Dogaro da nau'in cutar, alamu daban-daban da alamu na ciwon sukari na iya faruwa. Matakan farko na haɓakar ƙwayar cuta, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba a haɗa su da bayyananniyar bayyanar cututtuka, wanda sau da yawa ba zai ba da izinin gano cutar a kan lokaci ba.
Mafi yawan lokuta, bayyanar cututtuka na rikice-rikice na rayuwa a cikin jiki suna bayyana ne kawai bayan lokaci mai tsawo bayan matakin sukari a cikin jini na jini na mutum ya tashi sama da tsarin dabi'a.
Increasearuwar glucose a cikin jiki yana haifar da rikice-rikice na carbohydrate ba kawai, har ma da furotin da metabolism metabolism, kuma wannan yana haifar da sarkar amsawa na haɓaka cikakkiyar rikitarwa a jikin mai haƙuri.
Wani nau'in cutar ta wanzu?
Cutar sankara (mellitus) cuta ce wacce akwai dangi ko rashin wadatar matsayin insulin a jikin mutum.
Tsarin cututtukan cuta yana haifar da cin zarafin carbohydrate da sauran matakai na rayuwa, ƙara haɓaka matakin glucose a cikin jini.
A yau, manyan abubuwanda zasu iya haifar da ci gaban wannan ilimin sune:
- gado na gado ꓼ
- kibaꓼ
- hauhawar jini
- babban cholesterol.
Babban siffofin bayyanar cutar na iya faruwa ta hanyar:
- Type 1 ciwon sukari mellitus wani nau'in insulin ne wanda ya dogara da shi. Zai iya haɓaka duka a cikin mutane tare da nauyin al'ada da kuma a cikin marasa lafiya tare da kiba. Bambancin halayyar wannan nau'in shine rashin samar da insulin (ko kaɗan kaɗan) ta hanjin ƙwayar cuta. Saboda haka, mutumin da yake da irin wannan cutar ya dogara da injections na wannan hormone.
- Nau'in cututtukan siga na 2 na mafi yawanci yakan zama a cikin mutane bayan shekara arba'in da waɗanda suke masu kiba. Cutar koda tana samar da wani sinadari a jikin mutum wanda ya cancanci zama jiki, to amma kwayoyin sa ba sa daukar insulin a koda yaushe. Sakamakon raguwa a cikin ƙwayoyin sel zuwa hormone, glucose ta tara cikin jini, tunda ba zai iya shiga cikin kasusuwa ba.
Yayinda ciwon sukari ke tasowa, duk alamu marasa kyau na cutar sun fara bayyana.
Bugu da kari, Pathology na iya samun ire-irensu irinsu ciwon suga, wanda ke iya faruwa a cikin mata yayin lokacin haihuwar ko kuma ya zama sanadiyyar haɓakar haɓaka.
Babban alamomin nau'in ciwon sukari na 1
Tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1, bayyanar alamun bayyanar cututtuka da haɓakar ƙwayar cuta yana faruwa cikin hanzari, yana samun saurin hanzari.
Sharpara yawan sukari da ke cikin jini na iya sa mara lafiyar ya yi rauni kuma ya haifar da cutar siga.
Bayan haka, gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwajen da aka yi sun tabbatar da binciken da ya dace.
A wannan yanayin, ciwon sukari na iya samun alamu kamar haka:
- Thirstarfin kishi mai ƙarfi, wanda ke shan mara lafiya a cikin yini (har ma da daddare), sakamakon shi shine yawan shan ruwa kusan biyar.
- Warin rashin warin acetone daga bakin ciki.
- Apparin ci da cin abinci kullum. Tare da wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki har ma da ƙaramar aiki, ƙarancin jiki da asarar nauyi mai nauyi ke faruwa.
- Sau da yawa urination, musamman da dare.
- Haɓaka matsaloli tare da fatar, bayyanar da babban adadin ƙananan tsiwo ko fitsarin fungal.
- Ko da ƙananan abrasion ko raunuka suna warkar da wahala da daɗewa.
Daga cikin dalilan da ke haifar da haɓakar wata cuta ta wannan nau'in, sau da yawa sun haɗa da cututtukan hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri wanda ke haifar da cutar kyanda, amai da amai da gudawa.
Bugu da kari, matsanancin tashin hankali ko damuwa na iya haifar da ciwon suga.
Babban alamun bayyanar cututtukan type 2
A cikin nau'in 2 na ciwon sukari na mellitus, bayyanar cututtuka ba ya faruwa nan da nan, amma bayan wani lokaci.
Sabili da haka, yawancin lokaci ba zai yiwu a bincikar cutar ta kai tsaye ba.
