Ciwon sukari mellitus cuta ce ta kowa. Kusan kusan mutane 20 na duniyar nan suna rashin lafiya tare da su.
Duk wanda ke fama da wata cuta ya tambaya ko ana iya warke gaba daya? Me za a yi don wannan?
Sanadin cutar
Ciwon sukari mellitus cuta ce ta endocrine wacce mutum yake da cuta na rayuwa. Cutar ta danganta shi da take hakkin samar da sinadarin insulin na kwayar halittar hanji. A saboda wannan dalili, ana tilastawa marasa lafiya su sanya idanu a kai a kai yayin tattarawar glucose a cikin jini.
Cutar tana da nau'in cuta mai saurin kamuwa da cuta, kuma sanadin faruwar ta a cikin mutane abubuwa ne da yawa, daga ciki har da:
- matsanancin nauyi da matsanancin ƙima - kiba;
- asalin kwayoyin;
- tsufa da matsaloli na rayuwa wadanda suka taso da shi;
- yanayi na damuwa akai-akai, gogewa;
- Sakamakon kamuwa da cututtukan hoto ko bidiyo guda biyu (rubella, hepatitis, mura, smallpox);
- cututtukan concomitant waɗanda ke cutar da cutar cututtukan ƙwayar cutar ƙwayar cuta ta hanji (ƙwayar ƙwayar cutar ƙwayar cuta ta ƙwayar cutar ƙwayar cuta);
- shan magunguna da yawa (cytostatics, diuretics, glucocorticoid hormones na asalin roba);
- rashin abinci mai gina jiki a cikin nau'i na adadin carbohydrates da rashin fiber;
- salon tsinkaye;
- kasancewar cututtukan zuciya.
Baya ga dalilan da aka nuna, cutar tana faruwa a cikin mutane a game da tushen cututtukan da ke akwai:
- cirrhosis na hanta;
- karancin sha na carbohydrates;
- rashin lafiyar;
- secreara ɓoyewar ƙwayoyin cututtukan thyroid;
- na lokaci-lokaci a cikin yawan tattarawar glucose na jini na wani kankanin lokaci.
- increaseara yawan adadin hormones da ke hana samar da insulin;
- ciwace-ciwacen daji daban-daban da suka inganta a gabobin ciki.
Ciwon sukari na Type 1 sau da yawa yakan bayyana a cikin matasa - yana da cikakken magani. Mutum na bukatar allura tsawon rai na insulin.
A cikin 80% na lokuta, ciwon sukari na 2 yana faruwa. Tsofaffi waɗanda ke da matsalar nauyi da cututtuka masu saurin rikicewa sun fi kamuwa da su.
Shin za a iya warke nau'in ciwon sukari na 2?
An samu nasarar kamuwa da cutar siga ta 2, amma ba zaka iya kawar da cutar gaba daya ba. Haka kuma cutar halin dogon latent tsawon lokaci. Mutum na iya shakkar cewa yana da cutar shekara 10 ko fiye.
Cutar tana da tasiri sosai a jikin jijiyoyin jini. Mafi sau da yawa, ana gano cutar a mataki na canje-canje marasa sauyawa. Yana da sauri ya juya zuwa wani nau'i na ciwo, kuma mai haƙuri yana buƙatar magani akai-akai tare da daidaita abinci mai gina jiki da yarda da wani tsarin mulki na aiki na jiki.
Idan mutum ya lura da tsarin cin abinci, da sanya idanu akai-akai game da glucose kuma yana shan magunguna da suka wajaba, zai iya inganta rayuwar su sosai. Tare da ingantaccen magani da kuma hanyar rayuwa madaidaiciya, tsawonta a cikin marasa lafiya da ke dauke da ciwon sukari na 2 zai iya kai dubun dubun shekaru kuma ya zama daidai da na mutane masu cikakken lafiya.
Ka'idojin ka'idodi na jiyya
Yanayin lura da cutar ya dogara da matakin ci gabansa da kasancewar rikice-rikice a cikin mai haƙuri. Ana magance cutar da wuri a gida.
Marasa lafiya waɗanda suka kamu da cutar a ƙarshen zamani suna buƙatar maganin ƙwaƙwalwa. Hakanan magunguna wajibi ne ga marasa lafiyar da basu iya sarrafa salon rayuwarsu da abincinsu yadda yakamata.
