Ciwon sukari mellitus cuta ce ta endocrinological da ke haifar da mummunan rauni na farji. Sakamakon wannan, a cikin jikin mai haƙuri akwai cikakke ko rabin dakatar da samar da insulin na hormone, wanda shine babban mahimmanci a cikin shan glucose.
Irin wannan cin zarafin ƙwayar carbohydrate yana haifar da karuwa mai yawa a cikin sukari na jini, wanda ya cutar da duk tsarin da gabobin ciki na mutum, yana haifar da haɓaka rikice-rikice.
Duk da gaskiyar cewa endocrinology yana hulɗa da lalata insulin mai rauni, ciwon sukari cuta ce da ke haifar da lahani ga jikin mutum baki ɗaya. Saboda haka, sakamakon ciwon sukari yana haɓaka a cikin yanayi kuma yana iya haifar da bugun zuciya, bugun jini, tarin fuka, asarar hangen nesa, yankan hanun kafa da rashin ƙarfin jima'i.
Don sanin duk wata hanya mai amfani game da wannan cuta, yakamata a bincika yadda endocrinology yake kallon sikari da kuma hanyoyin zamani na magance ta. Waɗannan bayanan na iya zama babbar sha'awa ba kawai ga masu ciwon sukari ba, har ma ga danginsu waɗanda ke son taimakawa danginsu su jimre wa wannan cutar mai haɗari.
Siffofin
A cewar endocrinologists, a cikin cututtukan da ke haifar da rikicewar metabolism, ciwon sukari shine na biyu mafi yawanci, na biyu kawai zuwa kiba a cikin wannan alamar. Dangane da wani binciken da aka yi kwanan nan, a yanzu daya daga cikin mutane goma a Duniya na fama da ciwon sukari.
Koyaya, yawancin marasa lafiya na iya ɗaukar shakku game da mummunan ciwo, tun da ciwon sukari mellitus sau da yawa yakan ci gaba a cikin wani yanayi na latent. Cutar da ba a tsara ba tana haifar da babban haɗari ga mutane, tun da ba ta ba da izinin gano cutar kuma lokaci ne da za a gano shi bayan mai haƙuri yana da rikitarwa mai wahala.
Har ila yau, mahimmancin ciwon sukari mellitus kuma ya ta'allaka ne da cewa yana bayar da gudummawa ga cuta mai haɓaka ƙwayar cuta, yana da mummunan tasiri akan ƙwayar carbohydrate, furotin da mai mai. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa insulin da aka samar da β-sel na pancreas yana da alaƙa ba kawai a cikin shan glucose ba, har ma a cikin fats da sunadarai.
Amma mafi girman lahani ga jikin mutum ana haifar dashi ta hanyar yawan taro a cikin jini, wanda ke lalata ganuwar capillaries da jijiyoyi, kuma yana tsokanar ci gaba mai kumburi a cikin jikin mutum da yawa.
Rarrabawa
Dangane da endocrinology na zamani, ciwon sukari na iya zama na gaskiya da sakandare. Secondary (Symptomatic) ciwon sukari yana tasowa a matsayin rikicewar wasu cututtukan ƙwayar cuta, irin su cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na ƙwayar cuta, da cutar lalacewa ta hanji, glandon ciki da glandon thyroid.
Cutar sankarau na ainihi koyaushe tana tasowa azaman cuta mai zaman kanta kuma galibi ita kanta tana haifar da bayyanar cututtuka. Za'a iya gano wannan nau'in ciwon suga a cikin mutane a kowane zamani, duka a lokacin ƙuruciya da kuma a cikin tsufa.
Cutar sankara ta gaskiya ta haɗa da nau'ikan cututtukan da suke da alamu iri ɗaya, amma suna faruwa a cikin marasa lafiya saboda dalilai daban-daban. Wasu daga cikinsu suna da yawa sosai, wasu, akasin haka, suna da wuya a bincika su.
