Ciwon sukari mellitus yana nufin cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan daji waɗanda ke shafar dukkanin gabobin. Hanyar asali na haɓaka yana haɗuwa da rashi na insulin na hormone, wanda ke da alhakin amfani da glucose ta sel. Sakamakon haka, akwai rashin daidaituwa a cikin metabolism, matakin glucose a cikin jini ya hau. Maganin cutar sankarar mellitus na narkewa zuwa sauyawa na kwaya ta tsawon rayuwa.
An samar da dukkanin layi na wucin gadi. Ofayansu shi ne Protafan. Umarni game da amfani ya ƙunshi cikakkun bayanai da suka wajaba don amfanin mai amfani da wannan magani mai mahimmanci.
Abun ciki da nau'i na saki
Abubuwan da ke aiki shine insulin ɗan adam, wanda ke tattare da fasahar injiniyan kwayoyin. Akwai shi da yawa sashi siffofin:
- "Protafan NM": wannan dakatarwa ce a cikin vials, kowane 10 ml, insulin taro na 100 IU / ml. Kunshin ya ƙunshi kwalban 1.
- "Protafan NM Penfill": katukanda ke dauke da 3 ml (100 IU / ml) kowannensu. A cikin ɗayan lamba guda daya - katako guda 5, a cikin kunshin - 1 blister.
Mahalarta: ruwa don allura, glycerin (glycerol), phenol, sodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, sulfate protamine, metacresol, sodium hydroxide da / ko hydrochloric acid (don daidaita pH), zinc chloride.
Aikin magunguna
"Protafan" yana nufin magungunan hypoglycemic na matsakaici. Babban mahimmancin shine tabbatar da shigar shigar da glucose ta cikin membrane tantanin halitta.
Additionallyarin yana ƙaddamar da samfuran masu zuwa:
- Yana kunna adadin enzymes masu mahimmanci don rayuwa - glycogen synthetase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, hexokinase;
- Blocks adipose nama lipase da lipoprotein lipase;
- Imarfafa phosphorylation na ƙwayoyin salula.
Sakamakon haka, ba kawai hanyar wucewar glucose cikin tantanin halitta yana inganta ba, har ma da amfanirsa da samuwar glycogen. Ari ga haka, an ƙaddamar da tsarin ƙwayoyin lafiyar salula.
Ciplesa'idojin yin amfani da Protafan
Ana amfani da maganin don kowane nau'in ciwon sukari. A nau'in I, ana fara magani kai tsaye tare da shi; a cikin nau'in II, ana nuna Protafan a cikin maganganun rashin ƙarfi na abubuwan da suka haifar na sulfonylurea, lokacin daukar ciki, lokacin da bayan aiwatarwa, a gaban cututtukan haɗin gwiwa da ke rikita yanayin ciwon sukari.
Clinical Pharmacology
An fara aikin aikin 1.5 hours bayan subcutaneous management. Ingantaccen aiki - bayan awoyi 4-12. Matsakaicin tsawon aiki shine awoyi 24.
Wannan Pharmakinetics ya bayyana babban ka'idodin amfani da "Protafan":
- Mellitus-insulin-da ke fama da ciwon sukari - a matsayin kayan aiki na asali a haɗe tare da insulins-gajere.
- Rashin ciwon sukari-insulin-dogara da ciwon sukari mellitus - duka monotherapy tare da wannan wakili da haɗuwa tare da kwayoyi masu saurin aiki an yarda.
Idan ana amfani da magani azaman magani na mono, ana saka farashi kafin abinci. A cikin amfani na asali, ana gudanar da su sau ɗaya a rana (safe ko maraice).
Hanyar aikace-aikace
Magungunan yana allurar fata. Matsayi na gargajiya shine yankin hip. An yarda da allura a cikin yankin bango na ciki, gindi, da tsoka a cikin hannu. Ya kamata a sauya wurin allurar don hana ci gaban lipodystrophy. Wajibi ne a cire fatar fatar don hana ci gaba cikin insulin.
Hanyar amfani da alkairin sirinji don insulin "Protafan"
Gudanar da kai na dogon lokaci na siffofin allura yana buƙatar sauƙaƙe wannan hanyar gwargwadon iko. Don wannan dalili, an ƙirƙiri alkalami mai sikirin, wanda ya wadatar da katako na Protafana.
