Idan aka gano mai haƙuri a cikin mafi tsananin yanayin ciwan atherosclerosis na ƙananan ƙarshen, a wasu halaye babu wata hanyar fita daga magani kamar yankan ƙasan ƙananan ƙarshen.
Atherosclerosis obliterans na ƙananan ƙarshen shine cuta mai saurin ci gaba da na jijiyoyin jiki da na babban katako, yana tasowa sakamakon haɗuwa da dyslipidemia na tsawon lokaci da lalacewar bango na jijiya, in babu ingantaccen magani yana haifar da rikice-rikice da nakasa.
Dalilai don haɓakar atherosclerosis NK
Akwai dalilai da yawa da yawa don haɓakar canje-canje atherosclerotic a cikin tasoshin gabobin.
Abubuwan da ke haifar da ci gaban atherosclerosis za'a iya kasu kashi biyu.
Irin waɗannan rukunin abubuwan sune abubuwan da ke haifar da haɓakawa a cikin matakin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa gaba ɗaya da gutsuttsuranta a cikin jini jini da abubuwan da aikinsu ke haifar da lalacewar ƙwayar jijiya.
Rukunin farko sun hada da:
- Babban dalilin sanadin ƙara yawan cholesterol ba shine bin abinci mai ma'ana ba - cin abinci mai yawa na dabbobi da abinci mai kyau cikin cholesterol, da abinci da aka soyayyen mai da yawan mai, kyafaffen, abinci mai gishiri, da abinci mai sauri. Babban mahimmanci shine rage rage cin abinci na tushen fiber - kayan lambu, kore, 'ya'yan itace, hatsi da legumes, rashin bin tsarin shaye-shaye, yawan amfani da soda mai dadi, kofi, shayi.
- Har ila yau, haɓakar iyali yana da mahimmanci - duka biyu ga cututtukan tsarin zuciya, kiba, ciwo na rayuwa, sauran cututtukan endocrine, da kuma cutar dyslipidemia, homocysteinemia, da sauran cututtuka na cuta na rayuwa.
Dalilan rukuni na biyu sun hada da:
- mummunan halaye - yawan shan ruwa da shan sigari yana shafar murfin ciki na bangon jirgin ruwa, yana lalata tsarin sa kuma yana samar da yanayi don haɗewar ɗimbin atheromatous da ƙarar jini;
- rashin aiki na jiki - tare da ƙarancin motsa jiki da kuma yanayin rayuwa, akwai yuwuwar zub da jini a cikin tasoshin ƙananan ƙarshen, ƙara matsa lamba a cikinsu kuma yana cutar da endothelium;
- matsanancin motsa jiki, aiki mai wuya - haifar da microtrauma na tsokoki na kafafu kuma, saboda haka, tasoshinsu, ƙirƙirar yanayi don haɓakar ƙwayoyin cholesterol;
- raunin da ya haifar da cututtukan jini na asali - haifar da rikice rikicewar jini a cikin yankunan da suka lalace na kafafu, ischemia;
- abin da ya faru na atherosclerosis yana shafar cututtukan haɗin gwiwa - cututtukan thrombotic ko cututtukan thromboembolic, amfani da wasu magunguna - haɗuwa da maganin hana haihuwa, glucocorticosteroids.
Sauran abubuwan sun haɗa da shekaru (na rage ƙwayar jijiyar jijiyoyi a cikin tsofaffi) da jinsi (mafi yawan lokuta cutar tana haɓakawa maza, kamar yadda hodar iblis na mace take da tasirin kariya a cikin endothelium).
Iri raunuka da bayyanar cututtuka
Mafi sau da yawa, ana samun waɗannan nau'ikan raunukan jijiyoyin bugun gini - ɓangare ko stenosis - ba a rufe diamita na jijiya ba gaba ɗaya. A lokaci guda, yawan zubar jini ba shi da rikitarwa, baya haifar da rikice-rikice da alamu masu mahimmanci, yana da sauƙin kafaɗa zuwa hanyoyin magani na ra'ayin mazan jiya.
