Hormone na Pancreatic, wanda ke da alhakin sarrafa metabolism na carbohydrates a cikin jiki, ana kiran shi insulin. Idan babu isasshen insulin, to wannan yakan haifar da hanyoyin rashi, sakamakon wanda sukarin jini ya yawaita.
A cikin duniyar yau, ana magance wannan matsala kawai. Yawan adadin insulin a cikin jini za'a iya tsara shi ta hanyar injections na musamman. Ana ɗauka wannan shine babban magani ga mellitus na ciwon sukari na nau'in farko kuma da wuya nau'in na biyu.
Yawan kwayoyin da ke cikin kullun ana ƙaddara su daban-daban, dangane da tsananin cutar, yanayin mai haƙuri, abincinsa, da kuma hoton asibiti gaba ɗaya. Amma gabatarwar insulin iri ɗaya ne ga kowa, kuma ana aiwatar dashi daidai da wasu ƙa'idodi da shawarwari.
Wajibi ne a yi la’akari da ka’idojin kwantar da insulin, don gano yadda lissafin kashi na insulin yake faruwa. Menene banbanci tsakanin aikin insulin a cikin yara, da yadda ake tsinke insulin?
Fasali na lura da ciwon sukari
Dukkanin ayyuka a cikin lura da ciwon sukari suna da manufa ɗaya - wannan shine daidaitawar glucose a jikin mai haƙuri. Ana kiran ƙa'idar cikin taro, wanda ba shi da ƙasa da raka'a 3.5, amma bai wuce iyakar babba na raka'a 6 ba.
Akwai dalilai da yawa da ke haifar da lalacewar aikin hanji. A cikin mafi yawan lokuta, irin wannan tsari yana tattare da raguwa a cikin kwayar insulin na hormone, bi da bi, wannan yana haifar da cin zarafin hanyoyin rayuwa da narkewa.
Jiki ba zai iya samun makamashi daga abincin da aka ƙone ba, yana tara glucose mai yawa, wanda ƙwayoyin ba sa ɗaukar su, amma kawai ya kasance cikin jinin mutum. Lokacin da aka lura da wannan sabon abu, ƙwayar hanji tana karɓar siginar cewa dole ne a samar da insulin.
Amma tunda aikinsa yana da rauni, ƙwayar cuta ta ciki ba zata sake yin aiki a baya, yanayin cikekken tsari, samar da kwayar halittar yana da jinkiri, yayin da ake samarwa da ƙananan abubuwa. Yanayin mutum yana ta yin muni, kuma a kan lokaci, abubuwan da ke cikin insulin nasu ya kusanci sifili.
A wannan yanayin, gyaran abinci mai gina jiki da tsayayyen abinci ba zai ishe ku ba, kuna buƙatar gabatarwar hormone na roba. A cikin ilimin likitanci na zamani, ana rarrabe nau'ikan pathology biyu:
- Nau'in na farko na ciwon sukari (ana kiransa insulin-dependant), lokacin gabatarwar hormone yana da mahimmanci.
- Nau'in na biyu na ciwon suga (wanda ba shi da insulin-ba). Tare da wannan nau'in cutar, sau da yawa fiye da ba, abinci mai dacewa ya isa, kuma ana samar da insulin. Koyaya, a cikin gaggawa, ana iya buƙatar kulawa da hormone don guje wa hypoglycemia.
Tare da nau'in cuta ta 1, samar da hormone a jikin mutum an rufe shi gabaɗaya, sakamakon abin da aikin dukkanin gabobin ciki da tsarin ke rushewa. Don gyara halin, kawai samar da sel tare da analog na hormone zai taimaka.
Jiyya a wannan yanayin yana da rai. Yakamata a yi haƙuri da masu ciwon sukari a kowace rana. Abubuwan da ke tattare da tsarin insulin shine cewa dole ne a gudanar dashi cikin lokaci don ware wani mummunan yanayi, kuma idan kwayar ta faru, to kuna buƙatar sanin menene kulawa ta gaggawa ga mai cutar siga.
