Ayyade matakin glucose a cikin jini nazari ne mai mahimmanci don gano raunin ƙwayoyin metabolism. Yana fara binciken marasa lafiya waɗanda ke da alamun halayyar ciwon sukari mellitus ko kuma suna cikin haɗari sosai ga wannan cuta.
Sakamakon yawaitar cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta, musamman siffofin latent waɗanda babu hoto na asibiti, ana ba da shawarar irin wannan bincike ga kowa bayan ya cika shekaru 45. Hakanan, ana yin gwajin sukari na jini yayin daukar ciki, tunda canji a cikin yanayin hormonal na iya haifar da cutar suga ta mahaifa.
Idan aka gano karkacewar glucose a cikin jijiyoyin jini daga al'ada, to binciken ya ci gaba, kuma ana tura marasa lafiya zuwa abincin da ke dauke da sinadaran karaya da mai mai sauki.
Me ke tantance matakin glucose a cikin jini?
Daga carbohydrates da ke ƙunshe cikin abinci, mutum yana karɓar kusan kashi 63% na mahimmancin rayuwa don rayuwa. Abincin yana dauke da carbohydrates mai sauƙi da rikitarwa. Sauƙaƙan monosaccharides sune glucose, fructose, galactose. Daga cikin waɗannan, 80% shine glucose, kuma galactose (daga samfuran kiwo) da fructose (daga 'ya'yan itatuwa masu dadi) kuma ana canza su zuwa glucose.
Cikakkun abinci na carbohydrates, kamar sitaci na polysaccharide, suna rushe a karkashin tasirin amylase a cikin duodenum zuwa glucose sannan kuma suna shiga cikin jini a cikin karamin hanji. Don haka, duk carbohydrates a cikin abinci a ƙarshe sun juya zuwa cikin kwayoyin glucose kuma suna ƙare a cikin tasoshin jini.
Idan ba a samarda glucose mai yawa ba, to ana iya yinsa da shi a cikin jiki a cikin hanta, kodan kuma kashi 1% na ciki yana cikin hanji. Don gluconeogenesis, lokacin da sabon ƙwayoyin glucose ya bayyana, jiki yana amfani da fats da sunadarai.
Dukkanin kwayoyin suna fuskantar bukatar glucose, tunda ana bukatar makamashi. A lokuta daban-daban na rana, ƙwayoyin suna buƙatar adadin glucose mara iyaka. Ana buƙatar ƙarfin tsoka yayin motsi, kuma da dare yayin barci, buƙatar glucose yana da ƙima. Tunda cin abinci bai zo daidai da yawan glucose ba, an adana shi a ajiye.
Wannan ikon adana glucose a cikin ajiyar (kamar glycogen) ya zama ruwan dare ga dukkan sel, amma yawancin fatarar glycogen sun ƙunshi:
- Kwayoyin hanta sune hepatocytes.
- Kwayoyin mai suna adipocytes.
- Kwayoyin tsoka sune myocytes.
Wadannan kwayoyin suna iya amfani da glucose daga jini tare da wuce haddi kuma tare da taimakon enzymes sun maida shi cikin glycogen, wanda ya rushe zuwa glucose tare da raguwar sukarin jini. Glycogen yana adana a cikin hanta da tsokoki.
Lokacin da glucose ya shiga cikin ƙwayoyin mai, ana canza shi zuwa glycerin, wanda shine ɓangare na ɗakunan mai na triglycerides. Ana iya amfani da waɗannan kwayoyin a matsayin tushen kuzari ne kawai lokacin da aka yi amfani da dukkanin glycogen daga hannun jari. Wato, glycogen shine ajiyar ajali na ɗan lokaci, kuma mai shine ajiyar ajiyar ajiyar ɗan lokaci.
Yaya ake kiyaye glucose na jini?
