Tambayar menene daidai ne atherosclerosis, cuta ce kawai ta hanyoyin jini ko jiki gaba ɗaya, mai wuya ne.
Yanayi a jikin bangon arteries na abubuwan musamman na cholesterol da furotin - wannan a mafi yawan lokuta yana nuna rashin lafiyar metabolism a baki daya.
Atherosclerosis cuta ce mai rashin ƙarfi. Kuna iya rayuwa tsawon shekaru ba tare da damuwa ba kuma ba ku fahimci cewa akwai matsaloli ba, har sai kwatsam wani mummunan cuta ya afka wa mutum, ya sanya shi nakasassu ko kuma ya kawar da rayuwarsa nan take.
Wannan cuta ba ta warkarwa. Ba za ku iya murmurewa gaba ɗaya ba kuma “tsabtace tasoshin,” kamar yadda alkawuran talla marasa amfani suke, amma zaku iya sassauta ci gabanta kuma ku hana rikice-rikice.
Sakamakon atherosclerosis sau da yawa yana da mutuwa, saboda haka "kuna buƙatar sanin abokan gaba a cikin mutum" kuma ku fahimci matakai da sakamakonsu don guje wa bala'i.
Mafi yawan lokuta, matsalar atherosclerosis tana fuskantar mutanen da suka manyanta. A cikin matsanancin matasa, maza sun fi fuskantar wahala, amma a cikin shekarun nan, ana samun damar yin rashin lafiya. Saboda canje-canje na hormonal, jikin mace kuma yana ba da kanta ga haɗari.
Rashin irin wannan hormone kamar estrogen yayin menopause yana tsokani cigaban atherosclerosis. An gano wannan cutar a matsayin mafi yawan cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki a duniya, sakamakonsa shine ciwon zuciya, bugun jini da sauran cututtukan da suka mutu.
Babban fasali na atherosclerosis
Akwai ɗimbin ɗumbin dalilai mabambantan dalilai waɗanda ke haifar da haɓakar ilimin ƙwaro.
Babu wata yarjejeniya tsakanin masu bincike game da illar etiology.
Da yawa daga cikin abubuwan an daɗe da sanin su kuma an tabbatar da su, kuma wasu “'yan damfara” ne kawai kuma ana ci gaba da bincike, amma yin taka tsantsan wajibi ne don duk dalilai.
Don haka, daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da ci gaba ana kiransu:
- Kashi. An tabbatar da cewa abubuwan gado suna iya ƙayyade fasalin fasalin bangon jijiyoyin bugun gini, waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga bayyanar filaye.
- Shan taba. Babu tabbas cewa bayyanar da ci gaban atherosclerosis ya fi rikicewa a cikin masu shan sigari.
- Rashin lafiyar metabolism - alaƙa da asalin yanayin hormonal (canje-canje masu dangantaka da shekaru a cikin yanayin hormonal, saboda wanda aka kunna cholesterol) ko tare da salon rayuwa mara daidai. Wannan lamari yana da mutuƙar mutuwa yayin haɗuwa da hauhawar jijiya da kiba.
- Lalacewa zuwa saman ciki na jijiyoyin ƙwayar cuta yayin kamuwa da wasu ƙwayoyin cuta (herpes) ko chlamydia - ka'idar har yanzu tana buƙatar hujja, amma akwai abubuwan lura.
- Rashin lafiyar Autoimmune - kuskure a cikin rigakafi na rigakafi, wanda kwayoyin jikinsu ke lura da shi azaman kasashen waje.
- Rashin tsarin antioxidant na jiki da canje-canje a cikin tsarin ingantaccen ƙwayar tsoka na tasoshin, abin da ake kira peroxide da ka'idar monoclonal.
- Haɓakar ƙwayar lipoprotein, wato, sanya adon lipids a bangon ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi saboda dalilai basu bayyana ba tukuna.
Akwai sauran ka'idoji, amma duk abin da dalili, salon, abinci, motsa jiki, da rashin halaye marasa kyau suna da mahimmanci.
An rarraba ilimin halittar halittar tsari zuwa matakai da yawa.
“Fuska mai kaifi” a matakin farko ana maye gurbin ta da “ruwa mai ruwa,” yayin da adibas ya kasance mai hadarin gaske saboda saurin rabuwa da sassan jikin mutum daga garesu, kuma tsarin yana karewa da hada kudi da adon ajiya saboda tarin karafan da ke cikinsu.
