Shirye-shiryen insulin

Insulin wani sinadari ne wanda yake yin ayyuka da yawa lokaci daya - yana rushe glucose a cikin jini sannan ya kai shi cikin sel da kashin jikinsa, ta hakan ne zai dauke su da kuzarin da suke bukata domin yin aiki na yau da kullun. Lokacin da wannan kwayar halitta ta gaza a cikin jiki, sel suna dakatar da karɓar makamashi a daidai gwargwado, duk da cewa matakin sukari na jini ya fi yadda yake daidai. Kuma lokacin da mutum ya nuna irin wannan rikice-rikice, an wajabta shi shirye-shiryen insulin. Suna da nau'ikan da yawa, kuma don fahimtar wane insulin ne mafi kyau, ya zama dole a yi la'akari da dalla-dalla game da nau'ikansa da kuma matakan bayyanarsa ga jiki.

Babban bayani

Insulin yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a jikin mutum. Abin godiya ne a gare shi cewa sel da tsokoki na gabobin ciki suna karɓar makamashi, godiya ga wanda suke iya aiki kullum kuma suna gudanar da aikinsu. Kwayar cutar ta shiga cikin samar da insulin. Kuma tare da haɓakar kowane cuta wanda ke haifar da lalacewar ƙwayoyin jikinta, ya zama sanadin rage raguwar kwayar wannan kwayar. Sakamakon wannan, sukari da ke shiga jiki kai tsaye tare da abinci ba a goge shi kuma ya zauna cikin jini a cikin nau'ikan microcrystals. Sabili da haka fara ciwon sukari mellitus.

Amma yana da nau'ikan biyu - na farko da na biyu. Kuma yayin da yake tare da T1DM akwai raguwa ko cikakkiyar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, to, tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na type 2 akwai matsala daban-daban a cikin jiki. Cutar koda tana ci gaba da samarda insulin, amma sel jikin sun rasa hankalin sa, saboda hakan ne suka daina daukar makamashi gaba daya. A kan wannan yanayin, sukari baya rushewa har ƙarshe kuma ya zauna cikin jini.

Amma a wasu yanayi, har ma da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na sukari, rage cin abinci ba ya ba da sakamako mai kyau, kamar yadda ƙwayar cutar “kumburin” ta wuce lokaci kuma yana dakatar da samar da hormone a cikin adadin da ya dace. A wannan yanayin, ana amfani da shirye-shiryen insulin.

Ana samun su ta fuskoki biyu - a allunan da kuma mafita don gudanarwar cikin ciki (allura). Kuma magana game da abin da ya fi kyau, insulin ko allunan, ya kamata a lura cewa injections suna da mafi girman yanayin wahalar jikin mutum, tunda abubuwan da suke aiki suna shiga cikin hanzarin shiga cikin tsari kuma suna farawa. Kuma insulin a cikin allunan farko ya fara shiga ciki, bayan haka sai ya fara aikin share fage sannan kawai ya shiga cikin jini.

Yin amfani da shirye-shiryen insulin ya kamata ya faru ne kawai bayan tuntuɓar ƙwararrun likita

Amma wannan baya nufin cewa insulin a cikin Allunan yana da ƙarancin aiki. Hakanan yana taimakawa rage yawan sukari na jini kuma yana taimakawa haɓaka yanayin janar na haƙuri. Koyaya, saboda ƙarancin aikinsa, bai dace ba don amfani dashi a lokuta na gaggawa, alal misali, tare da farawar cutar hyperglycemic.

Rarrabawa

Rarraba insulin yayi yawa sosai. An rarrabu gwargwadon nau'in asalin (na halitta, na roba), kazalika da ƙaddamar da gabatarwar zuwa cikin jini:

• gajere
• matsakaici;
• tsayi.

Short insulin

Insulin Aspart da sunan kasuwanci

Insulin-gajeran aiki shine maganin sinadarin zinc-insulin. Abubuwan da suke bambanta su shine cewa suna aiki da jikin mutum da sauri fiye da sauran nau'ikan insulin. Amma a lokaci guda, lokacin aikinsu yana ƙare da zarar ya fara.

