Atherosclerosis yana shafar kowane mazaunin duniya na uku. Wannan cuta ce a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa na tattalin arziki inda bango na jijiyoyin jiki sun lalace saboda saurin rayuwa da abinci mai ƙoshin lafiya, gami da kamuwa da cuta, sinadarai da radadi.
A wurin da ya lalace, abubuwan da ke lalacewa, wadanda suke da yawa a jiki a cikin mutanen da ke cin abincin karyewar abinci mara kyau, ana samun sauƙin adana su. Saboda haka, jijiyoyin jiki suna rasa sifofinsu na dabi'a na roba, ruwan lipids.
Kwayar cutar ta fara bayyana sosai daga baya bayan samuwar plache atherosclerotic na farko. Amma lokacin da bayyanannin abubuwan da suka shafi asibiti ya bayyana, mai haƙuri yana buƙatar sanin wanne likita yake kula da atherosclerosis kuma wanda zai juya don taimako.
Akwai manyan wahayi guda biyu game da yanayin ci gaban atherosclerosis.
Na farko, ya samo asali ne bayan tara yawan cholesterol da trans fats a cikin jini, yaduwar su kyauta. Enzymes da aka yi amfani da shi don amfani da sinadarin na lipid ba zai iya jimrewa da wannan mai yawa ba, kuma ragowar magungunan da ba a yi maganin su ba yana ci gaba da gudana cikin jini.
Na biyu ya ce game da lalacewar bango a matsayin tushen cutar, kuma ban da kula da abinci, ana kulawa da kulawa ta musamman don guje wa kwayan cuta da cututtukan hoto. Abubuwan haɗarin haɗari waɗanda ke haifar da haɓaka damar haifar da atherosclerosis suma an ƙididdige su.
Wadannan dalilai sune kamar haka:
- Hawan jini. Hawan jini ya cutar da jijiyoyin jijiyoyin, wanda dole su kasance cikin tashin hankali don rama, don haka yana kara jigilar jini a gefe. Daga wannan, bututun jini yana ci mafi muni, yana sawa da sauri. Kuma ƙaƙƙarfan vasoconstrictors kamar angiotensin 2 yana ƙaruwa izuwa bangon tantanin halitta, wanda ke ba shi damar fats shiga.
- Ciwon sukari mellitus. Disarfafa rarrabuwar ƙwayar carbohydrate, yana haifar da kunnawa ga halayen kewayewa a cikin metabolism na kitse mai. Don wannan dalili, ƙeƙasassu ba su lalata zuwa ƙarshen, amma shigar da kewaya kyauta.
- Shan taba. Abubuwan da ke cikin hayaki na taba suna shafar ciki na tasoshin jini ta cibiyar vasomotor, yana gabatar da hargitsi a ciki. Kowane yanki na hayaki mai ƙarfi ne, amma halayen ɗan-lokaci kaɗan, wanda ke cutar da ƙoshin iskar oxygen zuwa cikin kwakwalwa, kyallen takarda mai taushi.
- Shekaru da jinsi. Maza suna wahala sau da yawa fiye da mata saboda ƙarancin ƙwayar haila ta jima'i, wanda ke da kayyakin sakewa. Tsohuwar jikin, da karancin elastin da firam na collagen da ke jikinta, sai katangar artery ta zama bakin ciki, ta zama mai aradu.
- Amfani da yawan carbohydrate da kima mai yawa. Ko da a cikin mutum mai lafiya, ba tare da ɓacewa mai ɓoye ba a cikin aikin ƙwayar hanji, enzymes ba shi da iko, kuma cin abinci mai cutarwa, babu makawa yana sanya jijiyoyin jini a cikin zuciya a ƙarƙashin rauni.
Rabu da waɗannan abubuwan, mara lafiya yana rage haɗarin atherosclerosis.
Jirgin atherosclerotic na iya farawa da haɓaka cikin kowace babbar jijiya ta nau'ikan roba ko na murƙushewa.
Amma babban maganin cutar yana da alaƙa da stenosis na waɗannan jijiyoyin da suke ɗaukar jini zuwa gabobin "manufa", abubuwan da ake kira gabobin girgizawa.
Gabobin suna da matukar damuwa ga canje-canje a cikin karfin jini, ƙanshin oxygen, da jigilar abubuwan gina jiki. Babu shakka, waɗannan sune mahimman sassan aikin jiki - kodan, hanta, zuciya, kwakwalwa, tsarin musculoskeletal.
Dangane da ƙididdigar ƙwaƙwalwar aikin hanyar cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta, an bambanta nau'ikan atherosclerosis.
Aortic. Rushewar mafi girman jirgin ruwa na jiki yana haifar da ƙaruwa mafi girma a cikin matsin lamba, nakasa jini. M detritus a cikin sel endothelium ba zai iya yin rahusa da nunin raunin bugun bugun zuciya daga cikin ƙwayar zuciya ba. Sabili da haka, bango ya shimfiɗa kuma yana buɗewa - an kafa sabuwar hanyar haɗuwa. Sau da yawa mafi mahimmancin hankali ana yin sa ne a cikin aorta, kuma zub da jini a cikin rami na ciki yanayin yanayin haɗari ne. Haka kuma, irin wannan binciken shine mafi girman kwayoyin halittar jini a cikin da'irar jini.
Harafin. Jigilar jinin haila tana daya daga cikin mafi girman jiki. A wuyansa akwai manyan jijiyoyin wuya, carotid na kowa da vertebral, waɗanda ke ciyar da kai da kwakwalwa. Hakanan suna iya kamuwa da cutar lalacewa ta atherosclerotic, gushewar lumen. A wannan yanayin, mai haƙuri da wuya yayi gunaguni game da ciwon kai, yawan gunaguni suna rashin barci, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, daidaitawar motsi, ƙwarewar motsi, rikicewar motsin rai. A lokaci guda, sel na 5 na cytoarchitectonics, sel na Betz, suna wahala. Yawancin lokaci sakamakon shine ischemic bugun jini.