Samuwar atheromatosis shine mataki na karshe na aiwatarwa wanda aka lalata filaye, lalacewa tare da kirkirar jini da jijiyoyi. Partangarorin ɓarawon da ke lalacewa na iya shimfiɗa ta tasoshin zuwa kusan kowane ɓangare na jiki da gabobin, wanda ke haifar da rikice-rikice.
Hanyoyin shimfidar wurare na Atherosclerotic na iya shafar ba wai kawai saman ciki na arteries ba - an same su, alal misali, a kan bawuyoyin zuciyar ko jijiyoyin zuciya.
Bayyanar cututtuka da sakamakon atherosclerosis
Bayyanar cututtuka na atherosclerosis - wannan shine sakamakon sa, a zahiri, rikice rikice, saboda da farko shi ne "mai kisa da shiru" wanda ba ya haifar da wata gunaguni.
Abin takaici, yawanci kasancewar kasancewar atherosclerosis a cikin mutane ya zama sanannu ne kawai bayan posthumously.
Hakanan yana faruwa wanda tuni ƙarancin taƙaitaccen ƙwayar ƙwayar jijiya na iya haifar da ischemia, wato, rashin zagayawa cikin jini, da haifar da haƙuri da yawa.
Atherosclerosis yana da yawa-gefe - akwai rauni na gida da na kowa, kuma bayyanar cututtuka na asibiti sun kasance ne ta dalilin yanki da kuma matsayin girman yawan hanyoyin cutar.
Maganin da ya fi yawa shine ƙayyadadden tsari na atherosclerotic a cikin ɗaya ko biyu gabobin, waɗanda ke ƙayyade alamun cutar.
Waɗanne abubuwa ne ke fama da mafi yawan lokuta?
Me ke damun atherosclerosis? Bari muyi la'akari da kowane sashi don tsari.
Kwakwalwa. Lokacin da tasoshin kwakwalwa ko carotid arteries suka toshe tare da matsi na atherosclerotic, sassanta da aka sanya, shine, emboli, ko katse jirgin ruwa da jijiyoyin mahaifa, bugun jini yana tasowa - cin zarafin wurare dabam dabam. Bayyanannun sa na iya zama da bambanci sosai kuma ya dogara da wuri da girman ƙwayar ƙwaƙwalwar mamaci. Abin takaici, wannan shine ɗayan abubuwan da suka fi haifar da mutuwa da rashin ƙarfi mai rauni a cikin raunuka na atherosclerotic.
Zuciya Wannan kuma daya ne daga cikin mummunan yanayin yanayin da ke tattare da ci gaban cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin zuciya, angina pectoris, da kuma kasala mai narkewar myocardial a cikin ciwon sukari, watau, necrosis na wani bangare na jijiyoyin zuciya saboda katsewar hauhawar jini.
Aorta. Jirgin ruwa mafi mahimmanci kuma mafi girma a jikin mutum watakila ba zai iya shan wahala ba, amma raunukansa a koyaushe suna da matukar rauni - wani aortic aneurysm, wato bakin ciki da sassauyawar ganuwar sa da samuwar wani “jakar”, wanda hakan na iya haifar da ruɓewa - a irin haka, ikon dakatar da ɗimbin yawa ana auna jini da ajiyar haƙuri cikin mintina, ko ma sekoko.
Kodan. Rashin raunin jini a cikin kodan na iya zama na kullum, wanda hakan zai haifar da ci gaban hauhawar jini ko kuma wahalar da ake ciki; kuma yana iya haifar da "kwatsam" hurawa tare da haɓakar ƙin koda da mummunan rikice-rikice, har ma da masu kisa.
Hanyoyin ciki. Haka ne, akwai cututtukan hanji na ischemic tare da barazanar ci gaba, abin da ake kira mesenteric thrombosis - m necrosis na hanji da kuma peritonitis. Mai matsananciyar wahala, mai wahalar gane cutar, sau da yawa m.
Kasusuwa na ƙananan ƙarshen. Kwayar cutar cututtukan jini - takaddama mai wuyar fassara, cututtukan trophic har ma da gangrene, watau, necrosis nama saboda ƙarancin wurare dabam dabam na jini.