Irin waɗannan kwayoyi suna shiga cikin subcutaneously rabin sa'a kafin cin abinci guda biyu - intradermally ko intramuscularly. Matsakaicin tasirin amfanirsu yana faruwa ne bayan sa'o'i 2-3 bayan gudanarwa. A matsayinka na doka, ana amfani da kwayoyi na gajeriyar hanya a hade tare da wasu nau'ikan insulin.

Matsakaici Insulin

Wadannan kwayoyi suna narkewa da hankali sosai a cikin kasusuwa masu kasusuwa kuma suna shiga cikin tsarin jini, saboda wannan suna da tasiri mafi dadewa fiye da insulins-gajere. Mafi yawan lokuta a cikin aikin likita, ana amfani da insulin NPH ko tef insulin. Na farko shine maganin lu'ulu'u na zinc-insulin da protamine, na biyu shine wakili mai hade wanda ya qunshi lu'ulu'u da amorphous zinc-insulin.

Hanyar aiwatar da shirye-shiryen insulin

Matsakaici insulin na dabba da asalin mutum. Suna da magunguna daban-daban. Bambanci tsakanin su shine insulin asalin dan adam yana da babban sinadarin hydrophobicity kuma yana hulɗa da kyau tare da protamine da zinc.

Don kauce wa mummunan sakamako na amfani da insulin na matsakaiciyar lokacin aiki, dole ne a yi amfani da shi bisa ga tsarin - sau 1 ko 2 a rana. Kuma kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, waɗannan magunguna suna haɗuwa tare da insulins na gajere. Wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa haɗinsu yana taimakawa mafi kyawun haɗarin furotin tare da zinc, sakamakon abin da yawan ƙwayar insulin gajere aiki ke raguwa sosai.

Dogon aiki insulins

Wannan rukunin magunguna suna da jinkirin matakin ɗaukar jini, saboda haka suna yin aiki na dogon lokaci. Wadannan ma'aikatan rage karfin insulin na jini suna bada daidaituwa na matakan glucose a cikin kullun. An gabatar dasu sau 1-2 a rana, ana zabar sashi daban. Za a iya haɗe su da ƙananan abubuwa na gajere da na matsakaici.

Hanyoyin aikace-aikace

Wani nau'in insulin don ɗauka kuma a cikin menene, kawai likita ya yanke shawara, yin la'akari da halayen mutum na haƙuri, matakin ci gaban cuta da gaban rikitarwa da sauran cututtuka. Don sanin ainihin sashin insulin, ya zama dole a kula da matakin sukari koyaushe a cikin jini bayan gudanarwar su.

Mafi kyawun wuri don insulin shine babban ɓangaren kitse a saman ciki.

Da yake magana game da hormone wanda yakamata kumburin ciki yakamata ayi, adadinsa yakamata yakai raka'a 30-40 a kowace rana. Ana buƙatar iri ɗaya a kan masu ciwon sukari. Idan yana da cikakkiyar ƙwayar cutar ƙwayar cutar ƙwayar cuta, to yawan ƙwayar insulin zai iya kaiwa raka'a 30-50 kowace rana. A lokaci guda, yakamata ayi amfani da 2/3 na safe, da ragowar maraice, kafin abincin dare.

Mafi kyawun tsari don shan miyagun ƙwayoyi ana ɗaukar su a matsayin haɗin gajere da matsakaitan insulin. Ta halitta, makirci don amfani da kwayoyi kuma ya dogara da wannan. Mafi yawan lokuta a irin wannan yanayi, ana amfani da tsarin masu zuwa:

• amfani da insulin gajere da matsakaici mai aiki a kan komai a ciki kafin karin kumallo, kuma da maraice kawai ana sanya magani mai gajartawa (kafin abincin dare) sannan bayan fewan awanni - matsakaici;
• ana amfani da kwayoyi da ke nuna gajeriyar hanya a cikin kullun (har zuwa sau 4 a rana), kuma kafin zuwa gado, ana yin allurar magani na dogon lokaci ko gajeriyar magana;
• a 5-6 na safe insulin na matsakaici ko tsawaita aikin da aka allura, kuma kafin karin kumallo da kowane abinci mai zuwa - gajere.

