Ciwon sukari mellitus a cikin yaro

Ciwon sukari mellitus rukuni ne na cututtuka waɗanda ke tasowa saboda dalilai daban-daban, amma suna tare da alamu guda - hyperglycemia (babban matakan glucose a cikin jini). Cutar na haɓakawa da ƙarancin insulin na hormone, ko kuma ƙetare tasirinta akan sel da kyallen takarda na jiki.

Ciwon sukari a cikin yara shine sananniyar cuta ce ta yau da kullun a cikin jama'a. Wannan na faruwa ne saboda ingantacciyar gano cutar a farkon matakan da kuma yanayin ɗabi'ar cutar da ita kanta. Labarin ya tattauna game da sifofin cututtukan cututtukan yara, nau'ikansa, abubuwan da ke haifar da shi, alamu da ka'idodin kulawa da marasa lafiya.

Sharuɗɗa don tabbatar da ciwon sukari a cikin yara da matasa

Ganin cutar “zaki da cuta” an kafa ta ne ta hanyar tabbatar da gwaje-gwajen cututtukan fata da kuma kasancewar alamun cutar. Sharuɗɗan Cutar Kwayar cuta:

• bazuwar ƙuduri na alamun sukari na jini sama da 10 mmol / l (kowane lokaci na rana, babu wata alaƙa da yawan samfurori a cikin jikin);
• matakan sukari na jini sama da 6.3 mmol / l da safe kafin karin kumallo;
• Manuniya na glycemia sama da 10 mmol / l bayan mintuna 120 bayan cinye kyakkyawan bayani akan asalin gwajin haƙuri.

Mahimmanci! Muna magana ne game da matakin sukari a cikin jini mai mahimmanci, wato, an ɗauka daga yatsa. A cikin jinin venous, lambobin zasu kasance mafi girma (11.1 da 7, bi da bi).

Hyperglycemia shine babban alamar "cuta mai daɗi", duk da haka, saboda dalilai da yawa, yanayin hypoglycemic na iya haɓaka a cikin masu ciwon sukari

Baya ga manufar "ciwon sukari na yara," akwai kuma kalmar "mai rauni ga glucose." Yana nufin jihar kan iyaka tsakanin ciwon sukari da sukari na al'ada homeostasis a cikin jiki. Sunan na biyu na kalmar shi ne maganin ciwon suga, wanda ke nufin samun yaro cikin rukunin mutane masu haɗarin kamuwa da cutar "ƙoshin lafiya".

An tabbatar da ilimin cutar sankara ta hanyar gwajin haƙuri. Idan sa'o'i 2 bayan cinye maganin zazzabi mai zaki, ƙimar glycemia tana tsakanin kewayon 7.8 mmol / L zuwa 11.1 mmol / L, likita yana tunanin NGT.

Ta yaya cutar cuta ta 1 ta taso a cikin yara

Wani nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 cikin yara ana nuna shi da ƙarancin insulin hormone na kashin kansa. Wannan abu yana da mahimmanci don jigilar kwayoyin sukari zuwa sel da keɓaɓɓun sel. Idan baƙin ƙarfe ba zai iya sakin adadin abubuwan da ake buƙata na kwayoyin zuwa cikin jini ba, yawancin glucose na cikin jini, jikin kuma zai fara wahala da yunwar makamashi.

A layi daya tare da tarawar glucose a cikin jini, akwai keta duk hanyoyin tafiyar da rayuwa, gami da redox. A game da asalin karancin insulin, akwai keta hadarin mai, yawan ketones a cikin jini da fitsari, da kuma bayyanar sukari a cikin fitsari (glucosuria).

Hanyar haɓakawa ta hanyar tsarin in-insulin-dogara da ilimin alaƙa

A hankali, nau'in cutar ta farko tana ci gaba, lahani na fata da kuma membranes na mucous sun bayyana, manyan jijiyoyi da ƙananan jijiyoyin suna shafar, kuma tsarin juyayi na tsakiya yana wahala.

Abubuwa masu ba da hankali sune:

• cututtukan asali na kwayar cutar ta viral (enteroviruses, ƙwayoyin cuta na numfashi, ƙwayar Coxsackie, rubella);
• raunin inji
• sakamakon damuwa;
• abubuwa masu guba da guba (barasa, nitrates, magunguna, dyes);
• rashin ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki.