Yana iya ɗaukar shekaru da yawa kafin alamun da aka san su sa mutumin ya yi gwajin da yakamata kuma ya ɗauki gwaje-gwaje. Ganewar asali ne kawai zai hana ci gaban wannan cuta.
Nau'in cututtukan siga na 2 na ciwon sukari na iya bayyana kansa a cikin alamun bayyanar cututtuka masu zuwa:
- Sharparfafawar gani a cikin hangen nesa, koda da ƙananan ƙwayar ido.
- Iguearfi da saurin gazawar jiki, rage yawan aiki da kuma rashin ƙarfi. Ko da hutawa mai kyau da bacci ba ya kawo sakamakon da ya dace, jin gajiya da rauni bai tafi ba.
- Babban ƙishirwa, rashin iya nutsuwa ko da ruwan sha mai yawa.
- Itching na fata da sauran cututtukan fata an bayyana - fatar jiki, redness ko aibobi.
- Urination akai-akai.
- Mai jin zafi mai rauni, cramps a cikin 'yan maruƙa na iya faruwa.
- A kan kafafu, musamman a cikin kewayen shin, ƙananan raunuka na ƙafa tare da ciwon sukari mellitus sun bayyana waɗanda suke da wuyar warkarwa.
- Matsaloli tare da yanayin haila a cikin mata, bayyanar thrushꓼ
- Asedara hauhawar jini, haɓakar cututtuka na tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, zai yiwu.
Idan mutum ya lura da bayyanar alamun alamun da ke sama, ya zama dole a tuntuɓi cibiyar likita don gwaji.
Bayyanar syndromes tare da haɓakar cutar
Sau da yawa, bayyanar syndromes a cikin nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 yana daidai da alamomin da ke bayyana. A zahiri, syndromes masu ciwon sukari tarin abubuwa ne da yawa.
Wasu lokuta, ana kiran cutar ta Raynaud azaman bayyanar ciwon sukari. Cutar Raynaud ba shi da alaƙa da sukari ko matakan insulin. Raunin Raynaud yana haɓaka asalin yanayin rikice-rikice wanda ke haifar da ci gaba da ciwon sukari na 1. Abunda ke haifar da raunin Raynaud shine scleroderma, atherosclerosis, periarthritis da thromboangiitis obliterans. Raunin Reynaud yana tare da sanyaya, numbness, jin zafi a hannu.
Syndromes tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 ana iya wakilta su ta hanyar abubuwan da ke biyowa:
- Cutar kansa ta Moriak yakan bayyana ne a cikin ƙuruciya. Cutar ta Moriak tana da alamomi masu zuwa - jinkirta ci gaba a cikin yara, kirkirar fasalin fuskoki a siffar wata. Babban dalilin bayyanuwar irin wannan cutar ta cuta kamar ta Moriak syndrome shine gabatarwar insulin mara inganci, matakin da ba daidai bane.
- Ana kiranta cutar ta metabolism yayin bayyanuwar juriya ta insulin. Maganin cutar ta metabolismic yana haɓaka ta hanyar rashin tsinkayen insulin ta sel. Saboda haka, duk tafiyar matakai na rayuwa a cikin jiki suna rushewa. Mafi sau da yawa, ciwo na rayuwa shine sakamakon rashin bin ka'idar rage cin abinci. Wannan ilimin cututtukan cututtukan sau da yawa ya zama babban ciwo kuma yana haifar da ci gaba da cututtuka irin su hauhawar jini, ischemia, da kiba.
- Nau'in nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 sau da yawa ya ƙunshi bayyanar Somoji. Daya daga cikin sakamakon wannan abin shine yawan adadin insulin da ake buƙata. Babban bayyanar cututtuka, wanda zai iya nuna cewa jiki yana karɓar ƙwayar insulin, na iya bayyana azaman ci, ƙoshin jiki, da kumburi a cikin sukari.
- Morning Dawn Syndrome shine babban ciwo na ciwon sukari mellitus, wanda ke bayyana kanta a cikin nau'i na haɓakar sukari na jini da safe, a tsakanin daga 4 zuwa 6 hours.
- Cutar mai fama da cutar sankara na iya bayyana azaman rashin lafiyar nephrotic. Sakamakon wannan sakamako shine haɓakar cutar kansa mai narkewa, lokacin da canje-canje ya faru a cikin tasoshin kodan. Saboda haka, mutum na iya haɓaka gazawar renal.
Wannan ilimin aikin likita yana bayyana kanta a cikin hanyar kumburi, bayyanar furotin a cikin fitsari, ciwon kai da matsaloli tare da narkewa.
Yaya ake gano cutar?