Nau'i na biyu - katsewar ciki - an toshe lumen sama da rabin, zubar da jini yana da rauni ko kuma ba ya kasancewa gaba ɗaya, yana haifar da alamu iri iri da rikitarwa, yana buƙatar magani, kuma yana iya haifar da tawaya.
Bayyanar cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙananan ƙarshen sun bambanta kuma sun dogara da matsayin ci gaban cuta.
Mafi bayyanar cututtuka sune:
- Girma da rashin jin daɗi a cikin kafafu, har zuwa ciwo, bayan ƙoƙarin jiki, tafiya mai tsawo.
- Take hakkin jijiyar zafi - akai-akai na ji na sanyi ƙafa.
- Take hakkin tartsatsi da azanci ji na yankin lalace.
- Matsalar tafiya, lokacin da an sami ɓoɓin ƙwayar atherosclerotic a wurin da kertic bifurcation a kan iliac arteries - intermittent claudication.
- Raunin ciwo - daga bayyanar jin zafi a cikin maraƙi ko tsokoki na ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa bayan gagarumar ƙoƙari ko tafiya mai tsayi, gudana zuwa ciwo koyaushe, har ma a hutawa ko da dare. Saboda yanayin jin zafi a atherosclerosis, yawanci maras ban sha'awa, ba mai ƙarfi ba, na iya ƙaruwa yayin aiki na jiki.
- Take hakkin trophism na fata da appendages, tsokoki - thinning da bushewar fata, wani canji a cikin launi (daga kodadde a farkon matakai na cutar zuwa shunayya da baki tare da samuwar gangrene da nama necrosis), asarar gashi a cikin yankunan da abin ya shafa, lokacin farin ciki, kusoshi mai narkewa, ƙonewar tsoka, jinkirta warkar da raunuka a kan fata na ƙafa, samuwar cututtukan trophic, necrosis na fata da taushi kyallen takarda.
Alamar tabbatacciyar alamar rikicewar kasusuwa na kafafu shine rashin isowar bugun jini a cikin jijiya mai nisa - popliteal, jijiyoyin ƙafa, da cinya. Wannan alamar tana da mahimmanci musamman ga ganewar asali da kuma gano kansa na atherosclerosis.
Matsayi na Atherosclerosis NK
An rarraba cutar ta hanyar matakan da ke ci gaba da ƙarin dabarun magani don dogara - zaɓi na likita ko tsarin ra'ayin mazan jiya, ko amfani da hanyoyin tiyata.
Ana gano matakin farko lokacin da ciwo ya faru ne kawai bayan gagarumar motsa jiki, tafiya nesa da nesa fiye da kilomita 1 ba shi da jin ciwo. A wannan matakin, mai haƙuri yana buƙatar kulawa da ra'ayin mazan jiya - gyaran gyare-gyare na salon, da kuma alamu - maganin ƙwaƙwalwa.
Mataki na biyu ana nuna shi ta hanyar raguwa da haƙuri ga ayyukan motsa jiki, abin da ya faru na jin zafi a cikin tsokoki na ƙafafu lokacin tafiya a nesa daga mita 250 zuwa kilomita 1. Ga irin waɗannan marasa lafiya, tsarin kulawa yana ƙunshe da amfani da hanyoyin rashin magunguna da magunguna.
Mataki na uku shine nisan tafiya mara nauyi daga mita 50 zuwa 250, sauran alamomi suna nan - trophic, impareed impressence, pains shima zai yuwu cikin dare da kuma hutawa. Ga irin wannan marassa lafiya, ya zama dole a hada magungunan magani da na karamin marasa karfi hanyoyin yin tiyata.
Mataki na huɗu yana da dukkanin halaye na uku, amma yana ƙaruwa da abin da ya faru na rikicewar ischemic - rauni na trophic, gangrene. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana amfani da hanyoyin maganin tiyata ga irin wannan marasa lafiya, tunda a wannan matakin damar da ke tattare da rauni na mara lafiyar da ba ta dace ba kuma ba ta da magani.