Iri na ciwon sukari:
- Type 1 ciwon sukari
- Type 2 ciwon sukari
- Cutar sankarar mahaifa;
- Ciwon sukari;
- Cutar sankarar mahaifa
Ciwon sukari na 1 wani cuta ne da ake yawan gano shi a cikin marassa lafiya da ƙuruciya. Irin wannan nau'in ciwon sukari da wuya ya sha kan mutane fiye da shekara 30. Sabili da haka, ana kiranta sau da yawa ciwon sukari na yara. Nau'in na 1 na ciwon sukari yana cikin wuri na biyu dangane da mamayar, kusan kashi 8% na duk cututtukan da ke dauke da cutar sankara ne sakamakon nau'in cutar da ke dogara da cutar.
Ciwon sukari na Type 1 ana nuna shi da cikakkiyar dakatarwar insulin, saboda haka sunan shi na biyu shine ciwon suga da ya dogara da su. Wannan yana nufin cewa mai haƙuri da wannan nau'in ciwon sukari zai buƙaci allurar insulin kowace rana tsawon rayuwarsa.
Ciwon sukari na 2 wani cuta ne wanda yawanci yakan faru ne a cikin mutane masu tsufa da tsufa, ana samun saurin kamuwa da shi a cikin marasa lafiya waɗanda basu cika shekaru 40 ba. Cutar ta 2 nau'in cuta ce mafi yawan cutar da wannan cuta, tana shafar fiye da 90% na duk masu cutar da ke ɗauke da ciwon sukari.
A cikin nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, mai haƙuri yana haɓaka insulinitivity na insulinitivity ga insulin, yayin da matakin wannan hormone a cikin jiki na iya zama al'ada ko ma ya haɓaka. Saboda haka, wannan nau'in ciwon sukari ana kiransa insulin-Independent.
Mellitus na ciwon sikila wata cuta ce da ke faruwa a cikin mata kawai a cikin wata 6-7 na ciki. Irin wannan nau'in ciwon sukari ana gano shi sau da yawa a cikin uwaye masu tsammani waɗanda suke da nauyi. Bugu da kari, matan da suka sami juna biyu bayan shekaru 30 suna yin saurin kamuwa da cutar ciwan suga.
Ciwon sukari na mahaifa yana tasowa sakamakon raunin jijiyoyin sel wanda ke cikin gida zuwa insulin ta hanyar kwayoyin da ke fitowa daga mahaifa. Bayan haihuwa, mace yawanci tana warke gaba daya, amma a lokuta da dama, cutar ta zama ciwon sukari na 2.
Ciwon sukari na Steroid cuta ce da ke tasowa a cikin mutane waɗanda ke ɗaukar glucocorticosteroids na dogon lokaci. Wadannan magunguna suna ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka mai yawa a cikin sukarin jini, wanda a tsawon lokaci yakan haifar da haifar da ciwon sukari.
Riskungiyar haɗarin don haɓakar ciwon sukari na steroid sun haɗa da marasa lafiya waɗanda ke fama da asma, arthritis, arthrosis, rashin lafiyan jiki, ƙarancin ƙwayar cuta, ciwon huhu, cutar Crohn da sauransu. Bayan kun daina shan glucocorticosteroids, ciwon suga na steroid gaba daya ya shuɗe.
Cutar sankarar mahaifa - ta bayyana kanta a cikin yaro tun daga bikin farko. Yawancin lokaci, yara waɗanda ke da asali na wannan cuta suna haihuwar uwaye waɗanda ke da nau'in 1 da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2. Hakanan, sanadin ciwon sukari wanda yake haifar da cututtukan mahaifa na iya zama cututtukan hoto ko bidiyo mai kwalliya wanda mahaifiyar ta kamu dashi yayin daukar ciki ko kuma amfani da magunguna masu karfi.