Ka'idodin magani sune kamar haka:
- haɓaka ayyukan motsi;
- manne wa abinci na musamman;
- kulawar glycemia na jini;
- sarrafa karfin jini;
- shan magungunan da suka wajaba.
Saboda yawanci ciwon sukari yakan haifar da mutane masu kiba, suna buƙatar a daidaita su da farko. Normalization na nauyi, abinci mai dacewa da isasshen aiki na jiki zai iya dawo da glycemia na haƙuri da sauri.
Activityara yawan motsa jiki
Ayyukan locomotor yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen lura da ciwon sukari. An nuna shi musamman ga mutane masu kiba. Ayyukan motsa jiki na yau da kullun suna ba marasa lafiya masu nauyin nauyin nauyin sannu a hankali dawo da su zuwa al'ada.
Aiki na jiki azaman ɗayan ka'idodin magani yana ba mu damar warware matsaloli masu zuwa:
- normalizing nauyin mai ciwon sukari;
- raguwa a cikin taro na glucose saboda nauyin tsoka.
Abubuwan da ke cikin tsoka na jikin mutum suna saninsa ta hanyar dogaro da insulin. Saboda ayyukan yau da kullun, masu ciwon sukari suna kula da kula da yawan sukari a daidai matakin kuma cimma asarar nauyi a hankali.
Abincin abinci
Tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, mai haƙuri yana buƙatar cikakken canji a cikin abincin. Ba ya haifar da matsananciyar yunwar ko iyakance yawan cin abinci na tsawon kwanaki - ainihin abincin abinci don cutar shine ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki.
Yayin rana, ana ba da shawarar mutum ya ci abinci sau 6, yayin da rabo daga jita-jita ya kamata ƙarami. Marasa lafiya yana buƙatar saka idanu akan tsaka-tsakin tsakanin abinci. Fashewa tsakanin abinci kada ya wuce awa uku.
Abincin abinci mai gina jiki don cutar ya shafi amfani da wasu abinci da kuma ƙin abinci iri-iri.
Tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, waɗannan gaba ɗaya an cire su:
- carbohydrates mai sauri;
- abinci mai soyayye;
- kowane irin abinci mai daɗi ne;
- kyafaffen samfura;
- barasa
- abinci mai yaji da mai;
- arziki broths;
- kowane irin abinci mai sauri da marinade.
Wasu samfura suna da izinin sharadi.
Waɗannan samfuran sun haɗa da:
- semolina;
- dankali
- Taliya
- leda;
- naman alade mai kitse;
- cuku gida mai-mai mai yawa;
- madarar nonfat;
- karas;
- mahaukata;
- hanta;
- kwai yolks;
- rago;
- kwayoyi
- shinkafa, buckwheat, oatmeal.
Ana ba da izinin waɗannan samfuran masu ciwon sukari, amma zuwa iyaka mai iyaka.
Cikakken samfuran ciwon sukari sun haɗa da:
- nama ba tare da mai ba;
- sabo, dafaffen kayan lambu da gasa;
- waken soya;
- 'ya'yan itatuwa (kusan duka) da berries;
- kifi.
Ana ba da shawarar marasa lafiya masu ciwon sukari don ƙirƙirar menu don kowace ranar mako. Lokacin tattara shi, ana bada shawara a bishe shi ta ka'idodin rage cin abinci mai ƙoshin abinci.
Lokacin tattara menu, dole ne a ci gaba daga waɗannan masu biyowa:
- ma'aunin abinci mai gina jiki;
- rarrabuwa ta hanyar abinci (sau 6 a rana);
- iri-iri na abincin yau da kullun;
- hadawa a cikin abincin yau da kullun na 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari;
- cikakken cire kayan haramun;
- ƙananan abinci;
- isasshen amfani da ruwa a kowace rana (aƙalla 1.5 lita);
- yin amfani da kayan ado da teas dangane da ganye.
Masu ciwon sukari suna buƙatar guji yunwa. Lokacin da ya bayyana, an shawarce su da abun ciye-ciye akan madara mai kitse da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Tare da taimakonsu, zai yuwu a kawar da tunanin yunwar da juriya har zuwa lokacin cin abinci na gaba gwargwadon jadawalin. Hakanan an haramta hana ruwa gudu - ba zaku iya jujjuya kayayyakin samfuri ba. Kuna buƙatar tashi daga tebur tare da jin cewa zaku iya cin ƙarin.
