Etiology da pathogenesis na ciwon sukari nau'in 1 da 2

Cutar sankarau, koda yake sunanta, rayuwar mutum baya jin daɗi. Wannan ra'ayin ba sabon abu bane kuma baya yin kirkirar asali.

Akasin haka, rashin lafiya na sukari yana sanya tsaurara da tausasawa ga yanayin rayuwar mai haƙuri.

Amma wannan ba dalili bane don yanke ƙauna. Aaya daga cikin uku na biliyan duniya mazaunan duniyar da suka sani da farko game da wannan cutar, ba masu rauni ba, suna adawa da hakan. Ba wai kawai sun yi imani da bege kawai ba, har ma sun yi niyya don kayar da wannan cuta mai raunin ji.

Duk da haka, bari mu gano wane irin cuta ne - ciwon sukari.

Iri Cutar Suga

An fahimci ilimin etiology na ciwon sukari kuma, gabaɗaya, ana iya bayyana shi kamar haka. Lokacin da matsalolin cututtukan cututtukan cuta suka taso tare da tsarin endocrine, sakamakon abin da ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta daina amfani da insulin, wanda ke da alhakin amfani da carbohydrates, ko akasin haka, ƙwayar ba ta amsa “taimako” daga jikinta ba, likitoci sun ba da rahoton farkon wannan mummunan cutar.

Saboda waɗannan canje-canje, sukari ya fara tarawa cikin jini, yana ƙaruwa da "abubuwan da ke cikin sukari". Nan da nan ba tare da yaudarar ba, sai a kunna wani mummunan lamarin - rashin ruwa a jiki. Tissues ba su iya riƙe ruwa a sel kuma kodan suna fitar da sukari mai ɗorewa a cikin fitsari daga jiki. Yi haƙuri, don irin wannan fassarar kyauta ta tsari - wannan don mafi kyawun fahimta ne.

Af, yana kan wannan tushen a tsohuwar kasar Sin cewa an gano wannan cuta ta hanyar barin tururuwa zuwa fitsari.

Mai karatu mai jahilci na iya samun tambaya ta zahiri: me yasa yake da haɗari cutar cututtukan sukari, sun ce, lafiya, jini ya zama mai daɗi, menene wannan?

Da farko, ciwon sukari yana da haɗari ga rikice-rikicen da ke haifar da shi. Lallai akwai lalacewar idanu, kodan, kasusuwa da gidajen abinci, kwakwalwa, da mutuwar kasusuwa na sama da na baya.

A wata kalma - wannan shine mafi ƙaran makiyi ba kawai ga mutum ba, har ma na mutane, idan muka sake komawa ƙididdiga.

Magunguna sun rarraba ciwon sukari zuwa nau'ikan biyu (nau'ikan):

1. Dogarowar insulin - nau'in 1. Cwafin da yake da shi shine yaduwar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, wanda, saboda cutar ta, ba shi da ikon samar da isasshen insulin don jiki.
2. Type-insulin-mai zaman kanta nau'in 2. Anan tsarin juyi yana da halayyar - ana samar da hormone (insulin) a cikin wadataccen girma, duk da haka, saboda wasu yanayi, ƙirar ba ta iya amsawa da kyau.

Ya kamata a lura cewa nau'in na biyu ya bayyana a 75% na marasa lafiya. Yawancin lokaci suna rashin lafiya na tsofaffi da tsofaffi. Nau'i na farko, akasin haka, ba ya yaye yara da matasa.

Sanadin Type 1 Ciwon sukari

Wannan nau'in ciwon sukari, wanda kuma ake kira da ciwon sukari na yara, shine mafi ƙiyayya maƙiyan matasa, saboda galibi yakan bayyana kansa kafin ya cika shekaru 30. Ana yin nazarin etiology da pathogenesis na nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 a ci gaba. Wasu masana kimiyyar likitanci sun yi imani da cewa sanadin wannan cutar tana cikin ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke haifar da abin da ya faru na kyanda, rubella, chickenpox, mumps, hepatitis, da kuma ƙwayar Coxsackie na hanji.

Menene ke faruwa a waɗannan halayen a cikin jiki?

Cututtukan da ke sama sun sami damar shafar fitsarin da abubuwan da ke tattare da su - β-sel. Latterarshen yana dakatar da samar da insulin a cikin adadin wanda ya cancanci tafiyar matakai.

