Lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da ƙimar matsin lamba na systolic (fiye da 140 mmHg), kuma matsa lamba na diastolic al'ada ne ko kuma an ɗan rage shi (ƙasa da 90 mmHg), ana yin bincike game da hauhawar tashin hankali na systolic. Sau da yawa ana iya samun karuwa a cikin zuciya.
Don daidaita yanayin systolic nuna alama da hana haɓaka sakamakon sakamako, an tsara magunguna na ƙungiyoyi daban-daban (sartans, beta-blockers, da dai sauransu), kazalika da abinci na musamman da aikin jiki. Tare da kulawar lokaci, tsinkayen abu ne mai kyau.
Sanadin cutar
Idan da farko an yi imani da cewa hauhawar jini wata jijiya ce a cikin tsofaffi, yanzu tana tasowa a kowane zamani. Ko ta yaya, babban abin da ke haifar da hauhawar hauhawar jini (BP) shi ne canje-canje da suka shafi shekaru.
A cikin tsofaffi, ana lura da raguwa a cikin jijiyoyin bugun gini saboda ɗibar ƙwayar cuta, glycosaminoglycans, elastin da alli akan bangon su. Sakamakon haka, jijiyoyin jini suna dakatar da amsawa ga canje-canje a cikin karfin jini.
Hakanan shekaruna yana tasiri kan lalacewar aikin zuciya, kodan da jijiyoyin jini. Saboda haka matsaloli suna tasowa kamar raguwa a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar adreno-barroreceptors, raguwa akan fitowar zuciya, da kuma barkewar tsarin jijiyoyin jini da haɓakar jini na koda.
An fara daga shekara 50, yawan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta atria yana ƙaruwa, ƙwararrun ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta na yara, ƙarancinsu yana raguwa, kuma akwai ƙarancin samar da abubuwan shakatawa na endothelium.
Haɓakar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar jijiya systolic (ICD-10 ISAG) ita ma ta shafi yanayin gado.
Cutar ta ci gaba ta hanyoyi biyu - na farko da sakandare. Tsarin farko yana da alaƙa da cututtukan cuta waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga bayyanuwar hauhawar jini. Tsarin ISAG na biyu shine bayyanar da karuwa a cikin zuciya. Bugu da kari, za'a iya kara wadatar bawul din, rashin karfin jini, matsalar toshewa, da sauransu.
Baya ga canje-canjen da suka danganci shekaru da abubuwan gado, dalilan ISAH sun hada da:
- Rashin damuwa na yau da kullun da yawan wuce gona da iri shine tsokaci na cututtukan cututtukan mutane a cikin mutane.
- Rayayyen yanayin aiki wanda jiragen ruwa basa karbar kayan da suka wajaba, hakan zai haifar da tsawan lokaci.
- Abincin da bai daidaita ba: amfani da gishiri, mai mai kyau ko abinci mai soyayyen ya shafi tsarin zuciya.
- Kasancewar wasu cututtukan da ke shafar yanayin jijiyoyin jini, alal misali, cututtukan sukari, ƙonewar koda, da dai sauransu.
- Rashin yanayin yanayin yanayin muhalli da shan sigari, wanda hakan ke haifar da illa ga yanayin tasoshin jini.
- Rashin ma'adinai a cikin jiki kamar magnesium, wanda ke hana thrombosis, da potassium, wanda ke kawar da adadin gishiri da yawa kuma yana motsawa.
Sanadin cutar na iya zama kiba, wanda jiragen ruwa zasu fara aiki tukuru, da sauri suka gaji.
Bayyanarwar farko ta ISAG
Bayyanar cututtukan jijiyoyin zuciya, na koda da na cuta na hanji galibi suna haɗuwa da alamun cutar. A lokaci guda, hauhawar jini yana haifar da rikice-rikice daban-daban na jijiyoyin jini da zuciya, a wasu yanayi yana haifar da mummunan sakamako. Kwakwalwar tsoka alama ce ta yanayin nazarin halittar jijiyoyin jiki.
A mafi yawan halayen, hoton asibiti na Patho a cikin tsofaffi kusan asymptomatic ne. Duk da cewa mara lafiya ba shi da koke-koke, ana gano abin da ya saɓa wa aikin zuciya, kodan da kwakwalwa.
Tare da doguwar hanyar ISAG, ana lura da rikice-rikice na tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. Waɗannan sun haɗa da rashin zuciya, bugun jini da bugun zuciya. Abubuwa masu rikitarwa na kwayar cuta ma suna tasowa, wanda galibi yake bayyana ta gout. Wadannan cututtukan wasu lokuta suna faruwa ne akan asalin karuwa a cikin juriya na gaba ɗaya don jigilar jini.
A aikace, akwai kuma cututtukan saboda karuwar ƙwayar jijiya, hauƙar farin jini, abin da ake kira tsoron likita, da kuma nau'in orthostatic na ISAG sakamakon sakamakon rauni na kai.
