Kimanin 6% na mutane daga ko'ina cikin duniya suna da ciwon sukari, yawancin lokaci nau'in na biyu. Amma a zahiri, yawan masu haƙuri sun fi yawa, saboda a matakin farko hanyar cutar ta latti.
Koyaya, koda tare da hanya mai asymptomatic, cutar tana da mummunan tasiri akan jikin masu ciwon sukari, wanda ke lalata yanayin rayuwa da gajarta ta. Saboda haka, don gano ciwon sukari a farkon matakin, mutanen da ke cikin haɗari suna buƙatar yin gwajin jini don sukari kowane watanni 6 ko shekara 1.
Marasa lafiya suna ƙarƙashin tsarin karuwa na matakan sukari:
- shan glucocorticoids;
- yana da dangi waɗanda ke da ciwon sukari;
- kamuwa da cutar sankarar mahaifa a lokacin daukar ciki ko kuma wadanda suka sami asubanci saboda wasu dalilai da ba a san su ba;
- kiba;
- yana da thyrotoxicosis (wuce haddi na hormone wanda glandon thyroid ya samar).
Sanadarin jini alamu ne na kara karfin fitsari a jikin mutum. Lambobin na iya canzawa saboda tasirin abubuwan da suka shafi ilimin dabbobi ko dalilai.
Me yasa sukarin jini ya canzawa?
A zahiri, wannan ko wannan matakin na glucose maida hankali ne akan yadda hadaddiyar kwayar halittarsa da kuma karuwar m daga jikin kwayoyin halitta suke tafiya. Koyaya, wannan ƙaruwa na gajeren lokaci na alamu ba koyaushe bane ke haifar da damuwa. Bayan haka, akwai dalilai da yawa da ke haifar da cututtukan fata.
Don haka, matakan sukari na iya ƙaruwa da 'yan sa'o'i bayan cin abinci na carbohydrate. Amma bayan wani lokaci, alamu suna sake zama bisa al'ada, tunda glucose ya shiga sel kuma ana amfani dashi.
Hakanan, yawan sukari yana shafi lokacin rana. Don haka, a cikin mafi wuya, ya zama mafi girma bayan abincin dare.
Wani abin da ke haifar da hauhawar jini shine damuwa. Tabbas, tare da wuce gona da iri, ana samar da adrenaline - wani sinadari wanda ke da haɓakar sukari.
Wasannin motsa jiki na bukatar makamashi mai yawa. Saboda haka, jiki yana buƙatar ƙarin glucose don amfani dashi a cikin myocytes, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga tsalle mai tsayi a cikin sukarin jini.
Abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cuta sun haɗa da cututtuka daban-daban:
- Ciwon sukari na 1 - yana faruwa lokacin da akwai matsala a cikin farji, wanda baya fitar da insulin gabaɗaya. Wannan hormone yana da alhakin shan glucose.
- Ciwon sukari na 2 - a wannan yanayin, aikin samarda insulin din ba a damun shi ba, amma sel sun rasa hankalinsu ga kwayar, wanda kuma baya barin glucose din ya zama cikakke.
Hyperglycemia kuma yana faruwa tare da karuwar taro na glucocorticosteroids da adrenaline - hormones da ke haɓaka matakan glucose ta rushe glycogen. Sau da yawa, irin wannan yanayi yana tasowa a gaban ciwace-ciwacen cuta a cikin gland na adrenal.
Amma taro glucose ba koyaushe ba ne. Yana faruwa cewa abin da ta yi yana raguwa. Wannan na faruwa ne tare da cututtukan gastrointestinal, yunwa, matsalolin hanta da kuma kasancewar ciwan ciki.
Amma don gano daidai abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtukan hyperglycemia ko hypoglycemia, wajibi ne don shirya yadda yakamata don bayar da gudummawar jini don sukari.
Bayan duk wannan, bin duk ka'idodi ne kawai zai sa ya yiwu a sami ingantaccen sakamako.
Nazarin sukari: fasali, nau'ikan, hanyoyin samfurori na jini
Game da bayar da gudummawar jini zuwa matakan glucose, wannan ita ce hanyar da take jagorantar binciken mutum na wani haɗari - mellitus ciwon sukari da sauran cututtuka na tsarin endocrine. Kuna iya gudanar da nazari a gida ta amfani da glucometer. Amma domin sakamakon ya kasance daidai, yakamata a yi amfani da na'urar daidai, saboda yana da hankali ga ɗaukar dogon lokaci game da iskar oxygen.
Sabili da haka, ya fi kyau ka ɗauki gwajin sukari a karon farko a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje. Kuma ana iya aiwatar da ma'aunin mai zaman kansa ta hanyar mutanen da ke da ciwon sukari fiye da shekara guda. Amma yadda za a yi amfani da glucometer?
Samfur na jini daga mara lafiya ta amfani da wannan na'urar ana yin shi gwargwadon takamaiman tsari. Da farko, an soke yatsa, sannan sai a sanya jini a tsarar gwajin, wanda aka saka a cikin na'urar. Bayan wasu 'yan seconds, sakamakon yana nuna allon.
Glucometer shine na'urar daidai idan kun lura da amincin da ingantaccen ajiyar matakan gwaji. Amma don gwajin jini na farko don sukari, ya kamata a hankali kuma shirya daidai, saboda haka ya fi kyau a gudanar da bincike a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje.