Masana kimiyya sun gano mahimman abubuwan etiological na ciwon sukari a cikin yara:

• tsawan zafin jiki na tsawan lokaci: yawan zafi da hauhawar jini;
• yawan wuce haddi na sunadarai;
• dabi'ar gado.

Mai kisan sukari ba ya nuna ainihin "mummunan" nan da nan, amma bayan yawancin sun mutu - 80% na sel waɗanda ke gudanar da aikin insulin.

Tsarin pathogenesis na ciwon sukari mellitus ko yanayin (algorithm) na haɓakar cutar halayyar yawancin marasa lafiya kuma yana shafar dangantakar sakamako na yau da kullun:

1. Tivationarfafa kwayoyin halitta don haɓakar cutar.
2. Jin haushin-tunani. Haka kuma, mutanen da ke da haushi suna iya zama garkuwa da cutar sakamakon yanayin rashin kwanciyar hankali na yau da kullun a cikin jirgin sama na tunani.
3. Insulin wani tsari ne mai kumburi daga yankuna na farji da kuma maye gurbi na sel-..
4. Samuwar kwayoyin cututtukan cytotoxic (kisa), wanda ke hanawa sannan kuma ya toshe amsawar jikin mutum, yana dagula tsarin aikin rayuwa gaba daya.
5. Necrosis (mutuwa) na β-sel da kuma bayyanannun bayyanannun alamun cutar sankarau.

Bidiyo daga Dr. Komarovsky:

Nau'in Abubuwan Rashin Cutar Rashin Cutar 2

Abubuwan da suka haifar da haɓaka nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, ba kamar na farkon ba, raguwa ne ko rashin tsinkaye ta hanyar ƙwayayen da ke haifar da insulin.

A sauƙaƙe: don rushewar sukari a cikin jini, ƙwayoyin β-sel suna samar da isasshen adadin wannan ƙwayar, duk da haka, gabobin da ke cikin aikin metabolism, saboda dalilai daban-daban, ba sa "ganin" kuma ba sa "jin" shi.

Wannan yanayin ana kiransa jurewar insulin ko ragewar jijiyar nama.

Medicine yayi la'akari da abubuwan da ke gaba na marasa kyau azaman dalilai masu haɗari:

1. Halittar jini. Isticsididdiga ta nace "kashi 10% na mutanen da ke da masu ciwon sukari iri 2 a cikin haɗarinsu na haɗarin sake cika matsayin masu haƙuri.
2. Kiba. Wannan watakila dalilin yanke hukunci ne wanda ke taimaka wa samun wannan cutar a hanzarta hanzartawa. Me zai gamsar? Komai yana da sauki - saboda lokacin farin ciki mai kauri, kyallen takarda sun daina shan insulin, haka kuma, basu “gani” ba kwata-kwata!
3. Take hakkin abinci. Wannan mahimmancin "igiyar tsumma" tana hade da wanda ya gabata. Indefatigable zhor, ana iya ɗanɗano shi tare da adadin gari mai laushi, mai daɗi, mai yaji da ƙoshinsa, ba wai kawai yana ba da gudummawar nauyi ba, amma yana jin ƙyamar azaba.
4. Cutar zuciya. Irin waɗannan cututtukan kamar atherosclerosis, hauhawar jini, cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini suna ba da gudummawa ga rashin tsinkayewar insulin a matakin salula.
5. Danniya da kuma ci gaba ganiya damuwa jijiya. A wannan lokacin, sakin karfi na catecholamines a cikin nau'i na adrenaline da norepinephrine yana faruwa, wanda, bi da bi, yana ƙaruwa da sukarin jini.
6. Hypocorticism. Wannan dattijo ne na rayuwa adrtal cortex.

Ana iya bayanin pathogenesis na nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 a matsayin jerin cututtukan cuta na hanji (heterogeneous) da aka bayyana yayin aiwatar da aiki na rayuwa (metabolic) a cikin jiki. Tushen, kamar yadda aka jaddada a baya, shine jurewar insulin, wato, rashin fahimta ta hanyar ƙirar insulin da aka yi niyya don amfani da glucose.

Sakamakon haka, ana lura da rashin daidaituwa sosai tsakanin ƙonewar (samarwa) na insulin da tsinkaye (tsinkaye) ta kyallen takarda.