Nau'in cuta ta 2 a cikin yara da matasa

Ana samun wadatar yara na zamani da irin wannan ƙwayar cuta irin su ciwon sukari na 2 a cikin yara. Cutar na kara zama babbar matsala ga tsarin kiwon lafiya. A baya an yi imani da cewa hanyar da ba ta da insulin-wadda ke dauke da ita cutar sifa ce kawai ga tsofaffi. A yanzu, yawancin yara da ke dauke da cutar ta farko ta nau'in cuta ta 1 an fara basu fasalin tsarin karatun. Ya juya cewa suna da wata cuta ta nau'in biyu.

Ana samun nau'in dogaro da insulin:

• a wani matashi shekaru a cikin shekaru goma na biyu (matsakaicin shekaru - shekaru 14);
• mafi yawan lokuta a cikin 'yan Afirka,' yan Mexico, Asians;
• 70% na yara marasa lafiya suna da dangi na kusa da ke da cutar guda;
• yawancin yara da matasa suna fama da nauyi mara nauyi;
• 30% na yara suna yin kuskuren ganewar asali saboda bayyanar jikin ketone a cikin jini da fitsari lokacin da suka fara neman taimako;
• a cikin 15% na yara, an riga an ƙaddara ilimin halittar cuta a cikin haɓakar rikice-rikice.

Bambancin ganewar asali na manyan nau'ikan kamuwa da guda biyu da nau'ikan cututtukan ta

Matakan cutar da halayen su

Wannan sashin zai mayar da hankali ne akan nau'in insulin-dogara da ciwon sukari, saboda shine mafi yawan lokuta ana gano shi a yara. Nau'in cuta ta 1 tana da matakai da yawa waɗanda ke biye da juna tare da ci gaban ilimin cuta.

Lokaci na preclinical

Wannan lokacin na iya wucewa daga watanni da dama zuwa shekaru. A wannan karon, alamomin cutar ba ta nan, mutum bai ma shakkar kasancewar cutar ba. Kawai a ƙarshen lokacin aiki daidai a jikin mai haƙuri ana iya ƙaddara kasancewar ƙwayoyin rigakafi zuwa ƙwayoyin beta na isasshen ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, insulin da sauran abubuwan da ke aiki da ƙwayar carbohydrate.

Halarta a karon farko

Gwajin jini don sukari a cikin yaro da al'ada

Nazarin asibiti ya nuna cewa ana iya gano yara mara lafiya koda kuwa babu hoton asibiti game da yanayin cutar. Misali, kashi 70% na yara da matasa da aka bincika suna da mellitus na sukari ba tare da wani korafi game da yanayin lafiyar su ba.

A cikin rukuni ɗaya na yara, alamomin zasu ci gaba cikin sauri, ƙaruwa cikin sauri, a cikin wani - haɓaka a cikin dogon lokaci. An tattauna alamun bayyanar cutar.

M bangare na sakewa

Wannan halin ana nuna shi ta hanyar “bayyanar” alamun bayyanar cutar. Cutar sankarau a cikin yaro yana buƙatar diyya, tunda cikakken magani na zamani bashi da ikon kayar dashi. Akwai ra'ayi cewa mai haƙuri ya shiga cikin lokaci na sakewa yayin da glycosylated haemoglobin bai wuce 7% ba, kuma adadin hodar da ake amfani dashi don maganin insulin ba ta wuce raka'a 0.5 a kilo kilogram na nauyin jiki a rana.

Ikon kula da adadi mafi kyau na glycemia yayin rage adadin maganin maganin alurar ciki yana nuna nasarar biyan diyya

Akwai lokuta idan, yayin maganin insulin, yaro zai iya samun tabbataccen diyya a cikin 'yan watanni daga farkon magani. Ta wani lokaci ne aka soke gudanar da aikin kwayar halittar.

Matsakaicin insulin dogaro da kai

Sauyawa zuwa ga mawuyacin lokaci na haƙuri yana faruwa ne a kan asalin ɓarkewar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, ƙari da haɗarin cututtukan cuta. Yayinda suke girma kuma suka girma, mutum baya iya yin watsi da maganin hormone. Juyin ciki, wanda aka nuna shi ga masu ciwon suga da kuma iya inganta yanayin gaba ɗaya, ba a ba da shawarar ga ƙananan marasa lafiya ba, tunda hanyar tana buƙatar yin amfani da magungunan da ke da illa mai ƙwayar cuta a ƙodan.

Cutar cututtukan cututtukan yara

Hoto na asibiti na "mai daɗin cuta" ya dogara da wane matakin ci gaba ne na ilimin halittar mutum. Cutar sukari ba ta da alamun bayyana; a cikin gwaje-gwaje na dakin gwaje-gwaje, lambobin glycemic suna cikin iyakoki na al'ada. Akwai dalilai masu haɗari don matsawa zuwa mataki na gaba: kasancewar dangi mara lafiya, nauyin haihuwa mai yawa, kiba ta kowane digiri, tagwaye da aka haife su daga iyayen da ke da ciwon sukari.