Kowane mai haƙuri da ciwon sukari ya kamata ya san umarnin don amfani ta zuciya:
- Kafin a cika kicin ɗin, duba marufin don tabbatar da cewa matakin daidai ne.
- Tabbatar bincika katun da kansa: idan akwai wani lahani a cikin shi ko an gano sarari tsakanin farin tef ɗin da pistin na roba, to ba a amfani da wannan fakitin.
- Ana kula da ƙwayar roba tare da mai maganin maye ta amfani da swab na auduga.
- Kafin shigar da katun, an tsabtace tsarin. Don yin wannan, canza wuri saboda ƙwallon gilashi a ciki ya motsa daga wannan ƙarshen zuwa wancan akalla aƙalla 20. Bayan wannan, ya kamata ruwan ya zama mai ɗaukar hoto.
- Kawai waɗancan katunan da ke ɗauke da aƙalla raka'a insulin guda 12 suna buƙatar haɗawa bisa ga hanyar da aka bayyana a sama. Wannan shine mafi ƙarancin adadin don cika cikin alkalami mai siɓa.
- Bayan an saka shi a karkashin fata, allura ya kamata ya kasance a ciki na akalla a kalla 6 seconds. A wannan yanayin kawai za'a shigar da kashi gaba daya.
- Bayan kowace allura, an cire allura daga sirinji. Wannan yana hana yaduwar ruwan da ba'a sarrafa shi ba, yana haifar da canji a cikin ragowar sashi.
Duk abubuwan da ke sama suna nuna haɗarin canje-canje a cikin taro na insulin a cikin ƙwayoyi ko kuma rashin daidaituwarsa, wanda zai haifar da rashin tasiri da illa mai illa.
Kashi
Kowane haƙuri tare da ciwon sukari yana da nasu sashi da mita na gudanar da insulin. An ƙididdige shi ta hanyar endocrinologist daban-daban, gwargwadon matakin glucose na ƙasa da kuma samar da ƙwayar kansa.
Rashin kula da hankali ga magunguna da shawarwarin likita yana haifar da ci gaba da rikice-rikice mai zurfi na maganin insulin: hypo- ko hyperglycemic coma, wanda zai haifar da mutuwar mai haƙuri.
Babban ka'idodi don zaɓin kashi na "Protafan":
- Ya kamata miyagun ƙwayoyi su samar da buƙatun ilimin halittar jiki don hormone, wanda shine 0.3-1 IU / kg / rana.
- Kasancewar juriya insulin yana buƙatar haɓakawa a cikin ainihin buƙata, don haka ya zama maganin. Ana lura da wannan lokacin balaga ko cikin marasa lafiya da kiba.
- Idan mara lafiyar yana riƙe da sauran aikin nasa insulin, to sai an daidaita matakin zuwa ƙasa.
- Cutar cututtukan hanta da hanta suma suna rage buƙatar jiki ga insulin.
- Takaddun ma'aunin daidai daidai ne matakin glucose a cikin jini. Wannan yana buƙatar saka idanu akan wannan kullun.
Yarda da duk shawarwari don gabatarwar "Protafan" yana haifar da kwantar da hankula da ƙwayar metabolism kuma yana da matuƙar dakatar da bayyanar cututtukan ƙwayar cuta.
M halayen
Yawancin halayen da ba a sani ba bayan amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi suna faruwa ne saboda aikin insulin ya saba da tsarin sashi. Mafi haɗari a cikinsu shine yanayin rashin lafiyar. Ya taso sakamakon gabatarwar irin wannan adadin insulin wanda ya zarce buƙatarta.
Sakamakon haka, haɗuwar glucose a cikin jini yana raguwa sosai, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa yana fara fuskantar rashi makamashi, mutum ya rasa hankali. Idan babu taimakon gaggawa, kwaro da mutuwa suna haɓaka.
Sauran halayen da ba su da haɗari ba su da haɗari kuma ana danganta su da mummunan tasirin abubuwan da ke cikin miyagun ƙwayoyi. Wadannan sun hada da:
- Allergic halayen. Daga m amya da rashes zuwa na kowa dauki: rashes a ko'ina cikin jiki, kumburi da kyallen takarda, shortness na numfashi, tachycardia, itching mai tsanani, sweating. A cikin mafi yawan lokuta mawuyacin hali - suma da asarar hankali.