A cikin taron cewa likita ya ba da magani guda ɗaya kawai ga mai haƙuri, to, ya kamata a yi amfani da shi sosai a kan kullun na yau da kullun. Don haka, alal misali, insulin gajeran aiki ana saka shi sau 3 a rana lokacin (na ƙarshe kafin lokacin bacci), matsakaici - sau 2 a rana.

M sakamako masu illa

Wani ingantaccen magani da aka zaba da kuma yawan maganin sa kusan bai taɓa tsokano faruwar sakamako masu illa ba. Koyaya, akwai yanayi lokacin da insulin kanta bai dace da mutum ba, kuma a wannan yanayin wasu matsaloli na iya tasowa.

Abunda ke haifar da sakamako masu illa lokacin amfani da insulin shine mafi yawancin lokuta ana alakantawa da yawan wuce gona da iri, kulawa mara kyau ko adana magunguna

Sau da yawa, mutane suna yin gyare-gyare gwargwadon ikon kansu, yana ƙaruwa ko rage yawan insulin da aka sa a ciki, hakan yana haifar da rashin amsa yanayin ƙwayar lemu. Orara ko rage yawan sashi yana haifar da canji a cikin gullen jini a ɗayan ko kuma wani, ta haka yana haifar da haɓakar ƙwanƙwasa ko hauhawar jini, wanda zai haifar da mutuwa kwatsam.

Wata matsala da masu ciwon sukari ke fuskanta sau da yawa shine halayen rashin lafiyan mutum, yawanci yakan faru ne akan insulin asalin dabbobi. Alamu na farko su ne bayyanar itching da konewa a wurin allura, da kuma cututtukan fata da kumburinsu. A yayin da irin waɗannan bayyanar cututtuka suka bayyana, ya kamata ku nemi taimakon likita nan da nan kuma ku canza zuwa insulin na asalin ɗan adam, amma a lokaci guda rage yawan sashi.

Atrophy na adipose nama matsala ce ta yau da kullun a masu fama da cutar siga tare da tsawaita amfani da insulin. Wannan na faruwa saboda yawan ayyukan insulin a wuri guda. Wannan ba ya haifar da lahani da yawa ga lafiyar, amma ya kamata a canza yankin allura, tunda matakinsu na narkewa ne.

Tare da yin amfani da insulin na tsawan lokaci, za a iya samun ƙarin yawan ƙwayar cuta, wanda ke bayyane da rauni, ciwon kai, rage karfin jini, da sauransu. Idan kuma aka samu yawan shan ruwa, to ya kamata a nemi shawarar likita nan da nan.

Siffar Magunguna

Da ke ƙasa za muyi la’akari da jerin magunguna waɗanda ke amfani da insulin waɗanda galibi ana amfani da su ne wajen lura da ciwon sukari na mellitus. An gabatar dasu don dalilai na bayanai kawai, baza ku iya amfani dasu ba tare da sanin likita a kowane yanayi. Domin kuɗin don yin aiki da kyau, dole ne a zaɓi su gaba ɗaya!

Humalogue

Mafi kyawun aikin insulin gajere. Ya ƙunshi insulin ɗan adam. Ba kamar sauran magunguna ba, yana farawa da sauri. Bayan amfani dashi, ana lura da rage yawan sukari na jini bayan mintina 15 kuma ya kasance cikin iyakoki na yau da kullun don wasu 3 hours.

Humalog a cikin nau'in sirinji na alkalami

Babban alamun alamun amfani da wannan magani sune cututtuka da halaye masu zuwa:

• nau'in sukari mai dogaro da sukari;
• rashin lafiyan halayen sauran insulin;
• hauhawar jini;
• juriya ga amfani da magunguna masu rage sukari;
• ciwon sukari wanda yake dogaro da insulin kafin ayi tiyata.

An zaɓi kashi na miyagun ƙwayoyi daban-daban. Gabatarwa za a iya aiwatar da duka biyu kuma ya shiga cikin gaba daya, da cikin ciki. Koyaya, don guje wa rikice-rikice a gida, ana bada shawara don sarrafa magunguna kawai a ƙarƙashin kowane abinci.