A latent mataki na cutar ba shi da bayyanar cututtuka, marasa lafiya na iya yi zargin kasancewar wani rashin lafiya. Idan kayi nazarin jini na safe safe daga irin wannan mara lafiya, sakamakon zai iya kasancewa a cikin iyakance ta al'ada, duk da haka, a cikin ranar akwai karaya mai karfi a cikin sukari sama da kasa. Tabbatar da yanayin yana faruwa ta amfani da gwajin haƙuri haƙuri.

Ana gudanar da jarrabawar jariri koyaushe, yana farawa daga lokacin da aka haife shi, wanda zai baka damar gano kasancewar endocrinopathy a cikin lokaci

Bayyanar cutar bayyanar cutar (ciwon sukari) ana nuna shi ta kyakkyawar hoto a cikin yara har zuwa shekara ɗaya, marasa lafiya na shekarun makaranta, matasa. Alamar farko:

• da rarraba fitsari mai yawa;
• m ƙishirwa;
• bushe bakin
• bushewa da itching na fata, yayin jarrabawa, ana iya lura da sikari;
• harshe mai haske, launi iri ɗaya na kunci;
• jarirai galibi suna da kurji na diaper, kumburi da gabobin jiki.

Farkon ganewar asali da kuma lura da yanayin haƙuri

Tabbatar da kasancewar cutar kuma kula da kullun matakin glycemia sune hanyoyin da ake amfani da su. Suna da mahimmanci don bayyana matakan sukari na jini, hana ci gaban yiwuwar rikitarwa mai rikitarwa daga tsarin juyayi na tsakiya, kodan, mai nazarin gani, da rage haɗarin hauhawar jini da hauhawar jini.

Jinin jini

Yi amfani da hanyoyin dakin gwaje-gwaje da yawa:

• shan farin jini daga yatsa;
• gwajin jini na venous;
• hanyar bayyana, da za'ayi a gida (glucometers).

Hanyoyi guda biyu na farko ana aiwatar dasu musamman a cikin yanayin cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya. Dukansu suna kan komai a ciki, suna buƙatar shiri na musamman game da batun (ƙin ci da sha kafin shan kayan, ƙi shan magunguna tare da izinin likita, goge haƙo haƙoranku, amfani da tabo, shan sigari).

Jinin capillary abu ne wanda ya ba ku damar tantance yanayin yanayin jikin jariri

Za'a iya amfani da hanyar ta ƙarshe ko'ina: a wurin aiki, a gida, a asibiti, a jirgin sama, a hutu. Ana amfani da na'urar na musamman. Takaddun gwajin tare da reagents wanda aka sanya wa yankin da aka fito an saka shi a ciki. Ana aiko da digo na jinin mutum a nan, kuma na'urar ta samar da bayanai akan kimantawar alamun alamun glycemia akan allon na'urar.

Fitsari sukari

A matsayinka na mai mulki, glucose a cikin fitsari yana bayyana lokacin da yake cikin jini alamomin sa sun haye ƙofar 10 mmol / L. Rashin kyawun hanyar shine rashin iyawar tasiri na jiyya a cikin kuzari, wato amsawar glycemia ga amfani da wasu ƙwayoyi. Don saka idanu da glucosuria, ana amfani da matakan gwaji wanda ke canza launinsu yayin hulɗa da fitsari dangane da yawan sukari.

Alamar alamun jikin ketone a cikin jini da fitsari

Acetone da ciwon sukari ya bayyana a cikin fitsari a cikin halaye masu zuwa:

• alamomin marasa tsari na monosaccharide a cikin jini;
• mahimmancin karancin insulin;
• kasancewar cututtukan cutuka;
• yanayin ketoacidotic.

Fassara sakamakon (a mmol / l):

• kasa da 0.5 - "burbushi na ketones";
• 0.5-1.5 - "karamin adadin";
• 1,5-4 - "matsakaici matsakaici";
• 4-8 - "matsakaicin adadin";
• sama da 8 - "babban adadin".

Jagorar don rawanin gwajin tana nuna daidaiton launi na sakamako tare da lambobin matakin matakan jikin acetone

Rikodin bayanai

Iyaye na marasa lafiya ko saurayi da kansa dole ne su adana abin da ya rubuta. Wannan ya dace don rakodin duk bayanan da suka danganci alamomin alamomin gida, kasancewar abubuwan haɗakar cuta, aikin jiki da abinci da ake ci cikin yini.