Ta amfani da misali mai sauƙi, ta amfani da sharuɗɗan kimiyya, abin da ke faruwa ana iya bayanin su kamar haka. A cikin ingantaccen tsari, ƙwayar jijiya, "gani" cewa akwai karuwa a cikin sukari na jini, tare da β-sel suna haifar da insulin kuma suna jefa shi cikin jini. Wannan na faruwa ne a lokacin da ake kira da farko (azumin) lokaci.

Wannan lokaci ba ya cikin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, saboda glandan "bai gani" buƙatar ƙarni na insulin ba, sun faɗi dalilin da ya sa, ya riga ya kasance. Amma matsalar ta ta'allaka ne akan cewa komawar baya baya faruwa, matakin sukari baya raguwa, tunda kashin baya hade hanyar raba shi.

Ragewa ko kashi na biyu na ɓoye ya faru a yanzu a matsayin amsawa ga hyperglycemia. A cikin yanayin tonic (akai-akai), samar da insulin yana faruwa, duk da haka, duk da wuce haddi na hormone, rage sukari baya faruwa saboda sanannen dalili. Yana maimaitawa ba iyaka.

Bidiyo daga Dr. Malysheva:

Musanya rikice-rikice

Yin la'akari da etiopathogenesis na nau'in 1 da nau'in 2 na ciwon sukari na mellitus, dangantakar da ke haifar da tasirinsa, hakika zai kai ga nazarin abubuwan da ke faruwa a matsayin tashin hankali na rayuwa, wanda ke inganta yanayin cutar.

Zai dace a lura cewa nan da nan ba a kula da cin zarafin kansu tare da allunan kawai. Zasu buƙaci canje-canje a cikin rayuwar gabaɗaya: abinci mai gina jiki, damuwa ta jiki da tausayawa.

Fat metabolism

Akasin mashahurin mashahuri game da hatsarori na mai, yana da daraja a lura cewa kitse sune tushen kuzari ga tsokoki, ƙwayoyin hanta.

Da yake magana game da jituwa da wa'azin kalma - duk abin da ya kamata ya kasance cikin matsakaici, dole ne a jaddada cewa karkacewa da ƙa'idar yawan kitsen mai, a bangare ɗaya ko wata, daidai yake cutarwa ga jiki.

Rashin hankalin halayyar mai mai:

1. Kiba. Ka'idar tara kitse a kyallen takarda: ga maza - 20%, ga mata - har zuwa 30%. Duk abin da ke sama shine ilimin cuta. Kiba kiba ce kofa a bude domin haɓakar cututtukan zuciya da hawan jini, hauhawar jini, cututtukan sukari, zazzabin atherosclerosis.
2. Cachexia (ci). Wannan wani yanayi ne wanda yawan kitse a cikin jiki yake kasa da al'ada. Abubuwan dake haifar da gajiya na iya zama daban: daga tsawancin abinci na karancin kalori, zuwa cututtukan hormonal, kamar karancin glucocorticoids, insulin, somatostatin.
3. Dyslipoproteinemia. Wannan cuta ta haifar da rashin daidaituwa a daidai gwargwado tsakanin yawancin fats da ke cikin plasma. Dyslipoproteinemia wani yanki ne mai gamsarwa ga cututtuka irin su cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, kumburi da hanji, atherosclerosis.

Tsarin rayuwa da makamashi

Sunadarai, fats, carbohydrates - wannan nau'in man fetur ne don injin kuzarin dukkanin kwayoyin. Lokacin da jiki ya kasance mai maye tare da samfuran lalata saboda cututtukan cututtuka daban-daban, ciki har da cututtukan glandar adrenal, pancreas da glandar thyroid, rashin lafiyar makamashi na faruwa a jiki.

Yaya za a tantance kuma a wace hanya ce don bayyana ƙimar yawan kuzari na kuzari don tallafin rayuwar ɗan adam?

Masana kimiyya sun gabatar da irin wannan abu a matsayin metabolism na asali, wanda a aikace yana nufin adadin kuzarin da ake buƙata don aikin jiki na yau da kullun tare da matakan metabolism.

A cikin kalmomi masu sauƙi da fahimta, ana iya bayanin wannan kamar haka: ilimin kimiyya ya ce mutumin da ke da lafiya tare da yanayin al'ada yana yin nauyin kilo 70 a cikin komai a ciki, a kwance, tare da cikakkiyar nutsuwa da tsokoki da zafin jiki na 18 ° C, yana buƙatar 1700 kcal / rana don kula da duk mahimman ayyukan .

Idan ana aiwatar da babban musayar ne tare da karkacewa na ± 15%, to wannan ana la'akari da shi a cikin kewayon al'ada, in ba haka ba gano cutar.