Ina jini na sukari ya fito? Wani lokaci ana ɗaukar jinin venous don bincike. Amma a wannan yanayin, ana yin la’akari da cewa alamu za a iya wuce gona da iri saboda yawaitar ƙirar halittar.
Don haka, a yau, ana amfani da hanyoyi guda uku don sanin matakan sukari:
- jinin azumi;
- ma'aunin alamu a cikin yini;
- sugar loading gwajin.
A matsayin ƙarin gwaje-gwaje, ana iya yin gwajin haƙuri na glucose. Wani lokaci ana tantance matakin glycated hemoglobin a cikin jini, wanda zai baka damar ganin hawa da sauka a cikin sukari cikin kwanakin 90 da suka gabata.
Yana da kyau a lura cewa sakamakon binciken ya bambanta. Haƙiƙa, abu da yawa ya dogara da yanayi da bukatun wani ɗakunan bincike.
Hakanan ba karamin mahimmanci shine shiri don bincike ba.
Me za a yi kafin bincike?
Gwaje-gwaje don tuhumar masu ciwon sukari suna buƙatar shiri kafin. Idan kana buƙatar gudummawar jini don sukari, wane shiri don gwaji yana da tasiri a kan sakamakon sa? Misali, mutane kalilan ne suka san cewa a ranar gabanin hanyoyin ba za ku iya yin aikin tunani ba ko kuma ku kasance masu matukar damuwa.
Bugu da kari, yakamata a wanke yatsun kafin a dauki jini mai kyau. Wannan zai sa binciken ya zauna lafiya kuma ya guji karkatar da sakamakon.
Da farko dai, shiri don gwajin jini don sukari shine cewa mara lafiya kada ya ci abinci na awanni 8-12. Amma shin zai yiwu a sha ruwa a wannan lokacin? An yarda da ruwa mai tsabta kafin gwajin, kuma an haramta shan giya da barasa.
Masu shaye-shaye a gabanin binciken ya kamata su zubar da sigari, wanda zai iya gurbata sakamakon. Hakanan ba'a ba da shawarar ku goge haƙoranku tare da liƙa da ke ɗauke da sukari ba.
Idan dole ne ku ba da gudummawar jini don sukari yadda za ku shirya 'yan wasa da mutane masu motsa jiki? A daren Hauwa, ya zama tilas a yi watsi da ƙarancin kaya.
Wadanda suke shan kowane magani yakamata, in ya yiwu, su ki su tsawon lokacin binciken. Idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, to kuna buƙatar sanar da likitocin daga dakin gwaje-gwaje game da sifofin haƙuri na magunguna, wanda zai basu damar daidaita sakamakon.
Yadda za a shirya don bayar da jini, wanda aka dauka bayan cin abinci? An gudanar da gwajin ne a sa'o'i 1-1.5 bayan cin abinci. A lokaci guda, mutum bai kamata ya ƙi shan ruwan sha ba, amma an haramta cinye ruwan lemo, barasa da soda.
Hakanan kafin a tantance shi haramun ne:
- don aiwatar da hanyoyin warkewa da bincike, irin su likitan dabbobi, tausa, x-ray, duban dan tayi;
- shiga cikin bukukuwa;
- ku ci sosai lokacin kwanciya;
- ku ci abinci mai ƙiba da abinci mai sauri.
Idan za a gudanar da samin jini a cikin yara, to ya kamata a kula don tabbatar da cewa an wanke hannayen su sosai. Kari akan haka, bai kamata ku baiwa yaranku cakulan da abubuwan sha ba.
Ko da ruwan 'ya'yan itace zaki sha na iya sa amsar ta zama tabbatacciya.
Menene sakamakon gwajin yake nufi?
Yayin nazarin a kan komai a ciki, dabi'u na yau da kullun a cikin balagaggu sune 3.88-6.38 mmol / l. A cikin jarirai masu dauke da alamar jini ba tare da matsananciyar yunwar ba, bayanai na iya bambanta daga 2.78 zuwa 4.44 mmol / L. A cikin marasa lafiya sama da shekaru 10, sakamakon ya tashi daga 3.33 zuwa 5.55 mmol / L.
Idan tsarin sukari ya yi yawa, to akwai yiwuwar kamuwa da ciwon sukari. Sauran dalilai sune cututtukan endocrine waɗanda ke haifar da rashin aiki na ƙwayoyin pituitary, thyroid, pancreas da glandon adrenal. Hyperglycemia kuma yana nuna cututtukan fata, guba na carbon monoxide da wasu magunguna.
Rage ƙananan taro na sukari ana iya la'akari da al'ada lokacin da ƙasa da 3.3 mmol / l tare da yanayin rashin gamsuwa na gaba ɗaya. Koyaya, idan matakin ya ƙasa da waɗannan adadi, to ƙarin ƙarin jarrabawa wajibi ne.
Gabaɗaya, abun cikin glucose yana raguwa a irin waɗannan halaye:
- tsallake magani ko abinci a gaban ciwon sukari;
- kasawa a cikin tafiyar matakai na rayuwa;
- guba (arsenic, chloroform, barasa);
- kiba
- azumi ko bin tsaftataccen abinci;
- kasancewar cututtuka daban-daban (sarcoidosis, gazawar hanta, bugun jini, lalacewar jijiyoyin jiki, da sauransu).
Bidiyo a cikin wannan labarin zai gaya maka yadda ake yin gwajin sukari na jini.
