Cutar sankarau cuta cuta ce ta kowa da ke addabar endocrine.
Cutar na canza yanayin rayuwar mutum da mummunan tasiri, hakan yana haifar da sakamako masu yawa.
Menene rikice-rikice na ciwon sukari, dalilin da yasa suke haɓaka, yadda za'a magance su, labarin zai faɗi.
Pathophysiology na ciwon sukari
Tsarin cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta yana farawa tare da gaskiyar cewa rashin insulin yana haifar da raguwa a cikin ƙwarewar ƙwayoyin sel zuwa wannan hormone da hyperglycemia.
Ana lura da mafi girman taro na glucose bayan cin abinci. A matakin sukari sama da 10 mmol / L, glucosuria yana faruwa, kuma ƙwayar osmotic na fitsari tayi ƙasa.
Kodan na rage jinkirin sake dawo da ruwa da wutan lantarki. Yawan fitsari a kullum ya kai lita 3-7. A sakamakon haka, bushewar yakan faru. Idan babu insulin, ana lura da yawan kiba da sunadarai, wadanda suke zama tushen kuzari ga sel.
Jiki ya rasa amino acid da nitrogen, ya tara ketones. Abubuwa na ƙarshen suna taka rawa sosai a cikin ilimin ilimin halittar mutum na cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta: cire acetoacetic da p-hydroxybutyric acid yana haifar da raguwa a cikin abubuwan ciko, ketoacidosis, da kuma raguwar ajiyar alkaline.
Rarraba yiwuwar rikice-rikice na ciwon sukari
Duk rikitarwa na ciwon sukari an rarrabe shi cikin m da na kullum.
Sakamakon farko (m) na cutar
Faruwar rikice-rikice na haifar da barazana ga rayuwa. Waɗannan sun haɗa da hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, coma, ketoacidosis. Mafi sau da yawa, marasa lafiya suna haɗuwa da yanayin biyu na farko.
Ketoacidosis
Ketoacidosis shine mafi rikicewar rikice-rikice wanda yakan haifar da mutuwa.Yawancin lokaci ana samun su a tsakanin nau'in masu ciwon sukari na 1.
Hanyar haɓaka shine kamar haka: saboda karancin insulin, ƙwayoyin suna rasa ikon aiwatar da glucose daga abinci zuwa makamashi. Jiki yana fara karɓar makamashi daga adon mai, lokacin da ya karye, ana ƙirƙiri sassan ketone.
Kodan bazai iya sarrafa ketones da yawa ba. Sannan ruwan acid din ya karu.
Hypoglycemia
An kwatanta shi da faɗuwa a matakin glycemia a ƙasa na al'ada. Sau da yawa yakan faru ne a cikin marasa lafiyar marasa amfani da insulin.
Haske ne, wanda yake isa ya sha ruwan zaki, mai nauyi, mai buƙatar glucose mai narkewa a ciki.
Babban dalilin ci gaban hypoglycemia shine wuce haddi na insulin plasma dangane da adadin carbohydrates da aka karba tare da abinci.
Hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia wani rikitarwa ne wanda ake nuna shi ta hanyar haɗuwar glucose na plasma sama da al'ada.
Sanadin cututtukan hyperglycemia sune:
- kasancewar kamuwa da kwayar cuta ta kwayar halitta wanda a ke sa ake yin magana mai ma'ana;
- rashin motsa jiki;
- cin zarafin kiba mai yawa da abinci mai mai yawa;
- rashin cika allurar insulin ko makara ta rage taurin suga.
- danniya
- cututtuka na gabobin somal.
Cutar masu ciwon sukari
Wannan yanayi ne mai matukar hatsari ga masu ciwon sukari wanda a jikin sa yake lalata hanyoyin tafiyar da rayuwa. Yana faruwa saboda ƙaruwa mai ƙarfi ko raguwa a cikin haɗuwar glucose. Halin halayen marasa lafiya ne na cututtukan farko da na biyu.