Duk da asirin hanyar cutar, wasu marasa lafiya sun lura da alamun alamun halayen ISAG:
- zafi da amo a kai tare da hawan jini;
- rauni da tawaya;
- tsananin farin ciki da zafi a cikin zuciya.
A cikin mafi yawan lokuta masu rikitarwa, ana lura da rikice-rikice na daidaituwa, lalacewar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da aiki na kayan gani. Kwayar cutar ISAH na iya taɓarɓuwa tare da ƙaruwa sosai a matakan hawan jini sama da 50%. Wannan yanayin ana kiransa rikicin hauhawar jini.
An tabbatar da shi a kimiyance cewa kowane tsofaffi mai raunin hawan jini (wanda ya wuce shekaru 50) yana shan wahala daga hawan jini, wanda ana lura dashi musamman da dare. Hakanan, hawan jini na iya tashi sosai da safe. Don haka, ma'aunin yau da kullun na karfin jini shine larura a cikin bincike da lura da ISAG.
Wasu marubutan sun rarrabu marasa lafiya na ISAH dangane da kasancewar alamu da tsananin rauni cikin nau'ikan da yawa:
- Rashin hauhawar jini - fiye da 140 mmHg ...
- Haske mai hauhawar jini - kewayon daga 140 zuwa 159 mmHg
- Matsakaici mai hauhawar jini - fiye da 160 mmHg
Lokacin da mutum ya lura da ciwon kai na yau da kullun, karuwar hawan jini, farin ciki da sauran alamu, kar a jinkirta zuwa wurin likita.
Wannan na iya nuna ci gaban ISAG da rikitarwarsa.
Siffofin cutar a cikin matasa da tsofaffi
Tambayar abin da ya faru na ISAH a cikin manya da tsofaffi ya kasance a bude yake. Nazarin Amurkawa sun yi iƙirarin cewa matasa da 'yan mata da ke fama da ISAG suna da babbar dama ta bunkasar cututtukan zuciya da sauransu, mutanen da ba su kai shekara 34 ba sun halarci wannan gwajin. Sakamakon haka, an ƙaddara cewa binciken yana hade da abubuwan da ba su da kyau kamar shan sigari, ƙwayar jiki mai yawa da kuma cholesterol.
A lokacin karami, tare da tsayayyen karfin jini, likitoci sun ba da shawarar cewa marasa lafiya su daidaita salon rayuwarsu. Cikakken abinci, kawar da yawan abinci mai gishiri da mai mai yawa, da kuma ayyukan motsa jiki na yau da kullun sun zama mabuɗin don hana cutar cututtukan zuciya.
Binciko da kuma maganin rashin karfin tashin hankali na systolic a cikin tsofaffi marasa lafiya suna da wasu fasali. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa a cikin tsufan tsufa ɗaukacin tarin wasu cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtuka suna haɗuwa da yawa. Aikin likita shine don tsara ingantaccen magani ga irin wannan mara lafiyar wanda ba zai tsoma baki tare da sauran magunguna ba game da cututtukan haɗin gwiwa.
Idan tsofaffi, ban da ISAG, yana fama da asarar ƙwaƙwalwar ajali na ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma yana da wahalar mayar da hankali, ya kamata a gudanar da maganin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa a ƙarƙashin kulawar iyalinsa.
Wani lokacin hauhawar jini bayan haihuwa yana faruwa, i.e. raguwar hauhawar jini yayin da dattijo ya tashi daga wurin zama. Wannan sabon abu yana faruwa a kusan 10% na tsofaffi marasa lafiya. Hanyoyin bincike na musamman kawai zasu iya rarrabe cututtukan jini daga ISAG.
Kula da lokaci tare da kwayoyi, abinci na musamman da aikin motsa jiki zai taimaka wajen kiyaye alamun matsin lamba tsakanin iyakoki na al'ada da hana haɓaka sakamakon sakamako a cikin matasa da manya.
Hanyoyi don gano cutar cututtukan cututtukan cuta
Da farko, an tattara anamnesis: likitan ya koya daga mai haƙuri abin da gunaguni yake da alaƙa, da cututtukan da yake fama da su, abubuwan da zasu iya shafar ci gaban ISAG (shan sigari, ƙwayoyin cuta, salon rayuwa, da sauransu).
Sannan likita ya gudanar da binciken kasafin kudi, i.e. yana sauraron zuciya tare da murfin phonendoscope. Irin waɗannan jan kafa suna taimakawa gano canje-canje a cikin sautunan zuciya da kasancewar amo.
Babban mahimman hanyoyin bincike da dakin gwaje-gwaje na ISAG sune:
- electrocardiogram;
- nazarin halittu;
- dopplerography;
- nazarin halittu.
An tsara allurar electrocardiogram (ECG) don tantance yiwuwar rikitarwar zuciya. Wannan hanyar ganewar asali kuma tana taimakawa wajen gano hauhawar jini ta bango LV, yana nuna hauhawar jini.