Kwayoyin kwakwalwa suna da buƙatar buƙatun glucose na yau da kullun don yin aiki, amma ba za su iya cire shi ko yin ƙasa ba, don haka aikin kwakwalwa ya dogara da yawan glucose daga abinci. Domin kwakwalwa ta sami damar kula da ayyukan glucose a cikin jini, mafi karancin dole ne ya zama 3 mmol / L.
Idan akwai glucose mai yawa a cikin jini, to, shi, a matsayin kwayar aiki mai karfi na osmotically, yana jawo ruwa daga kanta daga kyallen. Don runtse matakin sukari, ƙodan sun fitar da ita fitsari. Mayar da hankali na glucose a cikin jini wanda ya rinjayi ƙarancin ɗan lokaci daga 10 zuwa 11 mmol / L. Jiki, tare da glucose, ya rasa kuzarin da aka samu daga abinci.
Cin abinci da amfani da makamashi yayin motsi yana haifar da canji a cikin matakan glucose, amma tun da metabolism na al'ada ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar homon, waɗannan sauye-sauyen suna cikin kewayon daga 3.5 zuwa 8 mmol / L. Bayan cin abinci, sukari ya tashi, kamar yadda carbohydrates (a cikin nau'i na glucose) ya shiga cikin hanji daga cikin jini. An ɗan cinye shi kuma ana ajiye shi a sel na hanta da tsokoki.
Matsakaicin sakamako akan abubuwan glucose a cikin jini yana gudana ta hanyar homones - insulin da glucagon. Insulin yana haifar da raguwa a cikin glycemia ta irin waɗannan ayyuka:
- Yana taimakawa sel kwantar da glucose daga jini (sai dai hepatocytes da ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin tsakiya).
- Yana kunna glycolysis a cikin tantanin halitta (ta amfani da kwayoyin glucose).
- Yana inganta samuwar glycogen.
- Yana hana aikin sabon glucose (gluconeogenesis).
Samun insulin yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙara yawan ƙwayar glucose, aikinsa zai yiwu ne kawai lokacin da aka haɗa shi da masu karɓa a cikin membrane cell. Tsarin carbohydrate na yau da kullun yana yiwuwa ne kawai tare da aikin insulin a cikin isasshen adadin da aikin masu karɓar insulin. Waɗannan halaye sun ketare cikin ciwon sukari, saboda haka ana ɗaukaka glucose na jini.
Glucagon kuma yana nufin hormones na pancreatic, yana shiga cikin jini yayin saukar jini da jini. Hanyar aikinta yana gaban insulin. Tare da halartar glucagon, glycogen ya rushe a cikin hanta kuma an samar da glucose daga mahallin da ba a carbohydrate.
Ana ɗaukar ƙananan matakan sukari don jikin mutum a matsayin yanayin damuwa, saboda haka, tare da hypoglycemia (ko kuma ƙarƙashin rinjayar wasu abubuwan damuwa), ƙwayoyin huhun ciki da na adrenal suna saki hormones uku - somatostatin, cortisol da adrenaline.
Hakanan su, kamar glucagon, haɓaka glycemia.
Glucose
Tunda abun cikin sukari a cikin jini shine mafi ƙarancin asuba kafin karin kumallo, ana auna matakin jinin galibi a wannan lokacin. Abinci na ƙarshe ana bada shawara ga sa'o'i 10-12 kafin ganewar asali.
Idan an tsara karatun don babban matakin cutar glycemia, to, suna ɗaukar jini awa daya bayan cin abinci. Hakanan zasu iya auna matakin bazuwar ba tare da nasaba da abinci ba. Don yin nazarin aikin kayan maye, ana yin gwajin jini don glucose ana awanni 2 bayan cin abinci.
Don kimanta sakamakon, ana amfani da kwafin rubutu wanda aka yi amfani da kalmomin uku: normoglycemia, hyperglycemia da hypoglycemia. Dangane da wannan, wannan yana nufin: maida hankali akan glucose a cikin jini al'ada ce, mai girma da ƙananan matakan glucose.
