Rarraba shirye-shiryen insulin

Insulin muhimmin hormone ne wanda gungun mahaukatan kwayoyin halittu suka samar a cikin wutsiyarsa. Babban aikin abu mai aiki shine sarrafa hanyoyin rayuwa ta hanyar daidaita matakin glucose a cikin jini. Rashin narkewar ƙwayar hormone, wanda ke haifar da matakan sukari ya tashi, ana kiran shi ciwon sukari. Mutanen da ke fama da wannan cuta suna buƙatar maganin warkewa koyaushe da kuma gyara abinci.

Tun da matakin hormone a cikin jiki bai isa ya jimre wa ayyukan ba, likitoci sun tsara magunguna masu maye gurbin, abu mai aiki wanda shine insulin da aka samu ta hanyar ƙirar dakin gwaje-gwaje. Masu zuwa sune manyan nau'ikan insulin, da kuma abin da zaɓin wannan ko wancan magani ya dogara da shi.

Kyawawan nau'ikan ciki

Akwai rarrabuwa daban-daban akan wacce endocrinologist ya zabi tsarin kulawa da magani. Ta hanyar asali da nau'in, ana bambanta nau'ikan magungunan:

• Insulin din ya hade daga cututtukan wakilan dabbobin. Bambancin da ke tattare da kwayoyin halittar jikin mutum shine kasancewar wasu amino acid guda uku, wanda ya kunshi haɓaka halayen halayen ƙwayar cuta a jikin mutum.
• Allurar kwayar cutar fitsari tana kusa da tsarin sunadarai zuwa hormone mutum. Bambanci shine maye gurbin amino acid daya a cikin sarkar sunadarai.
• Kankana whale ya banbanta da asalin kwayar halittar dan adam sama da wacce aka hada ta da shanu. Ana amfani dashi da wuya.
• Analog na mutum, wanda aka haɗu ta hanyoyi guda biyu: ta amfani da insulin na Escherichia coli (insulin mutum) da kuma maye gurbin “amino acid ɗin da bai dace ba” a cikin maganin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar jini (nau'in injin ɗin ɗan adam).

Kwayar Insulin - mafi karancin kwayoyin halittar hormone, wanda ya kunshi amino acid 16

Bangare

Rarraba mai zuwa na nau'in insulin ya danganta ne da yawan abubuwan haɗin. Idan magani ya ƙunshi cire tsintsiyar ƙwayar cuta ta nau'in dabba guda, alal misali, alade ne kawai ko sa ne kawai, yana nufin wakilai masu hana ƙwayoyin cuta. Tare da haɗewar abubuwa iri ɗaya na iri iri, ana kiran insulin a hade.

Matsayi na tsarkakewa

Ya danganta da bukatar tsarkakewar wani sinadari mai aiki da sinadaran, wadannan aji akwai:

• Kayan aiki na yau da kullun shine sanya magunguna su zama ruwa tare da ethanol na acidic, sannan aiwatar da tacewa, salted out da crystallized sau da yawa. Hanyar tsabtatawa ba cikakke ba ne, tunda yawancin adadin ƙazanta ya rage a cikin abubuwan da ke ciki.
• Tsarin Monopik - a cikin farkon tsarkakewa ta amfani da hanyar gargajiya, sannan tacewa ta amfani da gel na musamman. Matsayi na ƙazanta ba ƙasa da hanyar farko.
• Samfurin monocomponent - ana amfani da tsabtatawa mai zurfi tare da murƙushe ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma musayar ion musaya, wanda shine mafi kyawun zaɓi don jikin mutum.

Sauri da tsawon lokaci

Ana daidaita magungunan cututtukan Hormonal don saurin haɓakar tasirin sakamako da tsawon lokacin aiki:

• ultrashort;
• gajere
• lokacin matsakaici;
• tsawo (tsawaita);
• hade (hade).

Hanyar aikinsu zai iya bambanta, wanda kwararrun yayi la'akari yayin zabar magani don magani.

