bayyanar cututtuka. Marasa lafiya suna cikin damuwa da raunin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, suna zama mai taɓa taɓawa, yanayin su yakan canza. Wataƙila ciwon kai da haɗarin kumburi na jijiyoyin wuya (tasirin cutar iskemic na wani lokaci). Ga irin waɗannan marasa lafiya, alamar Ribot halayyar mutum ce: za su iya dogara da tunanin abin da ya faru shekaru goma da suka gabata, amma kusan ba zai iya faɗi abin da ya faru kwana ɗaya ko biyu da suka wuce ba. Sakamakon irin wannan cin zarafin ba shi da kyau - bugun jini na iya tasowa (mutuwar ɓangaren kwakwalwa).
Maganin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa (ko mesenteric) - a wannan yanayin, tasirin tasoshin da ke wucewa ta cikin hanji yana shafa. Irin wannan tsari yana da wuya. Mutane za su damu da ƙone zafi a cikin ciki, raunin narkewa (maƙarƙashiya ko zawo). Wani mummunan sakamako na iya zama bugun zuciya na hanji, daga baya kuma garkuwar gaba.
Hanyoyin koda na koda shine tsari mai wahala. Da farko dai, marasa lafiya sun fara kara matsa lamba, kuma kusan ba shi yiwuwa a rage shi da taimakon magunguna. Wannan shine ake kira renal (sakandare, Symptomatic) hauhawar jini. Hakanan za'a iya jin zafi a cikin yankin lumbar, ƙananan rikicewa a cikin urination. Tsarin aiki mai yawa na iya haifar da ci gaban lalacewa na koda.
Arteries na ƙananan ƙarshen - waɗannan sun haɗa da farancin, popliteal, tibial da arteries na ƙafafun baya. Yawancin atherosclerosis din nasu shine kan gushe, wato, rufe bakin jirgin.
Alamar farko ita ce cutar “ta wucin gadi” - marasa lafiya ba za su iya yin tafiya ba tare da tsayawa ba. Yawancin lokaci dole ne su tsaya saboda suna yin korafi game da ƙarancin ƙafa da kafafu, jin ƙonewa a cikinsu, fatar fata ko ma cyanosis, ji na "ƙwanƙwasa gusa". Amma ga sauran koke-koke, yawan rikicewar gashi a kafafu, bakin fata, bayyanar cututtukan cututtukan trophic marasa warkarwa, canji a siffar da launi na kusoshi.
Duk wata ƙarancin lalacewar fata na haifar da cututtukan trophic, wanda daga baya zai iya zama cikin gangrene. Wannan yana da haɗari musamman ga masu ciwon sukari, sabili da haka ana ba da shawarar sosai cewa su kula da ƙafafunsu, su sa takalmin da ba su shafa ba, kar su cika ƙafafunsu kuma su kula da su sosai.
Hakanan za'a iya dakatar da jijiyoyin jijiyoyin da ƙananan jijiyoyin ƙananan sassan na iya ɓacewa.
Sharuɗɗan bincike don atherosclerosis
Bayyanar cututtuka na atherosclerosis yana dogara ne akan ma'auni da yawa. Da farko dai, ana kimanta koke-koken marasa lafiya, kuma dogaro da su, mutum zai iya yin tunanin inda canje-canje ya faru ne. Don tabbatar da ganewar asali, an tsara hanyoyin yin bincike da kayan aiki.
Daga cikin hanyoyin bincike na dakin gwaje-gwaje, an gwammace gwajin jini na kwayoyin, wanda zai tantance matakin jimlar cholesterol. Sau da yawa tare da atherosclerosis, za a ƙara ƙaruwa. Matsakaicin tasirin cholesterol shine 2.8-5.2 mmol / L. Don samun cikakken bayanai game da abin da ya kunsa na jini, an tsara bayanin martaba na lipid. Yana nuna matakan dukkan nau'ikan abubuwan shan lemu a jikin mu:
- jimlar cholesterol;
- low lipoproteins mai yawa ("mummunan" cholesterol);
- raguwar wadataccen lipoproteins;
- matsakaici mai yawa na lipoproteins;
- babban lipoproteins mai yawa (cholesterol "mai kyau");
- triglycerides;
- Chylomicrons.
