Binciken dakin gwaje-gwajen cutar sankarau a cikin yara da manya

Adadin ci gaban rikitarwa a cikin masu ciwon sukari ya dogara da matakin sukari a cikin jininsu. Abinda ya fara gano cutar sankara shine, da sauri maganin cutar zai fara, wanda ke nufin ingancin da tsawon rai na mai haƙuri zai inganta. Tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, ƙaddamar da lokaci na jiyya yana ba da damar tsawon lokaci don kula da aikin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta. Tare da nau'in 1, gano farkon matsalolin matsaloli a cikin metabolism metabolism yana taimakawa wajen guje wa cutar ketoacidotic, kuma wani lokacin ceton rayuwar mai haƙuri.

Duk nau'ikan cutar guda biyu ba su da alamu na musamman, don haka fahimtar tare da tarihin mai haƙuri bai isa ba don yin ingantaccen ganewar asali. Hanyoyin dakin gwaje-gwaje na taimaka wa endocrinologist ta hanyoyin zamani. Tare da taimakonsu, ba za ku iya gano asalin cutar kawai ba, har ma ku tantance irinta da kuma matakin.

Hanyar don gano nau'in cutar 1 da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2

Saurin haɓakar ciwon sukari a cikin duniya yana karɓar bayanan, yana zama matsala ta zamantakewa. Fiye da 3% na yawan jama'a an riga an bincikar lafiya. A cewar masana, kamar yadda mutane da yawa ba su san farkon cutar ba, tunda ba su wahala da kamuwa da cutar a kan lokaci ba. Ko da siffofin asymptomatic masu laushi suna haifar da mummunar cutar ga jiki: tsokani atherosclerosis, lalata capillaries, game da haka yana hana gabobin da ƙoshin abinci mai gina jiki, ta rushe tsarin jijiya.

Mafi karancin kamuwa da cutar sankarau ya hada da gwaje-gwaje 2: gwajin glucose mai azumi da gwajin raunin glucose. Ana iya karɓar su kyauta idan kun ziyarci asibiti a kai a kai kuma ana gwajin likita. A kowane dakin gwaje-gwajen kasuwanci, duka nazarin ba za su kashe sama da 1000 rubles ba. Idan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta sun bayyana rashin daidaituwa a cikin metabolism metabolism, ko ƙididdigar jini yana kusa da ƙarshen iyakar al'ada, yana da daraja ziyartar endocrinologist.

Ciwon sukari da hauhawar jini zai zama abin da ya wuce

• Normalization na sukari -95%
• Cirewa kan jijiyoyin mara wuya - 70%
• Cire zuciyar mai karfin zuciya -90%
• Rabu da cutar hawan jini - 92%
• Increasearuwar kuzarin rana, inganta bacci da dare -97%

Don haka, mun ƙaddamar da gwajin haƙuri na glucose da haƙuri, kuma sakamakon su bai faranta mana rai ba. Wadanne safiyo ne har yanzu za su ci gaba?

Binciken ci gaba ya hada da:

1. Yarda da tarihin mai haƙuri, tattara bayanai game da alamu, salon rayuwa da al'adun cin abinci, gado.
2. Glycated haemoglobin ko fructosamine.
3. Nazarin Urinal
4. C peptide.
5. Bayyanar cututtukan ƙwayoyi.
6. Bayanin lipid na jini.

Wannan jeri na iya bambanta duka ta fuskar raguwa da haɓaka. Misali, idan an lura da saurin kamuwa da cutar, kuma mai haƙuri da ciwon sukari ya ƙasa da shekara 30, haɗarin cutar ta 1 ya yi yawa. Mai haƙuri zai yi gwaje-gwaje na tilas ga C-peptide da ƙwayoyin cuta. Lipids na jini a wannan yanayin, a matsayinka na al'ada, al'ada ce, saboda haka, ba za a gudanar da waɗannan karatun ba. Bayan haka kuma: a cikin tsofaffi mai haƙuri ba tare da yawan sukari mai yawa ba, tabbas za su bincika cholesterol da triglycerides, kuma za su kuma ba da izinin bincika gabobin da ke fama da rikice-rikice: idanu da kodan.

Bari muyi daki-daki game da karatuttukan da aka saba amfani dasu don gano cutar siga.

Tarihin likita

Bayanin da likita ya karɓa yayin tambayan mai haƙuri da kuma bincikensa na waje muhimmin abu ne a cikin ganewar asali ba kawai ciwon sukari ba, har ma da sauran cututtuka.

Kula da wadannan alamomin:

• matsananciyar ƙishirwa;
• bushewar mucous membranes;
• karuwar yawan ruwa da urination;
• kara rauni;
• tabarbarewa a cikin warkar da rauni, hali zuwa suppuration;
• tsananin bushewa da itching na fata;
• tsayayyun nau'ikan cututtukan fungal;
• tare da nau'in cuta 1 - asarar nauyi mai sauri.

