Menene glucagon hormone da glucagon miyagun ƙwayoyi

Glucagon yana daya daga cikin yawancin kwayoyin halittar jikinmu. Yana aiki da rai sosai a cikin carbohydrate da sauran nau'ikan metabolism. Godiya ga glucagon, ingantaccen tsari na sukari na jini yana yiwuwa. Yana aiki a cikin kusanci da insulin: lokacin da ya cancanta, ya dakatar da tasirin sa; bayan al'ada na glycemia, akasin haka, yana ta da hankali. Magunguna tare da glucagon hanya ce ta ingantacciyar hanyar bayar da agajin gaggawa, ana amfani dashi don kawar da hypoglycemic precoma da coma.

Glucagon da Metabolism

Cutar koda tana aiki da yawa. Exocrine ya ƙunshi a cikin narkewar ruwan 'ya'yan itace, wanda aka keɓance ta cikin magudanar ruwa zuwa duodenum 12. Ayyukan endocrine shine samarwa da fitarwa kai tsaye zuwa cikin jini na polypeptides da kwayoyin: insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, ghrelin da sauransu. Halin wadannan abubuwan ya kumshi ne a tsibirin Langerhans, ayyukan sun kasu tsakanin nau'ikan sel daban-daban. Glucagon ana samar da shi ta hanyar-a-sel; suna lissafin kusan 20% na adadin sel a cikin tsibiran da ke cikin ƙwayoyin cuta.

Glucagon yana nufin hormones polypeptide, yana shafar kowane nau'in metabolism. Babban aikin glucagon shine magance insulin:

A cikin mutum mai lafiya, glucose na jini baya canzawa sosai, bayan cin shi da sauri ya dawo al'ada. Guaurawar glycemia tsari ne mai rikitarwa, wanda ya haɗa da kwakwalwa, ƙwayar jijiyoyin jiki, tsokoki, jijiyoyin ƙwayar cuta, ƙwayar tsoka da ƙwayar cuta, ƙodan, hanta da sauran gabobin. Sakamakon aikin haɗin gwiwar su, an inganta ingantaccen matakin glucose na metabolism.

Tsarin jiki

Idan sukari na jini ya fadi sakamakon aikin jiki ko kuma rashin abinci, aikin glucagon yana ƙaruwa sosai. Abin da zai faru lokacin da wannan ya faru:

Ciwon sukari da hauhawar jini zai zama abin da ya wuce

• Normalization na sukari -95%
• Cirewa kan jijiyoyin mara wuya - 70%
• Cire zuciyar mai karfin zuciya -90%
• Rabu da cutar hawan jini - 92%
• Increasearuwar kuzarin rana, inganta bacci da dare -97%

1. Glycogen shagunan da aka adana a cikin hanta suna da hannu. Glycogen yana rushewa, ana jefa shi cikin jini a cikin nau'in glucose, glycemia na al'ada. Sakamakon glucagon baya amfani da adibin glycogen a cikin kyallen tsoka.
2. Hankalin yana fara yin aiki da glucose daga pyruvate da sauran abubuwan da basa amfani da su.
3. Yawan amfani da glucose a cikin samar da makamashi yana raguwa.
4. Abubuwan buƙatun makamashi na jiki sun fara gamsuwa saboda ƙoshin mai, yawan haɓakar mai mai yawa a cikin jini yana ƙaruwa. A lokaci guda, jikin ketone, samfuran kitsen mai, suna fara shiga cikin jini.
5. Nan da nan bayan fitowar glucagon, samar da insulin ya hau. Godiya ga maganinsu, an hana hauhawar jini.
6. Tsarin glucagon na hormone yana samar da kunna zuciya, haɓaka ƙarfi da mita na ƙanƙancewar sa. Sakamakon karuwa a cikin matsin lamba, abinci mai gina jiki na duk jikin mutum yana inganta.
7. Sakin catecholamines yana ƙaruwa, fashewar wani tunani yana faruwa. Mutum na iya fuskantar tsoro, haushi. Irin waɗannan bayyanannun alamun bayyanannun suna ba ku damar kula da yanayinku da kawar da hypoglycemia.
8. A cikin babban taro, hormone yana aiki a matsayin maganin antispasmodic: yana kwantar da tsokoki na hanji.

Ana samar da Glucagon a cikin martani ga raguwar kwayar cutar glycemia, karuwar samar da insulin. Glucagon synthesis yana motsa shi ta atomatik tsarin juyayi, don haka samarwarsa ta haɓaka ta hanyar amfani da juyayi tare da amfani da maganin tausayawa.

Babban sukari na jini, wuce haddi na jikin ketone da mai mai a cikin tasoshin jini, kuma matakin somatostatin da ke sama yana kawo cikas ga samar da glucagon.

Amfani da glucagon

A cikin farkon matakan, hypoglycemia ana iya hana shi ta hanyar sarrafawa ta bakin kowane carbohydrates mai saurin narkewa: zuma, sukari, Sweets, ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Idan aka rasa wannan lokacin kuma mai haƙuri ya gaji, akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don ƙara yawan ƙwayar cutar glycemia: ta hanyar gudanar da glucose ko glucagon. Don glucose, ana buƙatar gudanarwa ta wucin gadi, sabili da haka, bai dace ba a matsayin wakili mai sauƙin sauri. Amma glucagon za a iya allurar intramuscularly, kuma tare da wannan hanyar gudanarwa, ya fara aiki bayan minti 5-15.

Tsarin glucagon a cikin dukkan dabbobi masu shayarwa kusan iri ɗaya ne; a cikin mutane, za'a iya yin nasara amfani da hormone dabba. Don dakatar da hypoglycemia, magungunan da aka samo daga shanu ko alade na fata galibi ana amfani da su. Tsarin glucagon sananne ne, sabili da haka, an samar da kayan gwaje-gwaje na kwayoyin ta amfani da hanyoyin aikin injin.