Bayyanar cututtuka na atherosclerosis na ƙananan sassan
Mataki na farko a cikin bayyanar cututtuka shine cikakken tarihin rayuwa (cututtuka da suka gabata da cututtuka na yau da kullun, aiki, raunin da ya faru, sha'awar iyali, salon rayuwa, abinci mai gina jiki, halaye marasa kyau).
Tarihin cutar kuma yana da mahimmanci (farko, yiwuwar haddasawa, alamu na farko, tsawon lokacin cutar, ci gabanta, magani na baya, sakamakonsa).
Hanyoyi masu zuwa ba na tilas bane, ana buƙatar tabbatar da cutar.
Waɗannan sun haɗa da gwaje-gwaje na dakin gwaje-gwaje:
- Cikakken ƙidaya jini, urinalysis gabaɗaya.
- Glucose na jini (bayyanar cutar sankara da kuma warkewar cutar malaria).
- Gwajin jini na biochemical - ƙayyade ƙwayar lipid (matakin jimlar cholesterol, girma da ƙarancin lipoproteins, triglycerides), hanta (AlAT, AcAT, alkaline phosphatase suma suna da mahimmanci - statins suna contraindicated tare da karuwa a waɗannan sigogi) da kuma na renal (creatinine, urea) gwaje-gwaje.
An ƙaddara binciken karshe bayan an yi ƙarin hanyoyin gwaji na kayan aiki, wanda zai ba ka damar sanin matakin lalacewar, diamita na jigilar jirgin ruwa har ma a iya ganin yadda yanayin jini yake.
Wadannan sun hada da:
- angiography shine ɗayan hanyoyi mafi sauƙi da mafi arha, dangane da ƙaddamar da wakilin bambanci na X-ray a cikin tasoshin da hotunan X-ray na gabobin;
- multispiral da aka lissafa da tomography da kuma hoton magnetic resonance sune hanyoyin bincike masu bayar da bayanai wadanda zasu taimaka wajan hango matakin tashin hankali na jijiyoyin bugun gini;
- duplex duban dan tayi scanning shine ma'aunin zinare don gano cutarda ke lalata cututtukan atherosclerosis, yana bada damar bibiya yaduwar jini ta yankin da ya lalace, don iya ganin jiragen ruwa.
Hakanan a cikin hadaddun matakan bincike sun hada da auna karfin jini a hannu da kafafu, da lissafin kasusuwan gwiwa da baka.
Tabbataccen jiyya don atherosclerosis na ƙananan sassan
Jiyya yana dogara da alamun cutar, matakin sa, kuma ya haɗa da sauyawa kan salon haƙuri, hanyoyin magani da hanyoyin tiyata.
Ana iya aiwatar da kulawa na matakan farko kamar yadda aka sani, ana ba mai haƙuri shawarwari kan tsarin abinci, matsakaiciyar motsa jiki, da kulawa da ƙafa.
Abincin don kula da atherosclerosis yakamata a daidaita shi, tare da haɗa abinci a cikin kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa, hatsi, nau'ikan nama mai kifi da kifi, ingantaccen tsarin shaye shaye.
Kamar yadda tushen furotin, naman kaza, kifi mai-kitse, legumes, soya, furotin kwai kaza ya dace.
Abincin mai-kitse an cire shi gaba daya - sausages, pastes, yolks, abinci mai sauri, abinci mai dacewa.
Kulawar da ta dace yana da mahimmanci - don guje wa hypothermia, saka sutt mai dadi, ba kusa, takalman orthopedic in ya yiwu, don aiwatar da shinge, da kulawa da ƙananan raunuka akan fata tare da maganin antiseptics.
Hakanan yana da kyau a yi amfani da wanka mai ban sha'awa da kwalliya na ganye ko gishiri, tausa.
