Menene sukari na jini?

Glucose yana taka rawa sosai wajen samar da bukatun makamashi na kyallen takarda, yana aiki da dukkan tsarin jikin mutum. Ana buƙatar kulawa da sukari na jini a kai a kai, tunda yanayinta yana a cikin wani mahimmin abu ne, kuma kowane ɓarna yana haifar da katsewa a cikin aiki, samar da jini, da aikin jijiyoyi.

Abinda ya fi haifar da haɓakar sukari na jini shine ciwon sukari. Dangane da kididdigar hukuma, a kasar Rasha sama da mutane miliyan biyu da dubu dari biyu ke fama da wannan cuta, binciken da aka gudanar ya nuna cewa wannan adadin ba ya kasa sau uku. Kashi biyu cikin uku na marasa lafiya ba sa tsammanin suna da ciwon sukari. A cikin farkon matakan, yana da kusan babu alamun cutar, ana gano cutar kawai tare da taimakon hanyoyin gwaje-gwaje. Mutane miliyan biyar a cikin ƙasar ba su karbar magani yadda yakamata, saboda ba su zato su ƙaddamar da wani ɗan ƙanƙani mai sauƙi ba.

Yawan sukari a shekaru daban-daban

Yawan sukari na jini kwatankwacin magana ne wanda kowa ya fahimta. Da yake magana game da matakin sukari, basa nufin samfurin abinci, amma monosaccharide - glucose. Yana da hankali shine ana auna lokacin da aka yi gwaji don gano cutar sankarau. Dukkanin carbohydrates da muke samu tare da abinci sun karye don glucose. Kuma ita ce ta shiga kyallen don samar da sel da ƙwaya.

Ciwon sukari da hauhawar jini zai zama abin da ya wuce

• Normalization na sukari -95%
• Cirewa kan jijiyoyin mara wuya - 70%
• Cire zuciyar mai karfin zuciya -90%
• Rabu da cutar hawan jini - 92%
• Increasearuwar kuzarin rana, inganta bacci da dare -97%

Matsayin sukari a kowace rana ya bambanta sau da yawa: bayan cin abinci yana ƙaruwa, tare da motsa jiki yana raguwa. Haɗin abinci, halayen narkewa, shekarun mutum har ma da motsin zuciyar sa sun shafe shi. An kafa tsarin sukari ta hanyar bincika abubuwan da ke cikin jini na dubun dubatan mutane. An ƙirƙira Tables wanda a bayyane yake cewa glucose mai azumi baya canzawa dangane da jinsi. Ka'idar sukari a cikin maza da mata daidai ne kuma yana cikin kewayon 4.1-5.9 mmol / l.

Mmol / L - ma'aunin glucose na jini yawanci ana karɓa a Rasha. A wasu ƙasashe, ana amfani da mg / dl sau da yawa; don juyawa zuwa mmol / l, sakamakon binciken ya kasu kashi 18.

Mafi yawan lokuta, ana yin karatun mai azumi game da sukari. Daga wannan bincike ne ake gano ciwon sukari. Norms na jinin jini a cikin manya ta tsufa samun girma. Norma'ida a cikin yara a ƙarƙashin makonni 4 shine 2 mmol / l ƙananan, zuwa shekaru 14 yana ƙaruwa ga yawan balagaggu.

Kudurin sukari na tebur don nau'ikan nau'ikan jama'a:

Sau nawa kake buƙatar ɗaukar gwaje-gwaje kuma menene

Akwai nau'ikan gwajin sukari da yawa:

1. Azumin glucose. An ƙaddara da safe, kafin abinci. Wannan lokaci ba tare da abinci ya kamata ya zama sama da awanni 8 ba. An tsara wannan nazarin don zargin masu ciwon sukari, lokacin binciken likita, tare da kiba, matsaloli tare da yanayin hormonal. Yin azumi na sukari yana tashi sama da na al'ada har ma da mummunar cuta na rayuwa. Canje-canje na farko tare da taimakonsa ba zai yiwu a tantance ba.
2. Suga tare da kayako gwajin haƙuri glucose. Wannan binciken yana taimakawa bayyanar cututtuka na kamuwa da cuta., metabolism ciwo, ciwon sukari. Ya ƙunshi don gano haɗarin sukari akan komai a ciki kuma bayan glucose ya shiga cikin jini. Ta hanyar nazarin ƙimar canjawar sukari zuwa sel, yana yiwuwa a bincika mai haƙuri tare da juriya na insulin da aikin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta.
3. Glycated Hemoglobin ya bayyana ba da jimawa ba (alal misali, ba a taɓa gani ba) ko kuma ƙaruwa sau ɗaya a cikin sukari. Ta hanyar matakin hawan jini, wanda zai iya yin hukunci ko akwai hauhawar glucose a cikin watanni 4 kafin gudummawar jini. Wannan gwajin sukari ne na jini. yayin daukar ciki kar ayi wasiyya, tunda a wannan lokacin alamun suna canzawa koyaushe, suna dacewa da bukatun tayin.
4. Fructosamine. Nunin ƙaruwa a cikin sukari a cikin makonni 3 da suka gabata. Ana amfani dashi lokacin da glycated haemoglobin ba ya bayar da sakamako daidai: don sarrafa tasirin magani wanda aka bayar kwanan nan, idan akwai matsala a cikin haƙuri.