Cutar sankarau ta faru:
- hypersmolar. Yana tasowa saboda ƙaruwa mai ƙarfi a cikin glucose na jini a lokacin bushewar fata;
- ketoacidotic. An kwatanta shi da tara ƙwayoyin ketones a jiki;
- hypoglycemic. Ya zo ne sakamakon raguwar sukari a cikin magudanar jini;
- lactic acidemia. Yana ci gaba ta fuskar cigaban cuta a cikin hanta, zuciya da huhu.
Menene sakamakon marigayi (na kullum)?
Rikice-rikice na yau da kullum na ciwon sukari yana haɓaka a cikin shekaru 10 bayan bayyanar cututtuka na rushewar endocrine. An wakilce su ta hanyar lalacewar tasoshin jini, kodan, hanta, idanu, kwakwalwa. Sakamakon na iya faruwa ɗaya ko haɗa ɗaya.
Retinopathy da cataract (gami da zonular)
Ana fahimtar retinopathy a matsayin lalacewar akan tantanin ido.
Saboda karancin jini, yalwataccen tsari mai narkewa a cikin kayan gani.
A cikin maganganun ci gaba, akwai basur a cikin jiki na vitreous, retine detachment.
Cutar cataract wani mummunan yanayin ciwo ne na yau da kullun. An kwatanta shi da girgije da auna rage ruwan tabarau. A cikin masu ciwon sukari, yawanci yakan faru ne, wanda girgijewar wasu sassan tsakiya ke faruwa.
Macro da microvascular angiopathy
An fahinci rashin lafiyar Angiopathy a matsayin babbar jijiya da jijiya.. Ana lura dashi a cikin masu ciwon sukari tare da ƙwarewar shekaru 10-15. Ana rarrabe rikici a cikin macro- da microvascular. A cikin yanayin farko, ana shafar tasoshin matsakaici da babba, a cikin na biyu - capillaries, venules da arterioles.
Rashin jin daɗin jijiyoyin jijiyoyin ƙananan ƙarshen
Polyneuropathy na ƙananan ƙarshen
Polyneuropathy cuta ne wanda ya shafi abin damuwa na farji, damuwa, fuska, sciatic da jijiyoyin oculomotor.
Yana faruwa saboda karancin isashshen jini ga jijiyoyin jijiyoyi. Kwayar cutar ta haɗa da asarar ji, ciwo mai zafi, da ƙonewa a wuraren da abin ya shafa. Ulcers, foci na necrosis zai iya kafawa a kafafu.
Kafar ciwon sukari
Footafarin ciwon sukari wata matsala ce wacce ake kamantawa da lalacewar fata, ƙanana da tsokoki, gidajen abinci, kasusuwa, jijiyoyin kafafu
A cikin marasa lafiya, yatsunsu sun lalace, hankali ya ɓace, rauni ya tashi akan fatar. Tare da ci gaba na gaba, gangrene na faruwa.
Kwayar cuta
Nephropathy raunin koda ne wanda ke haifar da nakasa. Ana samun furotin da abubuwan jini a cikin fitsari, hawan jini ya tashi, wanda baya tafiya da lafiya. Sakamakon haka, rashin lafiyar anuria da gazawar haɓaka. Halin yana da m kuma yana buƙatar maganin hemodialysis.
Cututtukan cututtukan jijiyoyi
Wannan shine farkon rikicewar rikice-rikice wanda ke bayyana a cikin masu ciwon sukari. Dukkanin sassan jikin mai juyayi sun shafi: autonomic da na gefe, kwakwalwa da igiyar kashin baya.
Encephalopathy ana nuna shi ta hanyar raguwa a cikin taro, ƙarfin aiki, sauye sauye yanayi da rauni na tsoka.
Za a iya samun paroxysms na cin gashin kai, yi rauni. Tare da ci gaba, ƙirar pyramidal insufficiency, rikicewar vestibular, hallucinations, paralisis an kara.
Statisticsididdigar abin da ya faru
Yawancin nau'in 1 da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 a cikin ƙasashe ya bambanta daga 1 zuwa 6%.A yau, ana gano cutar a cikin mutane miliyan 60 a duk duniya.