Alamomin da suka fi kamuwa da cuta sune tashin zuciya, tsananin farin ciki, raunin ciki, gajiya mai rauni. Zasu iya nuna sukari mai yawa mai yawa a hade tare da ketoacidosis. Ciwon sukari na 2 mai kamar wuya yana da alamomi a farkon cutar, a cikin 50% na masu ciwon sukari da sukafi shekaru 65 da haihuwa, alamun asibiti ba su nan, har zuwa babban mataki.

Ana iya gano babban haɗarin ciwon sukari koda da gani. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, duk mutanen da ke da kiba mai ciki suna da aƙalla matakin farko na cin zarafin metabolism.

Don da'awar cewa mutum yana da ciwon sukari, alamun kawai ba su isa ba, koda kuwa sun kasance mai tsanani da tsawan lokaci. Ciwon sukari mellitus na iya samun alamu iri ɗaya, sabili da haka, ana buƙatar duk marasa lafiya suyi gwajin glucose na jini.

Yin azumi na sukari

Wannan bincike shine maɓalli a cikin binciken cutar sankara. Don bincike, ana ɗaukar jini daga jijiya bayan lokacin yunwa na awa 12. An ƙayyade glucose a cikin mmol / L. Sakamakon sama da 7 mafi yawan lokuta yana nuna ciwon sukari, daga 6.1 zuwa 7 - game da murdiya ta farko na metabolism, mai rauni mai rauni a cikin glycemia.

Azumin glucose yawanci yakan fara girma ba daga halayen cutar na 2 ba, amma dan kadan. Farkon sukari ya fara wucewa bayan cin abinci. Sabili da haka, idan sakamakon ya kasance sama da 5.9, yana da kyau a ziyarci likita kuma a ɗauki ƙarin gwaje-gwaje, aƙalla gwajin haƙuri na glucose.

Ana iya haɓaka sukari na ɗan lokaci saboda maganin kansa, masu kamuwa da cuta da wasu cututtuka na yau da kullun. Sabili da haka, in babu bayyanar cututtuka, ana ba da jini akai-akai.

Sharuɗɗa don gano ciwon sukari:

• Sau biyu wuce haddi na glucose mai azumi;
• guda haɓaka idan an lura da alamun halayyar.

Gwajin gwajin haƙuri

Wannan shine abin da ake kira "karatu karkashin kaya." Jikin "yana ɗaukar nauyi" tare da sukari mai yawa (yawanci suna ba da ruwa don sha tare da g 75 na glucose) kuma tsawon awanni 2 suna lura da yadda sauri ke barin jini. Gwajin glucose shine mafi kyawun hanyar da za'a bi don tantance masu ciwon sukari; yana nuna nakuda yayin azumin sukari har yanzu al'ada. An gano cutar idan glucose bayan awa 2 ≥ 11.1. Sakamakon sama da 7.8 yana nuna ciwon sukari.

Kulawa da cutar sikila na zamani kan taimaka wajan hana rikicewar ci gaban tayin, wani lokacin kuma ceton ran yaron. Sabili da haka, ana amfani da gwajin haƙuri na glucose don gano ciwon sukari a cikin mata yayin daukar ciki. Dole ne a mika shi a makonni 24-25.

>> Koyi: Yadda ake shan gwajin haƙuri

Glycated Hemoglobin da Fructosamine

Idan akwai tuhuma cewa bayyanar cutar sankara ta makara, kuma nau'in cuta ta 2 an fara daɗewa kafin a gano shi, bincika adadin gemoclobin glycated (HG) a cikin jini - ƙwayoyin haemoglobin da glucose. Samuwar GH kai tsaye ya dogara da sukari a cikin tasoshin kuma yana nuna matsakaicin matakinsa na watanni 3. Ana iya amfani dashi don yin hukunci game da tsananin cutar da bayar da shawarar kasancewar rikice-rikice. Sakamakon bincike daga 6% yana nuna ciwon suga, fiye da 6.5% - game da ciwon sukari. Ba a amfani da GH gwajin kawai don gano ciwon sukari ba, yana kuma kula da ingancin magani game da wannan cuta.

A wasu halaye, alal misali, tare da ƙananan haemoglobin, gwaji don GH na iya zama abin dogaro. A madadin haka, ana amfani da assam na fructosamine. Hakanan yana nuna duk glucose ya tashi, amma ga ɗan gajeren lokaci - 2 makonni. Yawancin lokaci, ana amfani da fructosamine a cikin μmol / L; sakamakon da ke sama da 285 yana nuna ciwon sukari mellitus.

Nazarin Urinal

Yakamata mutane masu lafiya basu da glucose a cikin fitsari. Ganowarsa a cikin adadin fiye da 2.89 mmol / L na iya zama sanadin cututtuka da yawa, saboda haka ba shi yiwuwa bayyanar cutar sankarau kawai ta hanyar nazarin fitsari. A cikin ciwon sukari, sukari yana shiga cikin fitsari lokacin da ƙaddamar da ƙwayar sel a cikin jini ya wuce (kimanin 9 mmol / L a cikin manya, 11 mmol / L a cikin yara). Ga marasa lafiya da ke da cutar siga daga masu shekaru 65, nazarin glucose a cikin fitsari ba shi da ma'ana, tunda za a iya canza bakin ƙirar su. Duk da rashin daidaito, wannan bincike ne ya bamu damar gano yawancin masu cutar sukari wadanda basu san cutar su ba. Dalilin wannan mai sauki ne - ana bayar da fitsari sau da yawa fiye da glucose na jini.

Tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1, gano acetonuria - ketones a cikin fitsari yana da mahimmanci. Fitowar ta yana nuna farkon ketoacidosis, rikicewar rikicewar rikicewar cuta mai barazanar kamuwa da cutar sankarau. Marasa lafiya tare da ketoacidosis da zargin cutar sankara bukatar asibiti mai gaggawa.

Kara karantawa:

• haɗarin acetone a cikin fitsari;
• nazarin fitsari a cewar Nechiporenko.

Gwaje-gwaje na gwaje-gwaje kawai zasu iya gano ciwon sukari.

C peptide

A wasu halaye, ba za a iya tantance nau'in ciwon sukari ba kawai dangane da tarihin tarihi da gwajin sukari. Don rarrabuwar ƙwayar cuta, ana nazarin abun ciki na C-peptide a cikin tasoshin. A cikin nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari, ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta sun lalace kuma ba za su iya sake yin insulin ba. Magungunan rigakafi zuwa ga hormone sau da yawa suna cikin jini, don haka gwajin insulin zai zama mara amfani. An samar da C-peptide lokaci guda tare da insulin, babu kwayoyi masu kariya a jikinta, sabili da haka, da yawanta mutum na iya yin hukunci da yanayin cututtukan.

Alamar Autoimmune

Ana nuna nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari ta lalacewar autoimmune lalacewa ga ƙwayoyin beta waɗanda ke samar da insulin. Abubuwan bincike na zamani na iya gano kwayoyin cuta a cikin jini tun kafin fara tasirin su. Abin takaici, babu ingantattun hanyoyin kariya, saboda haka ana amfani da gwaje-gwaje na antibody kawai don sanin nau'in ciwon sukari.

90% na lokuta a cikin marasa lafiya da nau'in 1 za a iya gano su:

Binciken alamar Autoimmune alama ce mai mahimmanci ga kayan aiki na bambancin kamuwa da cutar sankarau. Sakamako mai kyau tare da sukari mai haɓaka yana nuna lalata sel beta da kuma buƙatar insulin far.

Jiki a cikin jini

A cikin nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, rikice-rikice na carbohydrate da metabolism metabolism a cikin mafi yawan lokuta suna haɓaka lokaci guda, suna haifar da abin da ake kira ciwo na rayuwa. Ana haifar da masu ciwon sukari ta hanyar matsaloli tare da matsin lamba, kiba, raunin hormonal, atherosclerosis da cututtukan zuciya, rashin ƙarfi a cikin maza, ƙwayoyin polycystic a cikin mata.

Idan an gano nau'ikan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan 2 guda biyu sakamakon kamuwa da cutar, an shawarci marasa lafiya suyi gwajin gwajin jini. Waɗannan sun haɗa da cholesterol da triglycerides, tare da tsawaita gwajin, lipoprotein da cholesterol VLDL suma an ƙaddara.

Profilearamin bayanin martaba mai amfani da ya hada da:

Yaushe za'a tuntuɓi wani kwararre

Canje-canje na farko, ana kiranta ciwon suga, ana iya warke gaba ɗaya. Mataki na gaba na cuta shine ciwon sukari. A yanzu, ana daukar wannan cuta a matsayin maras nauyi, ba za a iya warkewa ba, ana tilasta masu haƙuri da cutar siga su canza rayuwarsu gabaɗaya, kula da ƙididdigar jini na yau da kullun tare da taimakon allunan da maganin insulin. A cikin lokaci, ana gano ciwon sukari a cikin sassan marasa lafiya. Tare da nau'in cuta ta 1, ana samun yawan adadin marasa lafiya zuwa asibiti a cikin yanayin ketoacidotic precoma ko coma, kuma tare da nau'in na 2, an fara cutar kuma rikice-rikice sun fara.

Bayyanar cututtukan sankarau sanadiyyar kamuwa da cutar sankara shine sharudda game da nasarar aikinsa. Don gano cutar a farkon, ya wajaba:

1. Yi gwajin haƙuri na glucose akai-akai. Har zuwa shekaru 40 - sau ɗaya a kowace shekara 5, daga shekaru 40 - kowace shekara 3, idan akwai yanayin tsadar gado, ƙarancin kiba da halaye masu ƙoshin lafiya - kowace shekara.
2. Yi gwajin bayyani don sukari mai azumi a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje ko tare da mitarin glucose na jini na gida idan kuna da alamun cutar takamaiman cutar siga.
3. Idan sakamakon ya wuce al'ada ko kusa da iyakarta na sama, ziyarci wani mahaukacin likita don ƙarin bincike.