Ana rub testta gwajin sukari ga yara kowace shekara yayin binciken likita. An ba da shawarar tsofaffi da ke ƙasa da shekara 40 don su ba da gudummawar jini kowace shekara 5, bayan arba'in - kowace shekara 3. Idan kana da haɓakar haɗarin rashin lafiyar carbohydrate metabolism (kiba, yanayin rayuwa, dangi tare da ciwon sukari, raunin hormonal), gwaje-gwaje yi a shekara. Matan da suka haifi jariri suna ba da komai a ciki a farkon lokacin daukar ciki da gwajin haƙuri a cikin gwanaye na uku.

Tare da aka gano abubuwan da suka faru na abubuwan da ke haifar da metabolism na metabolism, ana duba matakin sukari a kowane watanni shida. A cikin ciwon sukari - akai-akai kowace rana: sanyin safiya, bayan abinci da kafin lokacin kwanciya. Tare da nau'in cutar 1 - ban da kowane abinci, lokacin yin lissafin kashi na insulin. Ana kula da haemoglobin na kwata a kwata.

Ka'idoji masu sauƙi don bayar da gudummawar jini don sukari

Zai yiwu a ƙayyade yawan haɗarin haemoglobin ba tare da shiri na musamman ba. Yana da kyau don ba da gudummawa jini daga jijiya akan komai a ciki, tare da kaya, don fructosamine har zuwa 11 a.m. Awanni 8 da suka gabata kana bukatar ka guji duk wani abinci da abin sha, shan taba, cingam da shan magani. Lokacin ba tare da abinci ba zai iya zama fiye da sa'o'i 14, saboda matakin sukari zai zama ƙasa da wucin gadi.

Shiri na farko:

• Kada ku canza rage cin abincin 'yan kwanaki kafin gwajin;
• iyakance aiki na yau da kullun kafin;
• guji damuwa da damuwa;
• kar a sha barasa akalla kwanaki 2;
• samun isasshen bacci kafin bayar da jini;
• kawar da mummunar hanyar zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje.

Cutar cuta, taɓarɓare da cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta, yin amfani da wasu kwayoyi na iya gurbata sakamakon gwajin sukari: estrogens da glucocorticoids suna ƙaruwa da matakan sukari, rashin aikin kwastomomi.

Don haɓaka daidaito na gwajin haƙuri a cikin glucose zai ba da damar yin amfani da akalla gg na carbohydrates 150 g da rana kafin, wanda kusan 50 - a lokacin barci. Tsakanin ma'aunin jini ba za ku iya tafiya ba, shan taba, damuwa.

Shin zai yiwu a sarrafa sukari a gida

Yawancin dakunan gwaje-gwaje suna amfani da jini daga jijiya don tantance sukari, plasma daban da shi, kuma tuni sun auna yawan glucose a ciki. Wannan hanyar tana da ƙaramin kuskure.

Don amfani da gida, akwai na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto - glucometer. Auna sukari tare da glucometer ba mai raɗaɗi bane kuma yana ɗaukar kwayoyin halitta. Babban kuskuren kayan aikin gida shine ƙarancin ƙimar su. An kyale masana'antun kuskure har zuwa 20%. Misali, tare da ainihin glucose na 7 mmol / L, ana iya samun matakin 5.6 daga ma'aunai. Idan kun sarrafa glucose na jini a gida kawai, za a kamu da ciwon sukari da wuri.

Wani glucometer hanya ce mai kyau don sarrafa glycemia a cikin mutane da ke da ciwon sukari. Amma tare da canje-canje na farko a cikin metabolism - ƙarancin haƙuri na rashin haƙuri ko ciwo na rayuwa, daidaitaccen mita bai isa ba. Don gano waɗannan rikice-rikice na buƙatar nazarin dakin gwaje-gwaje.

A gida, ana ɗaukar jini daga ƙananan capilla waɗanda suke ƙarƙashin fata. Matsakaicin sukari don bayar da jini daga yatsa ya zama 12% ƙasa da ta hanyar jini: matakan azumi na tsofaffi kada su zama 5.6.

Lura cewa wasu daga cikin abubuwan kwalliyar na calibrates ne ta hanyar plasma, karatun karatun sa ba ya buƙatar sake karantawa. Bayanin kwantar da hankali yana cikin umarnin.