Za a iya samun bayanai kan yadda za a ci gaba da rubuta irin wannan littafin a kann mujallolin a makarantun likitanci na tsarin tarihin endocrinological, makarantar sikandire, da asibitocin da ke kunshe-kunshe.

Ka'idojin jiyya

Tushen taimaka wa yaro mara lafiya, kamar mai ciwon sukari, ya kasance maganin wariyar abinci. Likitocin sun ba da shawarar cikakken nazarin tsarin abincin da aka saba, a fili suke lura da yawan adadin kuzari na yau da kullun, ƙin sukari da abinci tare da carbohydrates mai sauri a cikin abun da ke ciki.

Abincin yakamata ya zama aƙalla sau 6 (tsakanin manyan abinci kuna buƙatar abun ciye-ciye). Abubuwan carbohydrates masu narkewa ana maye gurbinsu da abinci mai ƙoshin fiber da fiber na abin da ake ci. Usearyata farin farar shinkafa, semolina, buhunan alkama na gari, iyakance dankali, karas da aka dafa.

Abincin ga masu ciwon sukari a cikin yara yana ba da fifiko:

• kayan lambu;
• 'ya'yan itace
• hatsi;
• nama mai ɗamara da kifi;
• kayayyakin kiwo.

Mahimmanci! Ya kamata a dafa abinci, stewed, gasa. Wajibi ne a bar mai mai, ɗanɗana, kayayyakin da aka yanko.

Baya ga abinci mai lafiya, kuna buƙatar sarrafawa cewa yaro ya sha isasshen ruwa a ko'ina cikin yini

Harkokin insulin

Abubuwan da ake buƙata don maganin sauyawa a cikin yara da matasa:

• adadin allurar maganin kada ta wuce guda ɗaya 1 a kowace kilo kilogram na nauyi a rana;
• kai tsaye bayan tabbatar da bayyanar cutar - har zuwa BUDE 0.5, daga baya - 0.7-0.8 LATSA;
• kashi na yau da kullun na miyagun ƙwayoyi ya kamata ya zama sau biyu sashi na dare;
• '' Dogon 'insulins ya kamata a haɗe tare da “gajere” injections;
• yanayin decompensated yana buƙatar allurar "gajere" insulin;
• ana amfani da mafita na musamman sosai.

Misalan kwayoyi da ake amfani dasu don maganin insulin:

• Yana nufin ultrashort da gajere aiki - Humalog 100, Humulin Regular 100.
• Gwanayen matsakaitan lokaci - Humulin 100, Protafan 40.
• Magunguna "Dogon" - Detemir, Levemir, Lantus.

Ana aiwatar da aikin insulin ta amfani da sirinji na al'ada, alkalami, almarin insulin. Zaɓaɓɓun tsari da sashi ne aka zaɓa daban-daban daga likitan halartar.

Hasashen

A yanzu, ba a kula da ciwon sukari na 1 irinsa ba, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake daukar nasarar biyan diyya shine babban burin maganin. Rayuwar rayuwar yara mara lafiya ya dogara da yuwuwar a kiyaye adadi na glycemia a cikin iyakokin da aka yarda, da kuma lokacin haɓaka cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki, wanda kan iya haifar da tawaya.

Yaro mara lafiya yakamata yasan cewa bashi bane kamar kowa, idanunsa yakamata ya haskaka da farin ciki (cimma wannan shine aikin iyaye)

Ana batun batun kafa tawaya koda yaushe, amma ba shi da cikakkiyar amsa. A matsayinka na doka, yakamata a kafa rukunin nakasassu don wadancan yaran da suke cikin halin ƙazantar, suna da rikitarwa daga kodan, mai ƙididdigar gani na CNS, wanda baya ƙyale kulawa da kanka, yana buƙatar kasantuwa da taimakon mutanen da basu da izini.

Matakan hanawa

Yin rigakafin ya hada da ayyukan masu zuwa:

• lafiya
• cikakken aiki na jiki;
• yi yaƙi da ƙima sosai;
• binciken likita na shekara-shekara;
• madaidaicin rarraba lokacin don bacci, annashuwa da aiki.

Idan mutumin da ke ƙaddara don haɓaka "cuta mai daɗi" ba ya bin irin waɗannan shawarwari, haɗarin haɓaka cutar yana ƙaruwa sau da yawa, kuma a gaban ƙurar kiba - har sau 10.