Magungunan insulin ne don maganin ciwon sukari wanda ke ba ka damar sarrafa abubuwan glucose a cikin jini, kula da aikin ƙwayar cutar a matakin da ake buƙata, yana hana mummunan aiki da sauran gabobin ciki.
Lationididdigar ƙwayar ƙwayar cutar ciki don manya da yara
Zaɓin insulin shine ainihin aikin mutum. Yawan adadin sassan da aka bada shawarar a cikin sa'o'i 24 suna shafar yawancin alamu. Waɗannan sun haɗa da maganganun haɗuwa, ƙungiyar shekarun haƙuri, "ƙwarewar" cutar da sauran nuances.
An tabbatar da cewa a cikin yanayin gabaɗaya, buƙatuwar rana don masu haƙuri da ciwon sukari ba su wuce raka'a ɗaya na kwayar kilogram na nauyin jikinta. Idan wannan matakin ya wuce, to damar samun rikice-rikice yana ƙaruwa.
An lissafta sashi na miyagun ƙwayoyi kamar haka: wajibi ne don ninka adadin yau da kullun na miyagun ƙwayoyi ta hanyar nauyin mai haƙuri. Daga wannan ƙididdigar ya bayyana sarai cewa gabatarwar hormone yana dogara ne akan nauyin jikin mai haƙuri. Mai nuna alama na farko koyaushe an saita shi ne gwargwadon ƙungiyar haƙuri, ƙarancin cutar da "ƙwarewarsa".
Kullun maganin insulin na roba zai iya bambanta:
- A matakin farko na cutar, ba fiye da raka'a 0.5 / kg ba.
- Idan ciwon sukari a cikin shekara guda yana da kyau a warkar da shi, to ana bada shawarar raka'a 0 / kg.
- Tare da mummunan nau'in cutar, rashin daidaituwa na glucose a cikin jini - 0.7 PIECES / kg.
- Tsarin cututtukan ƙwayar cuta shine 0.8 U / kg.
- Idan an lura da rikice-rikice - 0.9 LATSA / kg.
- A lokacin daukar ciki, musamman, a cikin uku-uku - 1 rago / kg.
Bayan an karɓi bayanan sashi na kowace rana, ana yin lissafi. Don hanya ɗaya, mara lafiya zai iya shiga ba raka'a 40 na hormone ba, kuma yayin ranar sashi ya bambanta daga raka'a 70 zuwa 80.
Yawancin marasa lafiya har yanzu basu fahimci yadda ake lissafin kashi ba, amma wannan yana da mahimmanci. Misali, mara lafiya yana da nauyin jiki kilo 90, kuma maganinsa a rana shine 0.6 U / kg. Don yin lissafi, kuna buƙatar raka'a 90 * 0.6 = 54. Wannan shine jimlar sati daya.
Idan an ba da shawarar haƙuri ga dogon lokaci, to, dole ne a raba sakamakon zuwa kashi biyu (54: 2 = 27). Ya kamata a rarraba sashi tsakanin gwamnatin safiya da maraice, a cikin rabo biyu zuwa ɗaya. A cikin yanayinmu, waɗannan raka'a 36 da 18 ne.
A kan "gajere" hormone ya rage raka'a 27 (daga cikin 54 kowace rana). Dole ne ya kasu kashi biyu a jere allurai kafin abinci, ya danganta da yawan abin da ke tattare da carbohydrate da mai haƙuri yake shirin ci. Ko, raba ta hanyar "rabo": 40% na safe, kuma 30% a cikin abincin rana da maraice.
A cikin yara, buƙatun jiki ga insulin ya fi girma idan aka kwatanta da manya. Fasali na sashi don yara:
- A matsayinka na mai mulki, idan bayyanar cututtuka ta faru, to a matsakaita 0.5 an wajabta kowace kilo kilogram na nauyi.
- Shekaru biyar daga baya, sashi yana ƙaruwa zuwa kashi ɗaya.
- A lokacin balaga, karuwa sake faruwa zuwa 1.5 ko ma raka'a 2.
- Sannan bukatar bukatun jiki ta ragu, kuma raka'a ɗaya ya isa.