6-10% ana ƙara kowace shekara zuwa jimlar yawan marasa lafiya. Rashin daidaituwa game da rikice-rikice na endocrine yana haifar da nakasa da farkon mutuwa.
A cikin marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari, cututtukan zuciya suna faruwa sau 3, gangrene na ƙarshen - 20, makanta - sau 10 sau da yawa fiye da mutane masu lafiya.
Gwajin asali da kuma hanyoyin bincike
Don bincika rikice-rikice na ciwon sukari mellitus, ana amfani da hanyoyin dakin gwaje-gwaje da hanyoyin kayan aiki.
Ba tare da gazawa ba, ana wajabta wa mutum cikakken bincike game da fitsari da jini, an ƙaddara matakin plasma glycemia.
Don ware retinopathy da cataracts, ana nazarin asusun jari-hujja da cornea. Don hana ischemia na zuciya, ana yin electrocardiogram. Ana gano cututtukan fitsari ta amfani da cikakken binciken fitsari.
Jiyya
Don bi da sakamako na ciwon sukari, ana amfani da magungunan hypoglycemic, ana amfani da maganin insulin. Don saurin warkarwa mai sauri, ana bada shawara don bin abinci. A wasu halaye, ana nuna aikin tiyata.
Harkokin insulin da magunguna na hypoglycemic
A cikin lura da rikitarwa, babban aikin shi ne maido da mafi kyawun matakin glucose.
Daga nan ne aka fara karatun ta tahanyar haihuwa, bayyanuwar zai zama kasa bayyana. Kula da sukari ya dogara da abinci mai gina jiki, matakan lipid, nauyi.
Ana kula da ciwon sukari na 1 na musamman tare da allurar insulin. Wannan tiyata gaba daya yana maye gurbin samar da kwayoyin halittar ta hanji. Tare da pathology na nau'in na biyu, ana amfani da allunan saukar da sukari. Wasu lokuta ana ƙara allurar insulin a cikin ƙananan allurai.
Abincin far
An zaɓi abincin abincin kowane mai haƙuri daban-daban. Yi la'akari da aikin jiki, shekaru, nauyi.
Manufar maganin abinci shine a kiyaye sukari, cholesterol da mai a cikin iyakoki na yau da kullun.
Ya kamata bambancin abinci mai gina jiki ya ƙunshi adadin bitamin, salts ma'adinai, fiber da furotin.
Waɗanne matsaloli ne ke buƙatar kulawa da tiyata?
Ana gudanar da ayyukan a:
- kasancewar cututtukan kafafu da barawo, wanda hakan na iya tayar da jijiyoyin jini da mutuwa;
- cututtukan asali na koda (babban abokan cinikin likitocin da ke yin jujjuya ƙwayoyin koda sune nau'in 1 da masu ciwon sukari 2);
- matsalolin ido
- hargitsi a cikin aikin zuciya.
Yin rigakafin Cutar Malaria
Hanya daya tilo da za a iya hana hakan ita ce rama hanzarin glucose metabolism da kyau. Mafi kusancin sukarin jini zuwa ga al'ada, daga baya mutumin zai fuskanci sakamakon cutar endocrine.
Dietarancin abincin carb da aiki na jiki suna ba da damar rage buƙatar insulin da inganta kiwon lafiya..
Ya kamata mai haƙuri ya kiyaye nauyi a cikin iyakokin al'ada. Don dalilai na hanawa, ana kuma buƙatar ɗaukar gwajin jini da fitsari akai-akai, da kuma yin gwaje-gwaje ta ƙwararren masanin ilimin halittar jini.
Bidiyo masu alaƙa
Matsaloli da ka iya faruwa kuma masu saurin kamuwa da ciwon suga:
Ciwon sukari mellitus ya ƙunshi sakamako mara kyau da yawa. Don hana haɓaka haɓaka, ana bada shawara don bin umarnin babban endocrinologist. Rashin rikice-rikice suna buƙatar kulawa da su a kan kari.