Bidiyon abinci mai ciwon sukari:
Glycemic iko
Masu ciwon sukari suna buƙatar saka idanu na yau da kullum game da matakan glucose jini. A cikin shekaru, cutar na ci gaba kuma tana cutar da jijiyoyin jiki. Suna yin rauni tare da samar da insulin na hormone. Saboda wannan, akwai ƙaruwa mai yawa a cikin glucose jini.
Don saka idanu, ana amfani da na'urar da ake kira glucometer. Na'urar tana ba ku damar kulawa da glucose yau da kullun a cikin mai haƙuri a cikin ingantaccen matakin. Duk da irin kudaden da aka tilasta wa na’urar, amma ya kan biya.
Kada a iyakance marasa lafiya kawai don sarrafa glucose a cikin jini. Mahimmanci don yanayin lafiyar su ma alamun ne a cikin fitsari na mai haƙuri.
Gwaje gwaje gwaje ne da ake amfani da su don yin gwaji a cikin masu ciwon suga. Amma wannan hanyar tana da inganci mara kyau. Abubuwan gwaji suna ba da damar gano glucose a cikin fitsari kawai lokacin da maida hankali ya wuce 10 mmol / L. Ga marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari, mai nuna alama na 8 mmol / L ya riga yana da mahimmanci. A saboda wannan dalili, hanya mafi inganci kuma tabbatacciya don sarrafa matakin glucose a cikin fitsari shine gwajin tsari a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje.
Ikon hawan jini
Don ciwon sukari, tsalle-tsalle a cikin karfin jini halaye ne. Ofaya daga cikin alamun da ake buƙata shine kulawar jini akai-akai.
Haɓakawarsa ba tare da kulawa ba yana haifar da sakamako daban-daban, daga ciki:
- babban hadarin bugun jini;
- raunin gani har zuwa asararsa;
- ci gaba da na koda gazawa.
Pressurearancin saukar karfin jini a cikin mai ciwon sukari ya zama sanadiyar mutuwa sakamakon kyallen takarda na jikin mutum saboda ƙarancin wadatar su da oxygen.
Tare da yawan aunawar glycemia, mai haƙuri yana buƙatar ma'aunin yau da kullun na karfin jini.
Magunguna
Magunguna sun zama dole ga masu ciwon sukari wanda a ciki aka gano cutar a wani mataki na ƙarshen zamani. Ana kuma buƙatar kula da lafiyar marasa lafiya tare da magunguna idan sun bunkasa mummunan rikice-rikice saboda ciwon sukari. A wannan yanayin, an tsara magungunan maganin antidiabet ga marasa lafiya har abada, har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwa.
Tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, an tsara magunguna:
- haɓaka shan insulin a cikin ƙwayar (biguanides) - "Glucophage", "Metformin";
- yana rage hawan glucose ta ciki da hanji - “Acarbose”;
- dauke da insulin;
- dauke da abubuwan da ake amfani da su na sulfonylurea - Diabeton da sauran analogues.
Biguanides galibi ana wajabta shi ga matasa marasa lafiya masu nauyin jiki. A cikin majinyata na manya, idan suna da abubuwan ci gaban cuta, magungunan suna tsokani lactic acidosis.
Abubuwan da keɓaɓɓe na sulfonylureas suna ba da gudummawa ga samar da insulin ta hanji. Wa'adinsu ya zama dole ga masu fama da rikice-rikice a cikin ciwon sukari. Yawan shaye-shayen magungunan nan na haifar da raguwa sosai a matakan glucose. Wannan yanayin yana cike da farawar cutar malaria.
An tsara shirye-shiryen insulin don masu ciwon sukari nau'in 2 a cikin lokuta na musamman. Jiyya yakan haifar da haifar da tsayayya da cuta ga magani. Ana ba da kuɗin kuɗin da ke ɗauke da insulin ga marasa lafiya a cikin waɗannan halayen.
Bugu da ƙari, an tsara wa marasa lafiya masu ciwon sukari magunguna:
- thiazolidinediones, wanda ke rage matakan sukari da kuma kara haɓakar ƙwayoyin mai zuwa insulin;
- meglitinides wanda ke motsa fitsari don samar da insulin.
Meglitinides tare da raguwa a cikin tattarawar glucose a cikin jini baya haifar da ci gaban hypoglycemia a cikin haƙuri. Yin amfani da thiazolidinediones an hana shi cikin masu ciwon sukari tare da alamun ciwon zuciya.