Gabaɗaya dai, hanyar sarrafa insulin ga ƙananan marasa lafiya ba ta da bambanci. Lokacin kawai, ƙaramin yaro ba zai yi allura da kansa ba, don haka ya kamata iyaye su sarrafa shi.
Sirinjin Hormone
Duk magungunan insulin yakamata a adana su a cikin firiji, zazzaranin da aka ba da shawara don ajiya shine digiri 2-8 sama da 0. Sau da yawa ana samun maganin a cikin nau'in alkalami na musamman wanda ya dace don ɗauka tare da ku idan kuna buƙatar yin allura da yawa a cikin rana.
Ana iya adanar su ba fiye da kwanaki 30 ba, kuma kaddarorin magungunan sun ɓace a ƙarƙashin rinjayar zafi. Nazarin masu haƙuri sun nuna cewa ya fi sayen siran alkalami waɗanda aka sanye su da allurar da aka riga aka gina. Irin waɗannan samfuran suna da aminci kuma mafi aminci.
Lokacin sayen, kuna buƙatar kula da farashin rabo na sirinji. Idan don balagaggu - wannan raka'a ɗaya ce, to, ga yaro raka'a 0.5. Ga yara, an fi son a zaɓi ɗan wasa gajere da na bakin ciki waɗanda ba su wuce milimita 8 ba.
Kafin ku dauki insulin a cikin sirinji, kuna buƙatar bincika shi a hankali don yarda da shawarar likita: shin magani ya dace, shine kunshin duka, menene haɗarin maganin.
Ya kamata a rubuta wa insulin allura don kamar haka:
- Wanke hannu, bi da maganin ƙuraje, ko sa safa hannu.
- Sannan an buɗe hula akan kwalbar.
- Ana bi da alkalin kwalbar da auduga, sanya shi a cikin giya.
- Jira minti daya don shan barasa ya ƙafe.
- Bude kunshin wanda ke dauke da sirinjin insulin.
- Juya kwalban magani a juye, da tara magungunan da ake so (karin yawa a cikin kumfa zai taimaka wajen tattara maganin).
- Ja da allura daga vial tare da magani, saita ainihin sigar hormone. Yana da mahimmanci a tabbata cewa babu iska a cikin sirinji.
Lokacin da ake buƙata don gudanar da insulin na wani sakamako na dogon lokaci, ampoule tare da maganin dole ne "an yi birgima a cikin tafin hannunka" har sai maganin ya zama mai cike da gizagizai.
Idan babu sirinjin insulin wanda za'a iya zubar dashi, to zaku iya amfani da samfurin da za'a sake amfani dashi. Amma a lokaci guda, kuna buƙatar samun allura biyu: ta hanyar guda ɗaya, ana kiran magani, tare da taimakon na biyu, ana aiwatar da gudanarwa.
A ina kuma ta yaya ake sarrafa insulin?
An saka hormone a cikin kashin mai, a in ba haka ba magani ba zai sami tasirin warkewar da ake so ba. Za'a iya aiwatar da gabatarwar a cikin kafada, ciki, cinya ta gaban ciki, maɓallin gluteal na waje.
Nazarin likitocin ba su ba da shawarar gudanar da maganin a kafada da kansu ba, saboda akwai yuwuwar cewa mai haƙuri ba zai iya samar da “fatar fatar jiki” ba kuma yana shayar da maganin.
Yankin cikin ciki shine mafi kyawun zaba, musamman idan ana gudanar da allurai na gajeren hormone. Ta hanyar wannan yankin, ana amfani da maganin sosai.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa yankin allurar yana buƙatar canza kullun. Idan ba a yi wannan ba, ingancin ɗaukar ƙwayar zai canza, za a sami bambance-bambance a cikin glucose a cikin jini, duk da cewa an shigar da ƙimar daidai.
Ka’idojin gudanar da aikin insulin ba sa bada izinin allura a wuraren da aka yi gyara: sikari, kumburi, kumburi da sauransu.