Yaushe zanyi Magana game da ciwon suga da ciwon suga

A 90%, sukari sama da al'ada yana nufin nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 ko ciwon sukari na farko. Cutar sankarau tana haɓaka hankali. Yawancin lokaci, 'yan shekaru kafin ya fara, yana yiwuwa a gano canje-canje a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin jini. Karo na farko - kawai bayan cin abinci, da kuma tsawon lokaci, kuma akan komai a ciki. An tabbatar da cewa lalacewar jijiyoyin jini yana farawa tun kafin sukari ya tashi zuwa matakin masu ciwon suga. Cutar sukari tana cikin sauki, sabanin ciwon suga. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci a bincika jini akai-akai don abubuwan sukari.

Tebur mai zuwa ya taƙaita sharudda na gradation na carbohydrate metabolism cuta:

Testaya daga cikin gwaje-gwaje sun isa don gano cutar sankara idan mutum yana da alamun bayyanar cutar. Mafi sau da yawa, mai haƙuri ba zai iya jin ɗan ƙara yawan karuwa a cikin sukari, alamu bayyananne sun bayyana a ƙarshen lokacin da matakinsa ya wuce 13 mmol / l. Lokacin da abin da ya wuce kima ba shi da mahimmanci, ana bayar da jini sau biyu ne a ranaku daban don rage yiwuwar kuskure.

Ka'idar sukari a cikin mata bayan makonni 24 na haihuwar 'ya ƙasa da 5.1. Yunƙurin da sukari na jini a cikin mata masu ciki har zuwa 7 yana nuna ciwon sukari na gestational, mafi girma - game da halarta na farko na ciwon sukari.

Hanyoyi don daidaita alamun

Idan an gano karkatar da sukari daga al'ada, kuna buƙatar ziyarci likitan kwantar da hankali ko endocrinologist. Zasu aika don neman ƙarin karatun don fayyace cutar. Idan sanadin shine ciwon sukari ko mai ciwon sukari na 2, abincin da ke ƙuntatawa na carbohydrates da ilimin jiki zai zama wajibi. Idan nauyin mai haƙuri ya wuce al'ada, yawan kuzari ma yana da iyaka. Wannan ya isa don magance cututtukan suga da kuma kula da matakan sukari a farkon ciwon sukari. Idan glucose ya kasance sama da al'ada, an tsara magunguna waɗanda ke inganta canza glucose a cikin sel kuma rage cinikin hanjin. An wajabta insulin a matsayin wurin zama na ƙarshe idan an fara cutar, kuma cutar ta shafi ƙwayar cuta ta cutar.

Tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1, insulin ba makawa. Galibi wannan shine kawai maganin da masu ciwon sukari ke samu. Idan kun fahimci dokokin yin amfani da lissafin sashi, za a iya kiyaye sukari jini al'ada a mafi yawancin lokaci. Rikicin ciwon sukari ba tare da sarrafawa ba da wuya ya inganta.

Sakamakon karkacewa daga tsarin al'ada

Bloodarar jini a cikin manya ya kai lita 5. Idan matakin glucose ya kasance 5 mmol / l, wannan yana nuna cewa yana da gram 4.5 na sukari kawai a cikin jini, ko cokali 1. Idan akwai guda 4 daga cikin wainnan cocin, mai haƙuri na iya fadawa cikin coma na ketoacidotic, idan glucose yai kasa da gram 2, zai fuskance hadarin maimaicin haɗari na hypoglycemic. Balancearancin ƙwayar mara nauyi yana taimaka wa kula da farji, shine yake amsa ƙaruwar yawan sukari ta hanyar samar da insulin. Rashin yawan glucose ya cika hanta ta hanyar jefa shagon sa a cikin jini. Idan sukari ya fi yadda yake al'ada, suna magana ne game da hyperglycemia, idan ƙananan, muna magana ne game da hypoglycemia.

Tasiri akan jikin glucose karkacewa:

1. Cutar hawan kai na yau da kullun shine babban dalilin dukkanin rikicewar cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na kullum. Kafafu, idanu, zuciya, jijiyoyi na masu ciwon suga. Duk lokacin da ake yawan karatun glucometer sama da yadda sukari yake, saurin cututtukan haɗuwa da sauri ke ci gaba.
2. Increaseara yawan haɓakar haɗarin glucose (> 13) yana haifar da lalata kowane nau'in metabolism kuma yana haifar da ketoacidosis. Abubuwa masu guba - ketones suna tara jini. Idan ba a dakatar da wannan tsari cikin lokaci ba, zai haifar da aikin kwakwalwa masu rauni, hauhawar jini da yawa.
3. Orarami, amma yawan zubar jini a jiki yana haifar da rikicewa a cikin kwakwalwa, yana zama mafi wahalar fahimtar sabon bayani, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa ta ɓaci. Ba a wadatar da wadatar zuci tare da glucose, don haka hadarin ischemia da ciwon zuciya na ƙaruwa.
4. Hypoglycemia <2 mmol / L yana haifar da rudani a cikin numfashi da aikin zuciya, mutum ya rasa hankali, zai iya fada cikin rashin lafiya.