Don tabbatar da bayyanar cutar, ana yin aikin echocardiography sau da yawa. Irin wannan binciken yana da mahimmanci don gano lahani a cikin zuciya, yanayin ƙwayoyin zuciyar da canje-canje a cikin karsashin ganuwar zuciya.
Wani lokacin likita na iya yin allurar rubutu, wanda ke nuna yanayin jijiyoyin jiki da jijiyoyin jiki. Da farko dai, ana tantance carotid da jijiyoyin wuya, waɗanda galibi sun lalace tare da ISAG.
Don sanin nau'in cutar, ana yin gwajin jini na ƙwayoyin cuta (LHC). Tare da taimakonsa, an tantance matakin cholesterol da glucose a cikin jini.
Ka'idojin ISAG jiyya
Lokacin tabbatar da ganewar asali, likitan ya tsara magungunan antihypertensive kamar su maganin antioxists, beta-blockers, sartans da ACE inhibitors. Magungunan da aka zaɓa da kyau za su taimaka ci gaba da zubar jini a 140/90 mm Hg.
Zabi wani magani, likita yayi la'akari da shekaru da aikin jiki na mai haƙuri. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman ga tsufa.
A cikin jiyya da rigakafin ISAG, an ba da shawarar yin amfani da magungunan antihypertensive na farko. Ko da tare da tsawaita amfani da irin waɗannan magunguna, tara ruwa, lalata CNS da tashin hankali na rayuwa ba su faruwa ba. Waɗannan sun haɗa da rukuni na magungunan masu zuwa:
- ACE inhibitors - Captopril, Enapril, Ramipril;
- thiazide diuretics (diuretics) - Hypothiazide;
- beta-blockers - Metoprolil, Atenolol, Pindolol;
- masu maganin karafa - Nifedipine, Isradipine, Amlodipine.
Sashi na kwayoyi an kaddara sosai da likita. Yayin rana, kuna buƙatar sarrafa alamun hawan jini. Ba a aiwatar da ma'aunin a kan komai a ciki kuma yayin da yake tsaye. A farkon maganin ISAG, ya zama dole a hankali rage karfin jini don kada a cutar da kodan kuma kar a tsokani cigaban cutar sankarau.
Tsofaffi marasa lafiya sune mafi yawan lokuta ana rubuta thiazide diuretics, kamar yadda suna rage girman plasma, haɓaka tasirin jijiyoyi da taimakawa rage bugun zuciya.
Inganci tasirin allurar tashar alli yana da alaƙa da raguwar hauhawar jini da kuma samarda aikin rigakafin atherosclerotic. Hakanan, masu adawa da alli suna da irin wannan kaddarorin:
- farantin platelet (mannewa ga wasu saman);
- toshewar hyperplasia (faɗaɗa nama) na jijiyoyin jini;
- yaduwar hankali da ƙwayar tsoka mai santsi;
- gaban antiplatelet da tasirin antioxidant;
- tsari na endothelial samuwar;
- iyawar macrophages don kama estrogen cholesterol.
Tare da infarction na myocardial da ischemia a kan ISAG, ana amfani da beta-blockers. Kulawa ta amfani da irin waɗannan wakilai yakamata a kula da ECG da ƙimar zuciya.
Yin rigakafin ISAG
Yin rigakafi da magani na cutar ya kamata a daidaita don daidaita yanayin rayuwar yau da kullun. An yi niyya ne don riƙe abinci mai kyau da kuma motsa jiki matsakaici.
M kayayyakin, soyayyen abinci, Sweets, fats dabba, barasa, carbonated yanã shã, shan taba, pickled da kuma kyafaffen abinci da mummunan cutar da jihar jini.
Adadin gishirin gishiri shine gram 5 kowace rana.
Don hana ci gaban ISAG, yana da mahimmanci don wadatar da abinci tare da irin waɗannan samfuran:
- m kayayyakin gari;
- nama da abinci da kifi;
- kifayen kayan lambu;
- low broff broths;
- ƙananan kayan kiwo;
- raw kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa;
- duhu cakulan a matsakaici;
- hatsi daban-daban;
- koren shayi, compotes da uzvari.
Ya kamata abincin ya zama na juzu'i, ya zama dole a ɗauki abinci sau 5-6 a rana. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a sha ruwan laƙabi na akalla lita 1.5 a rana. Wani lokaci zaku iya biyan gilashin jan giya mai bushe, amma babu ƙari.
Kuna buƙatar sanya shi doka don yin tafiya a waje kowace rana. Motsa jiki yana ƙarfafa tsarin zuciya. Wannan na iya zama jogging, iyo, yoga ga masu ciwon sukari, Pilates, rawa, wasanni, da sauransu.
Yana da kyau a mai da hankali sosai ga matsalolin yau da kullun, saboda damuwa na yau da kullun hanya ce ta kai tsaye zuwa zuciya da sauran cututtuka.
An bayyana zubar hawan jini na ƙwayar cuta a cikin bidiyo a wannan labarin.