Yarda da kashi da lokacin gudanar da insulin shine tushe na tasirin magani

Ultrashort

Tsara don saukar da sukari na jini nan da nan. Ana sarrafa waɗannan nau'ikan insulin kai tsaye kafin abinci, saboda sakamakon amfani ya bayyana a cikin minti 10 na farko. Mafi tasiri tasirin maganin yana tasowa, bayan awa daya da rabi.

Humalogue

Analog na insulin na ɗan adam da kuma wakilcin ƙungiyar aikin ultrashort. Ya banbanta da ginin da ake amfani dashi a tsari irin na amino acid. Tsawon lokacin aikin zai iya kaiwa awanni 4.

Ana amfani dashi don nau'in 1 na sukari mellitus, rashin haƙuri ga magunguna na wasu kungiyoyi, tsayayyar insulin a cikin nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, idan magungunan baka ba su da tasiri.

NovoRapid

Ultrashort shiri bisa insulin kewayawa. Ana samun azaman mai launi mara launi a cikin sirinji na alkalami. Kowane yana riƙe da 3 ml na samfurin daidai yake da 300 PIECES na insulin. Misali ne na kwayar halittar mutum ta hanyar amfani da E. coli. Bincike ya nuna yiwuwar yin wasiyya ga mata yayin haihuwar yaro.

Apidra

Wani sanannen wakilin kungiyar. Amfani da shi don kula da manya da yara bayan shekaru 6. Anyi amfani da shi tare da taka tsantsan wajen lura da masu juna biyu da tsofaffi. Zaɓin jigilar sashi aka zaɓi daban-daban. Ana sarrafawa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa ko ta amfani da tsarin aikin famfo na musamman.

Short shirye-shirye

Wakilan wannan rukunin suna sanadin cewa aikin su yana farawa ne a cikin mintuna 20-30 kuma zai kai tsawon awanni 6. Short insulins na buƙatar sarrafawa mintina 15 kafin a saka abinci a ciki. Bayan 'yan sa'o'i bayan allura, yana da kyau a yi ɗan “abun ciye-ciye”.

A wasu halaye na asibiti, ƙwararru sun haɗu da amfani da gajeren shirye-shirye tare da insulins masu aiki na dogon lokaci. Yi kimanta yanayin mai haƙuri, wurin gudanar da horon, sashi da alamomin glucose.

Ikon glucose - wani yanki ne na dindindin na ilimin insulin

Shahararrun wakilai:

• "Actrapid NM" magani ne wanda aka inganta shi wanda ake sarrafa shi a ciki da kuma cikin jijiya. Hakanan zai yiwu, amma kamar yadda kwararrun likitoci suka umarce shi. Magani ne takardar sayan magani.
• "Harkokin Humulin na yau da kullun" - an wajabta shi don ciwon sukari mai dogaro da insulin, sabon cutar da aka gano da kuma lokacin daukar ciki tare da nau'in insulin-mai cuta na cutar. Subcutaneous, ciki da jijiyoyin ciki yana yiwuwa. Akwai shi a cikin gwal da kwalabe.
• "Humodar R" magani ne na yau da kullun wanda za'a iya haɗe shi tare da insulins na matsakaici. Babu ƙuntatawa don amfani yayin daukar ciki da lactation.
• "Monodar" - an wajabta shi don cututtukan nau'ikan 1 da 2, juriya ga Allunan, a lokacin haila. Abincin alade na naman alade.
• "Biosulin R" nau'in samfurin da aka kera shi cikin kwalabe da katako. An haɗe shi da "Biosulin N" - insulin na matsakaiciyar lokacin aiki.

Matsakaiciyar Tsawan Tsafe

Wannan ya haɗa da kwayoyi waɗanda tsawon lokacin aikinsu ya kasance a cikin kewayon daga 8 zuwa 12 hours. 2-3 allurai sun isa a kowace rana. Suna farawa 2 hours bayan allura.