Sanadin kamuwa da cutar siga a cikinku kuma na iya zama rashin samun ciwan gaba, ciki har da haihuwa. Cutar sankarar mahaifa cuta ce mara magani kuma tana dauke da cikakkiyar cutar rashin insulin.
Jiyyarsa ta ƙunshi allurar insulin yau da kullun daga farkon kwanakin rayuwa.
Dalilai
Nau'in nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 ana gano shi yawanci a cikin mutane thean ƙasa da shekara 30. Yana da matukar wuya cewa an yi rikodin lokuta na wannan cuta a cikin marasa lafiya masu kimanin shekaru 40 da haihuwa. Ciwon sukari na yara, wanda galibi yakan faru ne a cikin yara tsakanin 5 zuwa 14, ya cancanci ambata ta musamman.
Babban dalilin kirkirar kamuwa da nau'in 1 shine cin zarafi da tsarin rigakafi, wanda kwayoyin kisa ke kai hari a kan jijiyoyinsu, suna lalata β-sel wadanda ke samar da insulin. Wannan yana haifar da cikakkiyar katsewar ƙwayar insulin a cikin jiki.
Sau da yawa irin wannan matsala a cikin tsarin na rigakafi yana tasowa azaman rikitarwa na kamuwa da cuta da kwayar cuta. Hadarin kamuwa da ciwon sukari irin na 1 yana ƙaruwa sosai ta cututtukan hoto kamar su cutar huhu, amai da amai da gudawa, da cutar amai da gudawa.
Bugu da kari, yin amfani da wasu kwayoyi masu karfi, gami da maganin kashe qwari da kuma sinadarin nitrate, na iya shafar samuwar cutar siga. Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa mutuwar ƙarancin ƙwayoyin da ke ɓoye insulin ba zai iya haifar da haɓakar ciwon sukari ba. Don farkon alamun cutar wannan cuta a cikin mutane, aƙalla kashi 80% na sel die dole su mutu.
A cikin marasa lafiya masu fama da ciwon sukari na 1, ana lura da wasu cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan kansa, watau thyrotoxicosis ko rarraba ƙwayar cuta mai guba. Haɗin waɗannan cututtukan suna cutar da lafiyar mai haƙuri, da haɓaka yanayin ciwon sukari.
Nau'in ciwon siga na 2 wanda galibi yana shafan tsofaffi da tsofaffi waɗanda suka haye shekaru 40 na rayuwa. Amma a yau, endocrinologists lura da sake sabuntawa wannan cutar lokacin da aka gano shi a cikin mutanen da suka yi bikin cikarsu shekara 30.
Babban dalilin ciwon sukari na 2 shine ya wuce kima, saboda haka mutanen da suke kiba sune rukuni na hadarin wannan cutar. Adadin nama, yana rufe dukkan gabobin ciki da tsokoki na mai haƙuri, yana haifar da shinge ga insulin na hormone, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar insulin.
A cikin ciwon sukari na nau'i na biyu, matakin insulin sau da yawa ya kasance a matakin daidai ko ma ya zarce shi. Koyaya, saboda rashin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayoyin zuwa wannan hormone, jikin mai haƙuri ba ya ɗaukar jikin mai haƙuri, wanda ke haifar da haɓakar sukari na jini cikin sauri.