Bayyanar cututtuka na ciwon sukari mellitus ya haɗa da ƙaddamar da gwaje-gwajen da suka dace, kazalika da amfani da hanyoyin kayan aiki na zamani.
Nazari na farko da babba wanda dole ne a mika shi ga marassa lafiya tare da wadanda ake zargi da cutar sankara shine sanyin jini a cikin jini. Don kwanaki da yawa kafin bayar da gudummawar jini don bincike, ba a bada shawara ga bin abubuwan abinci da canza salon rayuwarku ta yau da kullun.
Yakamata a lura cewa domin samun sakamako daidai, ya zama dole a bi wasu ka'idodi:
- jini ana bayar da gudummawa kawai da safe kuma kawai akan komai a cikiꓼ
- Abincin da ya gabata yakamata ya kasance aƙalla sa'o'i goma kafin a fara aiwatarwa
- A ranar hawan binciken, yanayi mai damuwa da damuwa na firgici mai ƙarfi wanda ke haɓaka aikin ya kamata a guji shi.
Bugu da kari, hanyoyin bincike da nazari wadanda zasu iya shiga sun hada da:
- gwajin da ke tantance matakin haƙuri a jiki
- yayi nazari game da kuzari na alamomi masu nuna alamun ci gaban glycemiaлик
- Ana gudanar da bincike gaba daya game da fitsari don tantance bayanai kamar kasancewar furotin, farin jini da matakan glucose a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, ana iya yin bincike don kashin acetone a cikin fitsari
- yana bayar da jini don kasancewar glycosylated haemoglobin, wanda ke nuna matsayin ci gaban ciwon sukari
- Sakamakon gwajin jini na kwayoyin halittar jiki na iya ƙayyade aikin al'ada na hanta da kodanꓼ
- Dangane da sakamakon gwajin jini, zaku iya samun bayanai akan matakin insulin na endogenous.
Bugu da kari, shawara da jarrabawa tare da likitan mahaifa ana iya buƙatar su, saboda mummunan lalacewar hangen nesa. Kwararren likita zaiyi nazari akan asusu kuma zai tantance matakin hangen nesa.
A wasu halaye, an wajabta mai haƙuri sikirin duban dan tayi na gabobin ciki da na kwakwalwa, tunda cutar ba ta da tasiri a tsarin jijiyoyin zuciya.
Babban hanyoyin magancewa
Kula da cutar ya dogara da binciken da likitocin suka yi. Hada magunguna don kamuwa da ciwon sukari na 1 ya hada da:
- magani ꓼ
- abincin abinciꓼ
- motsa jiki.
Insulin far, a wannan yanayin, an ƙaddara shi da matakin ci gaban ilimin halayyar mutum da halayen kowane mutum na haƙuri. Tsarin guda ɗaya da za'a yi amfani da shi ga duk marassa lafiya ba tare da togiya ba ya zama a yau.
A cikin lura da nau'in sukari na 2 na ciwon sukari, ana amfani da magunguna na musamman don daidaita matakan sukari na jini. Bugu da kari, bin ka'idodin abincin da aka tsara da aikin kwantar da hankali sune abubuwan da ake bukata. Magungunan shan magani, a matsayin mai mulkin, ya hada da shan magungunan antidiabetic na baka wanda ke buƙatar shan sau ɗaya ko sau biyu a rana. Idan basu da inganci, likitocin da ke halartar na iya yanke shawara kan bukatar yin aikin insulin.
Mafi sau da yawa, ana fara amfani da ilimin insulin a cikin waɗannan halaye masu zuwa:
- mara lafiya ya fara rasa nauyi da sauriꓼ
- magunguna da aka dauka ba su kawo sakamakon da ake so ba
- cutar ta fara haɓaka da sauri, alamun farko na rikitarwa sun bayyana.
Lokaci guda tare da ilimin insulin, ana amfani da abinci na musamman a cikin aikin kulawa, wanda ke ba da damar rage matakin glucose a cikin jini.
An gina abincin ne gwargwadon waɗannan ka'idodi:
- Samfuran da aka yarda don amfani. Waɗannan sun haɗa da sabo kayan lambu da kayan ƙwari, namomin kaza ko mai daɗaɗɗa, da sukari da abubuwan sha na maganin kafeyin.
- Iyakantaccen amfani da nama mai durkushewa daga kaji ko kifi, qwai, berries da wasu 'ya'yan itaciyar da ba a sansu ba. A cikin adadin da ya dace, ana ba da izinin samfuran kiwo tare da rage mai mai.
Bugu da kari, duk abincin da aka haramta ya kamata a cire shi daga abincin.
A cikin bidiyon a cikin wannan labarin, Elena Malysheva zai yi magana game da alamun farko na ciwon sukari da kuma ganewar asali.
