Kididdiga ta nuna cewa yawan masu kamuwa da cutar sankara na karuwa ne daga shekara zuwa shekara. Kusan kashi 7 cikin dari na mutane a duniya suna fama da wannan cuta, kuma, a cikin ƙasarmu kadai, a kalla mutane miliyan uku ke yin rajista a hukumance. Yawancin marasa lafiya ba sa zargin cutar su tsawon shekaru.
Idan yana da mahimmanci ga mutum ya kula da lafiyarsa, yana tunanin makomar gaba, ya zama dole a san inda ciwon sukari ya fito. Wannan zai ba ka damar sanin cin zarafi a cikin jiki da wuri-wuri, don hana haɗarin alamun da cututtuka masu haɗari.
Cutar sankarau cuta cuta ce ta endocrine, tana faruwa ne lokacin da insulin na hormone ɗin ya gaza, wanda tsibirin Langerhans ke samarwa a cikin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta. Idan karancin insulin cikakke ne, ba a samar da kwayar halittar ba, muna magana ne game da wata cuta ta nau'in farko, lokacin da hankalin mutum ya canza shi, kuma ana gano cutar sikari da nau'in ta biyu.
A kowane hali, sukari mai yawa yana zagayawa cikin jijiyoyin jini a cikin mutum, ya fara bayyana a cikin fitsari. Amfani da glucose mara kyau yana haifar da kirkirar ƙwayoyin guba mai haɗari ga lafiyar da ake kira jikin ketone. Wannan tsari na ilimin halittu:
- musamman mummunar tasiri a kan yanayin haƙuri;
- na iya haifar da ciwan ciki, mutuwa.
Cikakken amsar tambayar gaggawa game da dalilin da yasa ake yin ciwon sukari kawai ba a samuwa a yanzu. Dalilan na iya kasancewa saboda yanayin gado ne ko salon rayuwa, kuma yawan shan sukari ya rigaya ya zama matakin na biyu.
Sanadin Type 1 Ciwon sukari
Wannan nau'in cutar tana haɓaka cikin hanzari, yawanci tana zama rikicewar mummunan kamuwa da cuta, musamman a yara, matasa da matasa. Likitocin sun tabbatar da cewa akwai abubuwan gado a cikin nau'in ciwon sukari 1.
Wannan nau'in cutar ana kiranta matashi, wannan sunan yana nuna cikakkiyar yanayin kirkirar ƙwayar cuta. Alamar farko ta bayyana ne tun yana da shekaru 0 zuwa 19.
Cutar fitsari cuta ce mai matukar rauni, tare da kowane irin matsala a cikin aikinta, tumo, kumburi, rauni ko lalacewa, akwai yuwuwar rikicewar samar da insulin, wanda zai haifar da ciwon sukari.
Nau'in nau'in ciwon sukari ana kiranta insulin-dogara, a wata ma'anar, yana buƙatar gudanar da aiki na yau da kullun na wasu allurai na insulin. An tilasta wa mara lafiya daidaita tsakanin kwaroron kullun idan:
- tarowar glucose a cikin jininsa ya yi yawa;
- ko dai yana saurin raguwa.
Kowane irin yanayi na haifar da barazana ga rayuwa, ba za a barsu ba.
Tare da irin wannan binciken, yana da mahimmanci don fahimtar cewa kuna buƙatar kulawa da yanayin ku a koyaushe, dole ne ku manta da tsananin tsananin kulawa da abincin da likitan ya umurce ku, saka allurar insulin a kai a kai, da kuma kula da sukarin jini da fitsari.
Type 2 ciwon sukari
Nau'in cuta ta biyu ana kiranta ciwon sukari na mutane masu kiba, dalili shine cewa yanayin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta yana kwance ne a rayuwar mutum, yawan cin abinci mai ƙiba, yawan adadin kuzari, rashin yawan motsa jiki, kiba.
Idan mutum yana da kiba na farko, to hadarin kamuwa da ciwon siga yana ƙaruwa nan da nan ta hanyar maki 10, kiba mai ciki tana da haɗari musamman lokacin da kitse ya haɗu da ciki.
A cikin hanyoyin likitanci, zaku iya samun wani madadin suna don wannan nau'in ciwon sukari - ciwon sukari tsofaffi. Yayinda jikin mutum yayi tsufa, sel zasu zama marasa hankali ga insulin, wanda ya zama farkon tsarin tafiyar cututtukan cuta. Koyaya, kamar yadda al'adar ta nuna, duk wasu alamun cutar za a iya kawar dasu idan aka bayar:
- bin abinci mai karancin carb;
- normalization na nauyi Manuniya.
Wani sanadin cutar shine ƙarancin gado, amma a wannan yanayin, ana shafar halayen abinci na iyaye. Gaskiya ne sananne cewa yara da yawa sun ɗanɗana kwanan nan daga nau'in ciwon sukari na biyu fiye da na farkon. Sabili da haka, ya kamata iyaye su hana cutar sukari a cikin yara, musamman idan dangi na gaba sun riga sun sami irin wannan binciken, bai kamata a ciyar da yara ba, ɗan ya kamata ya sami ra'ayi na farko game da lafiyayyen abinci mai gina jiki.