Sanadin type 2 ciwon sukari:
- Kashi. Mutanen da iyayensu ko wasu dangi na kusa suka kamu da ciwon suga sun fi kamuwa da wannan cutar;
- Wuce kima. A cikin mutanen da suke yin kiba, ƙwayoyin sel sukan rasa ƙwarewar insulin, wanda ke rikicewa da ma'anar glucose na al'ada. Gaskiya ne gaskiya ga mutanen da suke kira irin nau'in kiba, a cikin abin da aka tanadi kitse mafi yawa a cikin ciki;
- Rashin abinci mai gina jiki. Cin abinci mai mai mai yawa, mai narkewa da abinci mai kalori mai yawa yana yanke albarkatun da ke cikin hanji kuma yana kara hadarin haɓakar insulin;
- Cututtuka na tsarin zuciya. Cututtukan zuciya da na jijiyoyin jini, atherosclerosis, da hawan jini ya taimaka ga rashin lafiyar nama ga insulin;
- Akai-akai danniya. A cikin yanayi mai damuwa, ana samar da adadi mai yawa na corticosteroid hormones (adrenaline, norepinephrine, da cortisol) a cikin jikin mutum, wanda ke haɓaka matakan glucose na jini kuma, tare da yawan jin daɗin motsa jiki, na iya tayar da ciwon sukari na mellitus;
- Shan magungunan hormonal (glucocorticosteroids). Suna da sakamako mara kyau a cikin cututtukan fata kuma suna haɓaka sukari na jini.
Tare da isasshen samarwar insulin ko asarar jijiyoyin jiki ga wannan kwayoyin, glucose ya daina shiga cikin sel kuma ya ci gaba da yaduwa cikin jini. Wannan yana tilasta jikin mutum ya nemi wasu hanyoyi don aiwatar da glucose, wanda ke haifar da tarin glycosaminoglycans, sorbitol da glycated haemoglobin a ciki.
Wannan yana haifar da babban haɗari ga mai haƙuri, saboda zai iya haifar da rikice-rikice masu yawa, irin su cataracts (duhu mai ruwan tabarau na ido), microangiopathy (lalata ganuwar capillaries), neuropathy (lalacewar ƙwayoyin jijiya) da cututtukan haɗin gwiwa.
Don rashi raunin kuzarin da ya samo asali sakamakon ƙoshin abinci mai narkewa, jiki yana fara aiwatar da furotin da ke cikin ƙwayar tsoka da mai mai cikin ƙasa.
Wannan yana haifar da asarar nauyi mai sauri, kuma zai iya haifar da rauni mai rauni har ma da dystrophy na tsoka.
Kwayar cutar
Intensarfin bayyanar cututtuka a cikin ciwon sukari ya dogara da nau'in cutar da shekarun mai haƙuri. Don haka nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari na tasowa cikin hanzari kuma yana iya haifar da rikice rikice, kamar su cutar hawan jini da na cutar malaria, a cikin 'yan watanni.
Ciwon sukari na 2, akasin haka, yana haɓaka a hankali kuma yana iya bayyana kansa cikin dogon lokaci. Sau da yawa, ana gano wannan nau'in ciwon sukari kwatsam lokacin da ake bincika gabobin hangen nesa, gudanar da gwajin jini ko fitsari.
Amma duk da bambance-bambance a cikin girman ci gaba tsakanin nau'in 1 da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, suna da alamu iri ɗaya kuma ana nuna su ta alamun halaye masu zuwa:
- Babban ƙishirwa da jin daɗin bushewa a cikin rami na baka. Mai haƙuri mai ciwon sukari na iya shan ruwa har lita 8 na ruwa kowace rana;
- Polyuria Masu fama da cutar siga suna fama da yawan urination, wanda ya hada da rashin maganin kazantar dare. Polyuria a cikin ciwon sukari yana faruwa a cikin 100% na lokuta;
- Manyan kwayoyi. Mai haƙuri koyaushe yana jin ma'anar yunwa, yana jin ƙyamar musamman don abinci mai daɗi da carbohydrate;
- Fata mai bushe da ƙwayoyin mucous, wanda zai iya haifar da matsanancin ƙoshin ciki (musamman a cikin kwatangwalo da makwancin gwaiwa) da kuma bayyanar dermatitis;
- Gajiya, rauni koyaushe;
- Halin mara kyau, karuwar fushi, rashin bacci;
- Cramps kafa, musamman a cikin maraƙin ƙwayar maraƙi;
- Rage hangen nesa.