Magungunan gajere na zamani, gami da Humalog, suna da sakamako masu illa. Kuma a wannan yanayin, marasa lafiya a kan tushen amfani da shi galibi suna da precoma, raguwar ingancin hangen nesa, rashin lafiyan jiki da lipodystrophy. Don magani don yin tasiri a kan lokaci, dole ne a adana shi da kyau. Kuma wannan ya kamata a yi a cikin firiji, amma bai kamata a ba shi damar daskare ba, tunda a wannan yanayin samfurin yana asarar kayan aikin warkarwa.

Insuman Rapid

Wani magani wanda ya danganta da insulin gajeran aiki wanda ya danganci kwayoyin halittar mutum. Ingancin maganin yana isa mafi girman minti 30 bayan gudanarwa kuma yana bayar da tallafin jiki mai kyau na tsawon awanni 7.

Insuman Rapid don gudanar da subcutaneous

Ana amfani da samfurin 20 mintuna kafin kowane abinci. A wannan yanayin, shafin allura yana canzawa kowane lokaci. Ba koyaushe zaka iya yin allura a wurare biyu. Wajibi ne a canza su koyaushe. Misali, na farko ana yin shi ne a yankin kafada, na biyu a ciki, na uku a gindi, da dai sauransu. Wannan zai guje wa atrophy na adipose nama, wanda wannan wakili yakan tsokane shi.

Biosulin N

Wani magani ne na matsakaici wanda ke ƙarfafa ɓarin ƙwayar cuta. Ya ƙunshi ma'anar hormone daidai ga mutum, sauƙin haƙuri da yawa kuma marasa lafiya suna ƙyamar bayyanar sakamako masu illa. Ayyukan maganin suna faruwa ne sa'a daya bayan gudanarwa kuma ya kai kololuwa bayan sa'o'i 4-5 bayan allurar. Ya kasance yana aiki har tsawon awanni 18 zuwa 20.

A cikin abin da mutum ya maye gurbin wannan magani tare da kwayoyi masu kama da wannan, to yana iya fuskantar matsalar rashin ƙarfi na hypoglycemia. Irin waɗannan dalilai kamar matsananciyar damuwa ko abincin tsallake abinci na iya tsokanar bayyanarsa bayan amfani da Biosulin N. Saboda haka, yana da matukar muhimmanci lokacin amfani da shi akai-akai don auna matakan sukari na jini.

Gensulin N

Yana nufin insulins na matsakaici wanda ke haɓaka haɓakar ƙwayar tsoka. Ana sarrafa magungunan a ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Ingantaccen aikinta shima yana faruwa awa 1 bayan gudanarwa kuma yakanyi tsawon awanni 18 zuwa 20. A takaice ana tsokanar tasirin tasirin sakamako kuma ana iya haɗuwa da ita tare da ɗaukar matakan gajere ko na tsawan lokaci.

Iri na miyagun ƙwayoyi Gensulin

Lantus

Inganta insulin, wanda ake amfani dashi don haɓakar ƙwayar insulin cikin damuwa. Ingantacce na awanni 24-40. Ana iya amfani da mafi girman tasirin sa'o'i 2-3 bayan gudanarwa. Ana gudanar dashi sau 1 a rana. Wannan magani yana da nasa analogues, wanda ke da sunaye masu zuwa: Levemir Penfill da Levemir Flexpen.

Levemir

Wani magani wanda ya dade yana amfani da karfi wajen sarrafa sukari na jini a cikin ciwon suga. Ingantaccen aikin nasa ana samun sa'o'i 5 bayan gudanarwa kuma yaci gaba da gudana a cikin yini. Halayen magungunan, wanda aka bayyana a shafin yanar gizon hukuma na masu kera, ya ba da shawarar cewa wannan magani, ba kamar sauran shirye-shiryen insulin ba, ana iya amfani dashi koda a cikin yara sama da shekaru 2.

Akwai shirye-shiryen insulin mai yawa. Kuma a faɗi wane ne mafi kyawun abu mai wuya ne. Ya kamata a fahimci cewa kowane gabobin yana da halayensa kuma a nasa hanyar maida martani ga wasu kwayoyi. Sabili da haka, zaɓi na insulin shiri ya kamata a gudanar da kowa daban kuma likita ne kawai.