Don shigar da miyagun ƙwayoyi, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar sirinji na yau da kullun ko kuma alkalami-pen. Algorithm don gudanar da insulin shine kamar haka (ɗauka a matsayin tushen cewa sirinji tare da insulin ya rigaya ya shirya):
- Kula da wurin allura tare da swabs biyu waɗanda ke cike da barasa. Swaya daga cikin swab yana kula da babban farfajiya, na biyu yana ɓatar da yankin allurar.
- Jira minti talatin har sai giyar zata bushe.
- Hannun hannu ya samar da babban ɓangaren kitse, kuma ɗayan hannun yana saka allura a wani kusurwa na digiri 45 a cikin tushe.
- Ba tare da sakin jakar ba, tura piston har zuwa kasa, allurar, cire sirinji.
- Sannan zaku iya barin fatar fatar.
Magunguna na zamani don daidaitawa da tattarawar glucose a cikin jini ana sayar da su sau da yawa a cikin alkalami na musamman. Suna iya amfani dasu ko za'a iya amfani dasu, sun sha bamban a gwargwadon yawansu, suna zuwa ne da canzawa da ginannen allura.
Jami'in da ke samar da kuɗaɗen yana ba da umarni don madaidaicin gudanar da kwayoyin na hormone:
- Idan ya cancanta, haxa maganin ta girgiza.
- Duba allura ta hanyar zubar da jini daga sirinji.
- Karkatar da maɗauri a ƙarshen sirinji don daidaita sashi da ake so.
- Formirƙira takalmin fata, yi allura (kama da bayanin farko).
- Ka fitar da allura, bayan ta gama rufewa da abin rufewa, sai kana buƙatar jefa shi.
- Hannun a ƙarshen hanyar, rufe.
Yadda ake yin insulin, kuma me yasa ake buƙata?
Yawancin marasa lafiya suna da sha'awar dalilin da yasa ake buƙatar insulin dilution. A ce majiyyaci mai nau'in masu ciwon sukari ne guda 1, yana da sihiri. A ce mai amfani da insulin gajere yana rage sukari a cikin jininsa zuwa raka'a 2.
Tare da rage cin abinci mai saurin ragewa, yawan sukari na jini ya haura zuwa raka'a 7, kuma yana son rage shi zuwa raka'a 5.5. Don yin wannan, yana buƙatar ɗaukar guda ɗaya na gajeren hormone (kimanin adadi).
Zai dace a lura cewa "kuskuren" sirinji insulin shine 1/2 na sikelin. Kuma a cikin mafi yawan lokuta, sirinji yana da rarraba rarraba zuwa raka'a biyu, kuma don haka yana da matukar wahala a rubuta guda ɗaya, don haka dole ne a nemi wata hanya.
Yana da don rage yiwuwar gabatar da ba daidai ba sashi, kana buƙatar dilution na miyagun ƙwayoyi. Misali, idan kun tsarma magani sau 10, to ku shiga sashin guda ɗaya kuna buƙatar shigar da raka'a 10 na maganin, wanda yafi sauƙin yin wannan dabarar.
Misalin daidai ingantaccen magani ne:
- Don magance sau 10, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar ɗayan ɓangarorin magani da sassan tara na “sauran ƙarfi”.
- Don tsarke sau 20, ana ɗayan sashi na hormone da sassan 19 na “ƙarfi”.
Za'a iya narkar da '' insulin 'da gishirin ruwan sha ko distilled, sauran kayan maye an haramta su sosai. Wadannan taya za a iya narkar da su kai tsaye a cikin sirinji ko a cikin wani akwati daban kai tsaye kafin gudanarwa. A madadin, vial mara nauyi wanda a baya yana da insulin. Kuna iya adanar insulin da aka tsinke bai wuce awa 72 a firiji ba.
Ciwon sukari mellitus cuta ce mai mahimmanci wanda ke buƙatar kulawa da glucose koyaushe a cikin jini, kuma dole ne a tsara shi ta hanyar injections na insulin. Hanyar shigarwar abu ne mai sauki kuma mai araha, babban abu shine a kirkiri kaso daidai kuma ka shiga cikin kitsen mai kitse. Bidiyo a cikin wannan labarin zai nuna maka dabarar sarrafa insulin.