A cikin nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari na mellitus, mai haƙuri yana mamaye da alamun cututtuka kamar ƙishirwa mai tsanani, yawan urination mai saurin motsa jiki, yawan jin tashin zuciya da amai, asarar ƙarfi, matsananciyar yunwar, rashin nauyi mai nauyi ko da tare da abinci mai kyau, rashin kwanciyar hankali da karuwar fushi.
Yara yawanci suna da matsalar rashin wayewa, musamman idan yaron bai shiga bayan gida kafin ya kwanta ba. Marasa lafiya da wannan nau'in ciwon sukari sun fi haɗuwa da zubin sukari na jini da haɓakar hauhawar jini da hauhawar jini - yanayin da ke da haɗari ga rayuwa kuma yana buƙatar kulawar likita cikin gaggawa.
A cikin marasa lafiya da ke fama da ciwon sukari na 2, cutar ta bayyana sau da yawa ta hanyar ƙoshin fata, raguwar iskar gani, ƙoshin gani, rauni da nutsuwa, bayyanar cututtukan fungal, warkar da raunuka, jin numbasa, tingling, ko ƙafafun rarrafe.
Jiyya
Nau'in 1 da nau'in 2 na ciwon sukari har yanzu cuta ce da ba ta warkarwa. Amma tare da tsayayyar bin duk shawarar likita da biyan diyya ga masu ciwon sukari, mai haƙuri na iya jagorantar cikakken salon rayuwa, shiga cikin kowane fagen aiki, ƙirƙirar iyali kuma suna da yara.
Shawarar endocrinologist ga marasa lafiya da masu ciwon sukari:
Kada ku karaya a lokacin da kuka sami labarin cutar ku. Ya kamata ku damu sosai game da cutar, saboda wannan zai iya ƙara cutar da mai haƙuri. Ya kamata a tuna cewa sama da rabin biliyan mutane a duniya suna da cutar sankara, amma a lokaci guda sun koyi zama tare da wannan cutar.
Cire gaba ɗaya cire abubuwan carbohydrates daga cikin abincin ku. Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa ciwon sukari yana haɓaka sakamakon cin zarafin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin carbohydrate. Sabili da haka, duk marasa lafiya da ke da irin wannan cutar dole ne gaba ɗaya suyi watsi da amfani da carbohydrates mai sauƙi, kamar sukari da kowane irin zaƙi, zuma, dankali na kowane iri, hamburgers da sauran abinci mai sauri, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, farin gurasa, burodi da aka yanka, semolina, farin shinkafa. Waɗannan samfuran za su iya ƙara yawan sukarin jini nan take.
Ku ci hadaddun carbohydrates. Irin waɗannan samfuran, duk da babban abun da ke cikin carbohydrates, kar a ƙara sukari jini, saboda suna sha da yawa fiye da carbohydrates mai sauƙi. Wadannan sun hada da oatmeal, masara, shinkafa launin ruwan kasa, taliya irin alkama, alkama da abinci tare da burodi iri iri.
Akwai sau da yawa, kaɗan kaɗan kaɗan. Abincin abinci mai narkewa yana da amfani musamman ga masu ciwon sukari, saboda yana ba ka damar hana haɓaka haɓaka ko raguwar sukari na jini. Sabili da haka, ana shawarar masu ciwon sukari su ci akalla sau 5 a rana.
Kullum kula da matakan glucose na jini. Wannan ya kamata a yi da safe bayan farkawa da yamma kafin a kwanta barci, da kuma bayan abinci na yau da kullun.
Yaya za a tantance sukari na jini a gida? Don wannan, mai haƙuri ya kamata ya sayi glucometer, wanda yake da sauki don amfani a gida. Yana da mahimmanci a jaddada cewa a cikin manya masu lafiya, sukari na jini ba ya tashi sama da matakin 7.8 mmol / L, wanda ya kamata ya zama jagora ga masu ciwon sukari.