Hakanan yana da mahimmanci yadda aka ƙaddara glucose, kamar yadda ɗakunan gwaje-gwaje daban-daban na iya amfani da jini gaba ɗaya, plasma ko kayan na iya zama zinin jini. Fassarar sakamakon zai yi la’akari da waɗannan fasalulluka:
- Matsayi na glucose a cikin jini na jini yana da girma fiye da gaba ɗaya ta 11.5 - 14.3% saboda bambancin ruwa.
- 5% karin glucose a cikin magani fiye da plasma mai heparinized.
- Jinin capillary ya ƙunshi ƙarin glucose fiye da jinin venous. Sabili da haka, yanayin sukari a cikin jini mai ɓarna da jinin kuzari ya ɗan bambanta.
Hankalin al'ada a cikin jini gaba daya akan komai a ciki shine 3.3 - 5.5 mmol / L, matsakaicin hawan zai iya zuwa 8 mmol / L bayan cin abinci, kuma sa'o'i biyu bayan cin abinci, matakin sukari ya kamata ya koma matakin da yake kafin cin abinci.
Valuesa'idodi masu mahimmanci ga jiki sune hypoglycemia da ke ƙasa da 2.2 mmol / L, kamar yadda yunƙurin ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa ke farawa, kazalika da hyperglycemia sama da 25 mmol / L. girman matakan sukari zuwa irin waɗannan dabi'un na iya zama tare da hanyar da ba ta cika tunanin ciwon suga ba.
Yana dauke da isharar rayuwa.
Hyperglycemia a cikin ciwon sukari
Abinda ya fi haifar da yawan ƙwayar sukari shine ke haifar da ciwon sukari. Tare da wannan ilimin, glucose ba zai iya shiga cikin sel ba saboda ba a samar da insulin ba ko kuma bai isa ba don yawan abubuwan carbohydrates. Irin waɗannan canje-canje halaye ne na nau'in cutar ta farko.
Nau'in na biyu na ciwon sukari yana haɗuwa da raunin insulin na dangi, tunda akwai insulin a cikin jini, amma masu karɓa akan sel ba za su iya haɗa shi ba. Wannan yanayin ana kiransa juriya ta insulin.
Cutar zazzabin cizon sauro na ɗan lokaci na iya faruwa yayin daukar ciki kuma ya ɓace bayan haihuwa. Yana da alaƙa da haɓaka homon a cikin mahaifa. A cikin wasu mata, ciwon suga na motsa jiki yana haifar da juriya ga insulin da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2.
Har ila yau, ciwon na biyu yana haɗuwa da cututtukan endocrine, wasu cututtukan tumor, da cututtukan cututtukan fata. Tare da murmurewa, alamun bayyanar cututtukan ƙwayar cuta sun ɓace.
Kwayar cutar cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta suna da alaƙa da wuce ƙimalar ƙirar mutum don glucose - 10-12 mmol / L. Bayyanar glucose a cikin fitsari yana haifar da ƙarin ambaliyar ruwa. Saboda haka, polyuria (urination urination) yana haifar da bushewa, yana kunna cibiyar ƙishirwa. Cutar sankara kuma ana santa da yawan ci da hauhawar nauyi, rage kiba.
Binciken dakin gwaje-gwajen cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta ya samo asali ne daga gano abubuwa biyu na hyperglycemia na azumi sama da 6.1 mmol / l ko kuma bayan cin abinci fiye da 10 mmol / l. Tare da dabi'un da ba su kai irin wannan matakin ba, amma suna sama da ƙa'idar aiki ko kuma akwai dalilan da za a ɗauka cin zarafi a cikin metabolism, ana gudanar da bincike na musamman:
- Gwajin gwajin haƙuri
- Eterayyadewar glycated haemoglobin.
Gwajin haƙuri da haƙuri yana ɗaukar yadda jiki yake ƙarfe carbohydrates. Ana ɗaukar nauyin - an bai wa mai haƙuri 75 g na glucose kuma bayan 2 sa'o'i matakansa bai wuce 7.8 mmol / l ba. A wannan yanayin, wannan alama ce ta al'ada. A cikin ciwon sukari, yana saman 11.1 mmol / L. Matsakaici masu tsaka-tsakin yanayi sune madaidaici a cikin latent na cutar sankara.