Ilimin halin dan Adam wanda ya tsokani haɓakar metabolism:

• hyperthyroidism, cututtukan thyroid na kullum;
• hyperactivity na m jijiyoyi;
• karuwar samar da norepinephrine da adrenaline;
• functionara yawan aikin gonads.

Rage yawan sikari na yau da kullun na iya haifar da matsananciyar yunwar, wanda hakan na iya tsokanar daskarar da cututtukan hanji da na kansa.

Musayar ruwa

Ruwa muhimmi ne ga tsarin rayuwa. Matsayi da mahimmancinsa a matsayin ingantaccen “abin hawa” na abubuwan da ke tattare da kwayoyin halitta, da ingantaccen rushe matsakaici da halayen halaye na yau da kullun ba za a iya wuce gona da iri ba.

Amma a nan, da yake magana game da daidaito da jituwa, yana da kyau a nanata cewa duka yalwarta da rashi duka suna cutar jiki.

Tare da ciwon sukari, rikice-rikice a cikin hanyoyin musanya musayar ruwa mai yiwuwa ne a bangare guda kuma a daya shugabanci:

1. Fitsari yana faruwa ne sakamakon azumin da aka tsawwala da kuma yawan raunin ruwa sakamakon ayyukan koda a cikin cutar sankara.
2. A wata hanyar kuma, lokacin da kodan bazai iya jure wa ayyukan da aka sanya musu ba, akwai tara ruwa sosai a cikin sararin samaniya da kuma hanyoyin caji na jiki. Wannan yanayin ana kiranta hyperosmolar hyperhydration.

Don dawo da ma'aunin acid-base, ta da matakan tafiyar matakai da dawo da yanayin ruwa mai kyau, likitoci sun bada shawarar shan ruwan ma'adinai.

Mafi kyawun ruwa daga ma'adanai na asali:

• Borjomi
• Essentuki;
• Mirgorod;
• Pyatigorsk;
• Istisu;
• Berezovsky ruwa mai hatsi.

Carbohydrate metabolism

Mafi yawan nau'ikan rikice-rikice na rayuwa sune hypoglycemia da hyperglycemia.

Sunaye masu alaƙa suna da bambance-bambance na asali:

1. Hypoglycemia. Wannan wani yanayi ne wanda matakan glucose na jini suke da ƙasa ƙasa da na al'ada. Sanadin cututtukan hypoglycemia na iya zama narkewa, saboda hargitsi a cikin hanyar rushewa da kuma narkewar carbohydrates. Amma ba wai kawai wannan dalilin zai iya zama ba. Pathology na hanta, kodan, glandar thyroid, glandon adrenal, kazalika da rage cin abinci a cikin carbohydrates na iya haifar da raguwar sukari zuwa matakin mai mahimmanci.
2. Hyperglycemia. Wannan halin shine ainihin kishiyar abin da ke sama lokacin da sukari ya cika girma sama da na al'ada. Etiology na hyperglycemia: abinci, damuwa, ciwace-ciwacen daji na adrenal cortex, tumo na adrenal medulla (pheochromocytoma), haɓaka ƙwayoyin cuta na glandar thyroid (hyperthyroidism), gazawar hanta.

Kwayar cuta ta rikice-rikice na ayyukan carbohydrate a cikin ciwon sukari

Rage carbohydrates:

• rashin tausayi, bacin rai;
• asarar nauyi mara nauyi;
• rauni, farin ciki, bacci;
• ketoacidosis, yanayin da sel suke buƙatar glucose amma kar a same shi saboda wasu dalilai.

Increasedarin adadin carbohydrates:

• hawan jini;
• rashin ƙarfi
• matsaloli tare da tsarin zuciya;
• jikin rawar jiki - sauri, rhythmic rawar jiki na jiki hade da rashin daidaituwa na tsarin juyayi.

Cututtukan da ke haifar da cin zarafin metabolism:

Magungunan hukuma suna da'awar cewa nau'in 1 da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 ba za'a iya magance su baki daya ba. Amma godiya ga kulawa da kullun game da yanayin lafiyarsa, da kuma yin amfani da maganin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, cutar a cikin ci gabarta za ta ragu sosai wanda zai ba mai haƙuri damar jin ƙarancin iyakance a cikin hangen nesa na farin ciki na yau da kullun kuma ya rayu cikakken rayuwa.