A halin yanzu, ƙwayar glucagon guda ɗaya kawai ke rajista a cikin rajista na miyagun ƙwayoyi na Rasha - GlucaGen HypoKit, kamfanin kamfanin Danish NovoNordisk ya kera shi. Abubuwan da ke aiki a ciki shine glucagon hydrochloride, waɗanda kerarrar ta hanyar hanyoyin dakin gwaje-gwaje, ta amfani da gurɓataccen canji na ƙwayar cuta ta Escherichia coli. Abubuwan da ke aiki suna cikin nau'i na foda, kunsassun a cikin gilashin gilashi.

Kit ɗin ya haɗa da kwalban da 1 mg na glucagon foda, sirinji tare da sauran ƙarfi, shari'ar fensir don dacewa da ɗaukar ƙwayar tare da ku, umarnin. Farashin saiti ya kasance daga 635 zuwa 750 rubles.

Alƙawarin

Babban filin aikace-aikacen miyagun ƙwayoyi shine sauƙaƙewar hypoglycemia a cikin yanayi inda sarrafa magana na glucose ba zai yiwu ba saboda asarar hankali ko halin da bai dace ba. Dalilin rashin lafiyar hypoglycemia na iya zama yawan zubar insulin, wasu magungunan maganin cututtukan cututtukan fata, yunwar, tsawan lokaci.

A cikin wuraren kiwon lafiya, ana amfani da glucagon a matsayin ɗayan kulawa ta gaggawa don guba tare da magungunan zuciya. Hakanan za'a iya amfani dashi a cikin gwajin motsin ciki don zama cikin shakatar muryoyin tsoka.

Aiki

Babban aikin glucagon shine don tattara shagunan glycogen. Hoton da aka gabatar yana fara aiwatar da aikin glycogenolysis, sakamakon wanda glycogen ya rushe a cikin hanta zuwa glucose din phosphorylated. Lokacin farawa na hormone yana dogara ne akan hanyar gudanarwa. Tare da sukarin jini na ciki ya fara girma bayan minti 1, tasirin yana zuwa minti 20. An fi son hanyar gudanarwar wucin gadi idan har ba kwararrun likita bane. Maganin cutar hanji ya fara ƙaruwa bayan mintuna 5. Minti 10 bayan allura, mai haƙuri yawanci yakan sake murmurewa. Matsakaicin tsawon lokacin aiki ya kai minti 40. Tare da gudanarwar subcutaneous, ɗaukar glucagon cikin jini shine mafi jinkirin - daga rabin sa'a.

Magungunan ba shi da inganci ga marasa lafiya da ke gurbata glycogen reserve. Dalilin rashi na glycogen na iya zama mai fama da cutar sankara tare da yawan yawan yawan zubar jini, abinci mai dauke da sinadarin karbo abinci, gajiya, giya, maye, giya na maimaita glucagon. Glycogen na iya zama bai isa tare da karfi da yawa na kwayoyi masu rage sukari.

Dokokin gabatarwar

Glucagon yana buƙatar shirya shi don gudanarwa. Tsarin aiki

1. Mun cire hula daga kwalbar, kuma hula daga allura syringe.
2. Saka allura a cikin murhun roba, sakin dukkan ruwa daga sirinji a cikin murfin.
3. Ba tare da cire allura ba, girgiza murfin na minti ɗaya don narke foda.
4. Muna tattara maganin da aka ƙare a cikin sirinji.
5. Aga sirinji tare da allura sama, sakin iska ta latsa piston.

Za a iya yin allurar a cikin kowace tsoka mai isa, amma mafi kyau a cikin buttock ko cinya. Dangane da umarnin don amfani, ana baiwa tsofaffi mafita gabaɗaya, presan yara na yara da masu nauyin da basu wuce kilo 25 ba - rabin rabin maganin. Da zarar mai ciwon sukari ya sake dawowa, yana buƙatar a ba shi glucose ya sha: maganin kantin magani, shayi mai zaki ko ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Idan babu canje-canje a cikin yanayin mai haƙuri na mintuna 10 ko fiye, yana buƙatar kulawar likita ta gaggawa.

Kariya da aminci

Lokacin gudanar da glucagon, abubuwan da yakamata a yi la’akari dasu:

• Tare da hyperglycemia, glucagon na iya tsananta yanayin mai haƙuri. Kwayar cututtukan cututtukan hyper- da hypoglycemia suna kama, don haka yana da kyau a auna sukari kafin a gudanar da kwayar.
• Mai haƙuri na iya zama rashin lafiyan abubuwan da ke tattare da ƙwayar, ana tantance haɗarin tashin hankalin anaphylactic a matsayin ƙasa kaɗan.
• Ana iya gudanar da hormone a lokacin daukar ciki da HB ba tare da haɗari ga jariri ba.
• Ba za a iya amfani da Glucagon tare da pheochromocytoma, saboda wannan an cika shi tare da karuwa mai ƙarfi.
• Introductionaddamar da miyagun ƙwayoyi na iya zama mara amfani tare da gudanar da maganin oral na indomethacin. A cikin halayen da ba kasafai ba, cututtukan jini suna ta karuwa sosai.
• Kwayar ta kara inganta aikin maganin cututtukan dabbobi.

Bayan gudanar da glucagon, bugun zuciya na iya ƙaruwa, matsin lamba na iya ƙaruwa, tachycardia na ɗan lokaci na iya faruwa, kuma tashin zuciya na iya bayyana. Lokacin shan beta-blockers, waɗannan alamu galibi sun fi bayyana.