Wakilan kungiyar:

• aikin injiniya yana nufin - "Biosulin N", "Insuran NPH", "Protafan NM", "Humulin NPH";
• Shirye-shiryen roba - "Humodar B", "Biogulin N";
• insulins alade - Protafan MS, Monodar B;
• dakatarwar zinc - "Monotard MS".

"Dogon" kwayoyi

Za a fara amfani da kudaden ne bayan awanni 4-8 sannan kuma zai iya zuwa kwanaki 1.5-2. Babban aiki yana bayyana tsakanin 8 zuwa 16 hours daga lokacin allura.

Lantus

A miyagun ƙwayoyi nasa ne mai girma-insulins. Abubuwan da ke aiki a cikin abun da ke ciki shine insulin glargine. Tare da taka tsantsan an wajabta shi a lokacin daukar ciki. Amfani da shi wajen lura da ciwon sukari a cikin yara yan kasa da shekaru 6 ba da shawarar ba. Ana sarrafa shi sosai subcutaneously sau ɗaya a rana a lokaci guda.

Alkalami mai amfani da alkalami mai sauƙin maye - isasshe da ƙananan injector

"Insulin Lantus", wanda ke da tasiri na dogon lokaci, ana amfani dashi azaman magani guda kuma a hade tare da wasu magunguna waɗanda ke nufin rage sukarin jini. Akwai shi a cikin almalin sirinji da katukan katako don tsarin famfo. Ana fitar dashi ne kawai ta takardar sayan magani.

Levemir Penfill

Maganin da insulin ya wakilta shine ya wakilta shi. Misalinta shine Levemir Flexpen. An tsara shi musamman don gudanar da subcutaneous. A haɗe tare da magungunan tebur, daidaitaccen zaɓi sashi.

Daidaitan wakilan biphasic

Waɗannan shirye-shiryen dakatarwa ne, waɗanda suka haɗa da insulin “gajere” da insulin-matsakaiciyar ƙwaƙwalwar cikin matsakaici. Amfani da irin waɗannan kuɗaɗen yana ba ku damar iyakance adadin adadin alluran da suka wajaba cikin rabi. An bayyana manyan wakilan ƙungiyar a cikin tebur.

Yanayin ajiya

Shirye-shiryen dole ne a adana su a cikin firiji ko firiji na musamman. Ba za a iya ajiye kwalban buɗewa ba a cikin wannan halin fiye da kwanaki 30, tun da samfurin ya rasa kaddarorinsa.

Idan akwai bukatar sufuri kuma ba zai yiwu a yi jigilar ƙwayar a cikin firiji ba, kuna buƙatar samun jaka ta musamman tare da refrigerant (gel ko kankara).

Amfani da insulin

Dukkanin ilimin insulin ya dogara ne da tsarin kulawa da yawa:

• Hanyar gargajiya ita ce a hada gajeriyar magani da dadewa cikin sigogin 30/70 ko 40/60, bi da bi. Ana amfani dasu a cikin kula da tsofaffi, marasa lafiya marasa ƙwarewa da marasa lafiya da ke fama da tabin hankali, tunda babu buƙatar kulawa da glucose na yau da kullun. Ana yin magunguna sau 1-2 a rana.
• Hanyar da aka tsananta - ana rarraba kashi ɗaya na yau da kullun tsakanin magunguna gajere da aiki na dorewa Na farko an gabatar da shi bayan abinci, kuma na biyu - da safe da dare.

Likitan da ake so shine insulin da likita ke zaba, la'akari da abubuwan da suka nuna:

• halaye
• amsawar jiki;
• yawan gabatarwar da suka wajaba;
• yawan ma'aunin sukari;
• shekaru
• alamomin glucose.

Don haka, a yau akwai nau'ikan magunguna da yawa don maganin ciwon sukari. Tsarin ingantaccen magani da aka zaɓa daidai da kuma bin shawarar kwararru zai taimaka wajen riƙe matakan glucose tsakanin tsarin da aka yarda da kuma tabbatar da cikakken aiki na rayuwa.