A Intanit zaka iya samun ingantaccen sake dubawa game da rubutattun magunguna na mutane don magani, waɗannan sun haɗa da shafa mai na shafa fata tare da man zaitun ko mai itacen buckthorn, kayan kwalliyar dutsen ash ko dill. Amma ya kamata a tuna cewa wajibi ne don amfani da irin waɗannan girke-girke a hade tare da wasu magani kuma in babu contraindications.
Kula da magunguna na atherosclerosis:
- Magungunan hana daukar ciki na jini - Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin, Simvastatin, fibrates, acid nicotinic.
- Antispasmodics - Babu-shpa, Drotaverin, Papaverin.
- Magungunan Vasoactive - Vazoprostan, Trental, Curantil, Cilostazol.
- Jami'an rigakafi da magungunan kashe jini - Asfirin, Cardiomagnyl, Magnikor, Fraksiparin, Heparin, Enoksiparin, Clopidogrel.
Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da maganin bitamin da ilimin motsa jiki a cikin aikin kulawa.
Jiyya na atherosclerosis
Don dawo da kwararar jini a cikin matakai na farko da na biyu, ana amfani da ayyukan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta - ƙwanƙwasawa, aikin tiyata, balloon angioplasty, thrombendarteriectomy, angioplasty tare da ƙarin alloprosthetics ko autoprosthetics.
Don lura da matakai na uku da na huɗu na atherosclerosis, ana amfani da magani mai rikitarwa, wanda ya haɗa da shawarwari gaba ɗaya akan hanyar rayuwa da abinci, magani da tiyata.
Ga marasa lafiya da mummunar ischemia, ba zai yiwu a yi aikin tiyata ba da ƙarancin ƙarfi, tunda guduwar jini tana da rauni sosai, kuma canje-canje masu ƙwararrakin jini da canje-canje na jijiyoyin jini suna faruwa.
Wani lokacin hanya guda ɗaya ta fita a cikin irin wannan yanayi, a gaban ɗimbin ƙwayoyin tsohuwar ƙwayar cuta, lalacewar ba wai kawai mai laushi ba amma har da ƙashin ƙashi, shine yanki na yanki da abin ya shafa.
Wannan ɗayan ɗayan tsohuwar aikin tiyata, asalinsa shine cire wani ɓangaren reshe tare da kashi, ana amfani da yanki na ƙananan ƙarshen tare da atherosclerosis ne kawai a cikin yanayin inda ba zai yiwu ba don adana ƙwayar cuta.
Ya danganta da matakin fashewar jijiyoyin bugun gini da canje-canje a wuraren da ke kusa da juna, an rarrabe manyan da manyan yankan.
Ana kiran babban yatsan hannu yayin da aka yanke wani reshe a sama da gwiwa, low - tare da kaman yatsun, kafa, da kasan kafa.
An kuma yankan yanki zuwa na firamare da sakandare.
Manuniya don amfani - cikakken tsinkaye na jijiyoyin jiki, tare da raɗaɗi mai raɗaɗi, rashin sakamako daga maganin mazan jiya, canje-canje na fata a cikin fata da tsokoki.
Canjin tiyata yana hana aukuwar rikice-rikice - sepsis, kamuwa da cuta na wasu gabobin.
Dole ne a tuna cewa bayan yankewa, magani a wannan matakin ba ya ƙare, tunda atherosclerosis sau da yawa yana ɗaukar multifocal, kuma ba da daɗewa halin da ke fama da rauni na jini na iya sake komawa.
Bayan tiyata mai tsattsauran ra'ayi, matakan dawo da zama dole - kewaye tiyata ko stenting, prosthetics na haɗin haɗin da aka cire.
Yin rigakafin lalata atherosclerosis ya ƙunshi kiyaye aikin jiki, riƙe da ma'anar abinci, dakatar da shan sigari da shan barasa, lokaci-lokaci kula da cholesterol da sauran ctionsarfin lipid, hauhawar jini, kulawa na lokaci-lokaci na cututtukan haɗaka.
Yadda aka kula da atherosclerosis an bayyana shi a cikin bidiyon a wannan labarin.