Harshen insulin na hormone don cuta na nau'in na biyu yawanci ba a sanya shi ba, a wannan yanayin kawai ana nuna abinci, magunguna da sukari na hawan jini.
Abubuwan haɗari don zama masu ciwon sukari ana buƙatar su nuna rauni mai aiki na waɗannan gabobin ciki na tsarin endocrine:
- glandar ciki
- glandis adrenal;
- glandar thyroid.
Yana faruwa cewa alamun cutar sun bayyana a cikin mata masu juna biyu, tare da isasshen magani, za'a iya magance matsalar cikin sauri.
Lokacin da jikin ɗan adam yaji ƙarancin furotin, zinc, amino acid, amma cike yake da baƙin ƙarfe, samarda insulin shima yana cikin damuwa.
Jini tare da wuce haddi na baƙin ƙarfe yana shiga cikin sel na fitsari, yana zubar da shi, yana haifar da raguwar ƙwayar insulin.
Babban bayyanar cutar sankarau, rikitarwa
Kwayar cutar za a iya bambanta, gwargwadon tsananin yanayin hanyar cutar, amma, mafi yawan masu haƙuri sun lura:
- bushe bakin
- yawan ƙishirwa;
- apathy, lethargy, nutsuwa;
- itching na fata;
- ƙanshi na acetone daga bakin ciki.
- urination akai-akai
- doguwar warkarwa, yankewa, tarkace.
Tare da ciwon sukari na nau'in na biyu, nauyin jikin mai haƙuri yana tashi, amma tare da nau'in farko na ciwon sukari, alamar cutar mai nauyi ce mai nauyi.
Tare da magani mara kyau, rashi, mai ciwon sukari zai iya fuskantar rikice rikice na cutar, zai iya zama shan kashi: ƙanana da manyan jiragen ruwa (angiopathy), retina (retinopathy).
Sauran cututtukan haɗin gwiwa za su lalace aikin aiki, na jijiyoyin bugun jini, pustular, raunuka na kusoshi, cututtukan fata na iya bayyana, raguwa cikin ji na ciki da na ƙasan ciki, da kumburi.
Hakanan, haɓakar ƙafar mai ciwon sukari baya cirewa.
Hanyar ganewar asali
Baya ga alamun asibiti na cutar sankara, canje-canje a cikin sigogi na fitsari da jini halaye ne. Tabbatar da binciken da ake zargin yana taimakawa:
- nazari kan matakin glucose a cikin jini, fitsari;
- a jikin ketone a cikin fitsari;
- bincike mai amfani da hawan jini.
An yi amfani da gwajin haƙuri na glucose da yawa a da, amma kwanan nan an maye gurbin shi ta hanyar maimaita gwajin jini bayan abincin carbohydrate.
Akwai wasu lokuta da likitan ke zargin masu ciwon sukari a cikin mai haƙuri, amma gwaje-gwaje na al'ada ne, to gwajin da aka yi na glycosylated haemoglobin zai zama mahimmanci a kimantawa. Zai iya fayyace idan yawan haɗarin glucose ya karu cikin watanni 3 da suka gabata.
Abun takaici, sauran gwaje-gwajen na iya karuwa a duk dakunan gwaje-gwaje; farashin su ba koyaushe bane yake samu.
Abin da ke faruwa ketoacidosis
Ketoacidosis shine mafi haɗarin haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon sukari. Kowa ya san cewa jikin mutum zai iya samun makamashi daga glucose, amma da farko dole ne ya shiga cikin sel, kuma wannan yana buƙatar insulin. Tare da raguwa a cikin matakan sukari, tsananin yunwar sel yana tasowa, jikin yana kunna aiwatar da amfani da abubuwan da ba dole ba, da kuma mai. Wadannan lipids marasa amfani, ana nuna su ta hanyar acetone a cikin fitsari, ketoacidosis yana haɓaka.
Masu ciwon sukari basu barin jin ƙishirwa, tana bushewa a cikin kogina, akwai tsalle-tsalle masu nauyi a cikin nauyi, koda bayan hutu mai tsawo babu ƙarfin ƙarfi, rashin tausayi da shudewa basa wucewa. Yawan jikin jikin ketone a cikin jini, mafi muni da yanayin, da karfi warin acetone daga bakin.
Tare da ketoacidosis, mai haƙuri na iya fada cikin rashin lafiya, saboda wannan dalili, ban da matakan ma'aunin matakan glucose, yana da mahimmanci don gudanar da nazarin acetone a cikin fitsari. Za'a iya yin hakan a gida kawai tare da taimakon kayan gwaji na musamman, ana siyar dasu a cikin kantin magunguna. Bidiyo a cikin wannan labarin za su nuna yadda launin sukari ke haɓaka.