Jirgin ruwa na kudade. Daga ƙaramin ƙananan ƙwayar cuta zuwa cikakken asarar hangen nesa da makanta - wannan ita ce rawar gani na lalacewar ido a cikin wannan cuta.
Mafi sau da yawa, lalacewa na jijiyoyin bugun jini na atherosclerotic yana tasowa a wuraren da suke yin alamarsu, inda yaduwar jini tayi daidai da kowane yanayi kuma an kirkiro yanayi mai kyau don ajiyar cholesterol a jikin bango - wannan na iya zama wurin rabuwa da carotid artery a cikin rassa na ciki da waje, sashin farko na renal ko reshe na jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini na hagu.
Bayyanar cututtuka da magani
Duk wani kwararren likita da zai fara sauraron kararrakinsa a hankali sannan kuma ya tattara wani aiki-wato, zai tambaya dalla-dalla game da mai jinsa game da yadda yake ji, mita da kuma rubutattun alamun bayyanar cututtuka, cututtukan da suka shafi cuta da kuma abubuwan gado.
Bayan bincika, likita zai kula da alamun bayyanar cututtuka na jijiyoyin jini a cikin gabobin, kasancewar halayyar "atherosclerotic ring" a jikin iris da kuma kimanta "ingancin" bugun jini a kan jijiyoyin bugun zuciya.
Bayan wannan matakin, zaku iya tantance yuwuwar kuma matakin aikin atherosclerotic.
Amma game da ƙarin gwaje-gwaje - wannan gwajin jini ne ga sigogin ƙirar halitta da bayanin lipid, da kuma ƙididdigar duban dan tayi, duplex, triplex da X-ray na jijiyoyin jini tare da gabatarwar wakili na musamman na kwalliya - duk wannan yana ba mu damar tantance zurfin lalacewar arteries da kuma yiwuwar mummunan sakamako.
An tabbatar da gano cutar. Abinda yakamata ayi Babban ceto shine gyaran rayuwa, kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, shi ne cewa yawancin ɓangaren yana yanke hukuncin nasarar magani.
Hakanan akwai wasu kungiyoyin magunguna da yawa waɗanda aka tsara don gyara matsalar:
- Magungunan da aka fi amfani dasu shine rukuni na mutum-mutumi (Atoris, Torvakard, Vasilip da sauransu), magungunan da aka tsara don rage ƙwayar cholesterol, kwantar da hankulan abinci da hana hana adana abubuwa a jikin bangon jijiyoyin jini.
- Rukuni na biyu - wakilan antiplatelet (sanannen sanannun kuma na kowa - acetylsalicylic acid, Aspirin), wanda ke hana haɓakar thrombosis da haɓaka "haɓakar jini" na jini.
- A matsayi na uku sune beta-blockers (Atenolol, Corvitol), waɗanda suke "sauke nauyin" ƙwayar zuciya, rage yawan lokutan rikicewa, rage buƙatar abinci mai gina jiki, rage karfin jini da kuma yiwuwar bugun zuciya.
- ACE inhibitors (angiotensin-mai canza enzyme) - Prestarium, Enalapril - suna rage hauhawar jini, kuma suna rage jinkirin ci gaban atherosclerosis.
- Diuretics - shima yana rage hawan jini, yana rage yawan jini yana yaduwa ta hanyar jijiyoyin jini, kuma bangare ne na magunguna hade da yawa.
- Sauran - alal misali, don lura da angina pectoris ko ciwon sukari mellitus, wanda shima ya shafi tasirin atherosclerosis.
Idan magani bai isa ba, yi amfani da hanyoyi irin su angioplasty, tiyata ta wuce, endarterectomy - wato, fadada ƙarancin ƙwayar jijiya, maye gurbin ɓangaren da ya lalace ko kuma bari jini ya kwarara "kewaye".
Idan akwai wani mummunan sakamako - bugun zuciya ko bugun jini - akwai yuwuwar maganin thrombolytic, watau rushewar thrombus a cikin lokacin tsananin; rashin alheri, sakamakon ba koyaushe zai samu ba, bugu da kari, irin wadannan magungunan na iya haifar da zub da jini.
Kwararre a cikin bidiyo a cikin wannan labarin zai yi magana game da atherosclerosis.