Canje-canje na yau da kullun a cikin bayanan furotin shine karuwa a matakin ƙara yawan lipoproteins mai yawa da raguwa a yawan adadin kuzarin mai yawa.
Don ƙarin daidaitaccen hangen nesa na marasa lafiya, ana aika su don angiography (gwajin jijiyoyin bugun jini tare da gabatarwar daidaitaccen matsakaici), duban dan tayi, ƙididdigar tomography (CT) da kuma tasirin maganadisu (MRI).
Wadannan hanyoyin suna ba ku damar ganin kasancewar canje-canje iri-iri a tsarin tsarin tasoshin jini, ƙayyade matakin ƙirar su (ɓatacciyar hanya) da hana ƙarin lalacewa.
Dabarar warkewa don atherosclerosis
Kulawa da atherosclerosis tsari ne mai tsawo da aiki.
Gudanar da ilmin likita yana buƙatar dogon wahami daga mai haƙuri da likitan da yake halarta.
Kulawa da cutar tana buƙatar bayyananniyar matakai da kuma haɗaɗɗiyar hanya.
A kan aiwatar da farji ana amfani:
- Magungunan magani.
- Abincin far.
- Aiki na jiki.
- Amfani da magungunan jama'a (na ganin dama).
- Yin rigakafin yaduwar aiwatar da aikin.
Yin magani na atherosclerosis ya ƙunshi yin amfani da magungunan rage ƙwayar lipid (rage matakin lipids, musamman maƙarƙashiya).
Waɗannan rukuni ne na magunguna kamar Statins (Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin, Akorta), Fibrates (Fenofibrate, Besofibrate), reshen musayar anion (Cholestyramine, Colestipol) da shirye-shiryen acid na nicotinic (Nicotinamide, Vitamin B3).
Zai fi kyau a sha magunguna kafin lokacin bacci, tun da yawancin ƙwayar cholesterol ne yake samar da jikin mu da dare. Hakanan ana ba da shawarar amfani da hadaddun bitamin, ma'adanai da abubuwan abubuwan ganowa, wanda zai taimaka inganta hawan jini da rage rikice-rikice. Antispasmodics (Papaverine, No-Shpa), wanda ke lalata tasoshin jini, yana aiki da kyau.
Abincin da ke cikin cholesterol mai tsayi yana ba da kariya ga abincin da aka sha, gishirin, abinci mai soyayyen abinci, kowane abinci mai sauri, Sweets, gishiri mai yawa, ganyayyaki, mai mai. Madadin haka, ana bada shawara a ci karin kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itace sabo, berries daban-daban, nama mai ƙanƙan da mai, abincin teku kuma a sha aƙalla lita ɗaya da rabi na tsarkakakken ruwa kowace rana.
Yin aiki na jiki ya zama dole don asarar nauyi da ƙarfafa ƙarfin jiki gaba ɗaya. Wuce kima abu ne mai haɗarin kai tsaye don ci gaban ciwon sukari na 2, wanda jiragen ruwa ke wahala, har ma da cutar atherosclerotic rauni ba zai yi musu wani amfani ba. A wannan yanayin, ana bada shawarar yin tafiya yau da kullun don akalla rabin sa'a a rana. Kuna iya yin jogs ɗin haske, ba motsa jiki mai tsananin ƙarfi ba, kamar motsawar haske.
Magunguna na mutane suna da kyau sosai don jiyya a gida. Zai iya zama ƙoshin flax, man linse, infusions da kayan ƙyalli daga ganyayyaki daban-daban. Logarin abubuwan da ake amfani da shi na kayan aiki (kayan abinci) kuma sun dace.
Yin rigakafin cutar atherosclerosis shine hana ci gaba da cutar. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar barin kyawawan halaye (shan giya da shan sigari), da tsari shiga cikin wasanni, bi abin da ake ci kuma ku kasance masu rashin damuwa.
An tattauna pathogenesis na atherosclerosis a cikin bidiyon a cikin wannan labarin.