Harshen Coronary. Abun jini ko takaice jijiyoyin jiki waɗanda ke ciyar da zuciya yana haifar da karuwar rauni na tsoka zuwa ƙwaƙwalwar zuciya, sannan sai zuwa ɓarnawar zuciya. Mai haƙuri zai kai ƙara ga likita game da ciwo mai zafi da ƙonewa, saboda magani daga baya tare da stenosis na tasoshin jijiyoyin jini yana da alaƙa da ciwo mai zafi. Nitroglycerin an dakatar da irin waɗannan hare-hare, amma kuma ya kamata ya zama kararrawa mai faɗakarwa, lokaci don tunani game da yadda za a kula da shi.
Har ila yau, an ware shi daga cikin cututtukan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan an cire su. Shafe atherosclerosis na kafafu yana haifar da haƙuri da wahala.
Mutuwar tasoshin jini yana haifar da tarin lactic acid yayin motsi. Marasa lafiya ba zai iya yin nisan matsakaicin matsakaici ba tare da tsayawa ba.
Kowane nau'in atherosclerosis yakamata a kula da shi ta ƙwararrun masani wanda ke maganin cututtukan wani tsarin. Amma don fayyace wurin da wurin kwano, akwai abin da ake buƙata - cikakken bincike. Tuntuɓi GP ɗinku don jagora.
Irin wannan babban likitan zai yi nazarin yanayin mai haƙuri, bugun jini (sihiri, ƙarfinsa, cika shi), matsin lamba, canje-canje a gabobin girgiza, dangane da aikin anamnesis.
Auscultatory, zai yanke hukunci kasancewar canje-canje na kwayoyin halitta a cikin zuciya da huhu waɗanda ke halayyar cututtukan zuciya na zuciya (CHD) a cikin atherosclerosis.
A farkon matakan cutar, yana iya ba da isasshen magani na ƙwaƙwalwa don nufin rage adadin triglycerides da cholesterol a cikin kewaya.
Magunguna na zamani suna ba da ɗayan duka masu banƙyama da kuma hanyoyin da ba a tuntuɓar su ba.
Wadannan sun hada da:
- Abubuwan bincike na duban dan tayi, amfani da tasirin Doppler - wannan dabarar bincike na kayan aiki yana ba ku damar tantance yanayin tasoshin jini, wurin su, tafiyar hawainiya na jini, cike da kuma yiwuwar regurgitation. Ka'idodin rheology na jini alama ce mai mahimmanci game da tsarin cututtukan cuta.
- Rheovasogram - wannan hanyar tana kimanta aikin wutar lantarki da jijiyoyin jini da abubuwan da ke cikin su. Ko da karamin kyamara za a nuna shi a allon saka idanu lokacin amfani da shi.
- MRI - ana amfani dashi don ganewar asali a cikin kauri daga kyallen takarda mai taushi, musamman idan atherosclerosis yana shafar ƙasan ƙafa. Ana biyan kuɗin da aka kashe mafi girma ta ƙarfin ƙarfin rabuwa da rashin lahanirsa idan aka kwatanta da gwaje-gwajen R-ray.
- Angiography, CT - hotuna masu tsari tare da bambanci ana buƙata don haɓakar halayen mutum na tsarin jini a cikin wani haƙuri, musamman a lokacin da ake so. Hanyar ta hada da sarrafawar kwatankwacin kwatankwacin kwaskwaruwa da kuma yin amfani da hasken-rana ta takamaiman yanki.
Lokacin da aka karɓi bayanan kuma dalilin ya zama bayyananne, ana iya tura ku zuwa cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na 3, zuwa ga ƙwararrun tsarin.
Idan mai haƙuri yana da nau'in ƙwayar cuta ta ƙwayar cuta, ya kamata yayi alƙawari tare da angiologist (likita wanda ke kula da matsalolin wurare dabam dabam) ko likitan ƙwayoyin cuta (cututtukan kwayoyin halittar jijiyoyi, ganglia da tsarin juyayi). Zasu iya sanin matakin raunin kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa ta amfani da gwaje-gwaje na musamman da aka tsara don gano encephalopathy. Sau da yawa ana tura su zuwa kwakwalwa MRI daga nan. Zasu iya warkar da cutar atherosclerosis tare da taimakon magunguna, ko kuma sauƙaƙa alamun bayyanar cututtuka. Shigar da tiyata a cikin irin waɗannan lokuta yana da wuya sosai.
Marasa lafiya tare da arteriosclerosis tare da harin angina ya kamata su nemi likitan zuciya. Cutar ECG, gwajin jini gaba daya, nazarin kimiyar halittu don bayanin martaba, duban dan tayi zuciya har yanzu ba cikakken jerin hanyoyin bincikensa bane. Saboda dacewar ban mamaki na ilimin cututtukan zuciya, shirye-shiryen magunguna na zamani suna da matukar tasiri a cikin yaƙi da ischemia. Combinationwararrun haɗin haɓaka. Sau da yawa, don kawar da muguwar ƙwaya, ana yin jijiyoyin jijiyoyin zuciya ta hanyar jijiya fatar. Aikin yana da tsada, amma ba mai haɗari ba kuma yana da kyakkyawan inganci, kamar yadda bincike ya bayyana ta hanyar duba marasa lafiya da likitoci.
An tattauna hanyoyin maganin Atherosclerosis a cikin bidiyon a cikin wannan labarin.