Matsayin glycosylation na haemoglobin (haɗuwa da kwayoyin glucose) baya nuna matsakaicin glucose jini a cikin kwanakin 90 da suka gabata. Ka'idar ta har zuwa 6% na jimlar haemoglobin na jini, idan mai haƙuri ya kamu da ciwon sukari, sakamakon ya fi 6.5%.
An gano rashin daidaituwa na glucose tare da ƙimar matsakaici daga wannan binciken.
Canjin da ba shi da alaƙa da ciwon sukari
Increaseara yawan sukari na jini na ɗan lokaci tare da matsananciyar wahala. Misali zai zama kwarjinin zuciya yayin bugun angina pectoris. Hyperglycemia yana haɗuwa da rashin abinci mai gina jiki a cikin nau'in abinci mai yawa a cikin abinci mai yawa a cikin bulimia.
Magunguna na iya haifar da karuwa a cikin taro na glucose a cikin jini: hormones, diuretics, hypotensive, musamman marasa zaɓin beta-blockers, rashi na bitamin H (biotin), da shan magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta. Manyan allurai na maganin kafeyin suma suna bada gudummawa ga hawan jini.
Gluarancin glucose yana haifar da rashin abinci mai narkewa na tsarin juyayi na tsakiya, wanda ke haifar da karuwar haɗakar adrenaline, wanda ke ƙara yawan sukarin jini kuma yana haifar da manyan alamun halayyar hypoglycemia:
- Karuwar yunwar.
- Asedara da bugun zuciya.
- Haɗaɗɗa.
- Sha hannun.
- Rashin damuwa da damuwa.
- Dizziness
A nan gaba, alamun suna da alaƙa da bayyanar cututtukan jijiyoyi: rage yawan hankali, daidaitaccen yanayin motsa jiki, gano ƙungiyoyi, raunin gani.
Haɓakar haɓakar jini yana haɗuwa tare da alamu mai da hankali na lalacewar kwakwalwa: rashi magana, rashin dacewar hali, raɗaɗi. Sannan mara lafiya ya suma, suma, suma suyi girma. Idan ba a kula da lafiya yadda yakamata ba, cutar sikila zata iya zama mai mutuwa.
Abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtukan cututtukan jini yawanci shine rashin amfani da insulin: allura ba tare da cin abinci ba, almubazzaranci, aikin motsa jiki wanda ba a shirya shi ba, shan magunguna ko zagi giya, musamman rashin isasshen abinci mai gina jiki.
Bugu da kari, hypoglycemia na faruwa da irin waɗannan cututtukan:
- Wani ƙari a cikin ɓangaren ƙwayoyin beta na pancreas, wanda aka samar da insulin duk da ƙarancin sukarin jini.
- Cutar Addison - mutuwar ƙwayoyin adrenal yana haifar da raguwar ciwan cortisol a cikin jini.
- Rashin lafiya na rashin lafiya a cikin hepatitis, cirrhosis ko ciwon daji na hanta
- Mummunan siffofin zuciya da gazawar koda.
- A cikin jarirai masu nauyin nauyi ko haihuwa.
- Kwayar halittar jini.
Rage yawan sukari na jini yana haifar da rashin ruwa a jiki da abinci mara kyau tare da fifikon ƙwayoyin carbohydrates mai ladabi, wanda ke haifar da motsa jiki mai yawa daga fitowar insulin. Ana lura da bambance-bambance a cikin matakan glucose na jini a cikin mata yayin haila.
Ofaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da hare-haren hypoglycemia na iya zama matakan ƙari wanda ke haifar da lalata jiki. Yawan sarrafawar ruwan gishirin yana inganta haɓakar jini kuma, saboda haka, rage matakin sukari a ciki.
Bidiyo a cikin wannan labarin yayi magana game da ƙimar sukari na jini.