- Kwayoyin cutar sankarau. Cutar cututtukan ƙwayar cuta ta mahaifa yana tattare da alamu iri-iri: lalacewar tsarin juyayi mai cin gashin kansa, ƙarancin ji da damuwa a cikin gabobin, paresthesia.
- Daga gefen gabar hangen nesa. Da wuya, kuskuren tunani na faruwa, wanda yawanci yakan tafi bayan ɗan lokaci. A matakin farko na farawa, karin yawan cututtukan mahaifa na iya faruwa.
- Fata da ƙananan nama. Tare da gudanar da aikin insulin na tsawon lokaci a wuri guda, lipodystrophy yana haɓaka.
- Ayyukan gida. Ta faru a cikin yankin na magani magani: redness, kumburi da kyallen takarda, itching, hematoma. Bayan ɗan lokaci, sun ɓace ba tare da wata alama ba.
Duk mutumin da yake da ciwon sukari yakamata ya san algorithm don taimakawa tare da yanayin rashin ƙarfi.
Contraindications
"Protafan" an hana yin amfani da kawai a cikin lamura biyu: yanayin rashin lafiyar da rashin haƙuri ga ɗayan kayan aikin.
Yin hulɗa tare da wasu kwayoyi
Cutar sankara (mellitus) cuta ce ta kullum wacce take haifar da rikice-rikice daga gabobin da yawa. Don maganin su, an wajabta wa mara lafiya magani. Akwai kwayoyi da yawa waɗanda ke shafar buƙatar jikin mutum na insulin (haɓaka ko rage shi). Idan akwai haɗin su tare da Protafan, ya kamata a daidaita sashi ɗin.
Yana inganta tasirin "Protafan"
- Duk samfuran da ke ɗauke da ethanol. Lissafinsu suna da yawa, sabili da haka, lokacin da ake amfani da sabon magani, wajibi ne a yi nazarin abin da ya ƙunsa dalla-dalla;
- ACE inhibitors (angiotensin-mai canza enzyme) - rukuni na kwayoyi da aka yi amfani da su sosai don magance hauhawar jini;
- MAO inhibitors (kwayoyin kara kuzari) - maganin cututtukan da ake amfani da su wajen ilimin kwakwalwa;
- Beta-blockers (ba zaɓaɓɓu ba) - lura da cututtukan cututtukan zuciya;
- Anabolic steroids;
- Magungunan ƙwayar cuta ta hanji.
- Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, wanda ya haɗa da yawancin diuretics;
- Shirye-shiryen Lithium;
- Magungunan ƙwayoyin Tetracycline da sulfonamides;
- Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6);
- Ketoconazole wakili ne na antimycotic;
- Cyclophosphamide - wani maganin antitumor;
- Clofibrate - lowers cholesterol jini;
- Fenfluramine mai tsara kayan ci ne;
- Bromocriptine da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin ilimin ilimin mahaifa;
- Theophylline sanannen mashahuri ne;
- Mebendazole anthelmintic ne.
A cikin marasa lafiya waɗanda ke buƙatar magani tare da waɗannan kwayoyi, ya zama dole don rage yawan adadin maganin da ke ɗauke da insulin.
Rage tasirin "Protafan"
- Hormones na thyroid da aka yi amfani da shi don maganin maye gurbin hypothyroidism;
- Slow alli tubule blockers (alluran antagonists), wanda galibi ana amfani dashi wajen maganin hauhawar jini;
- Glucocorticosteroids;
- Sympathomimetics, mafi shahararrun wanda shine Ephedrine;
- Thiazide diuretics;
- Na hana haihuwa;
- Magungunan magungunan Tricyclic;
- Clonidine wakili ne mai hanawa;
- Phenytoin maganin kashe kansa ne;
- Diazoxide tare da tasirin diuretic da tasirin hypotensive;
- Hormone girma (hormone girma);
- Acid na Nicotinic;
- Morphine;
- Nicotine;
- Heparin;
- Danazole ya kasance yana maganin endometriosis da wasu cututtukan ciwace-ciwace a cikin ilimin mahaifa.
Wasu kwayoyi da sinadarai suna aiki a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban, duka haɓakawa da haɓaka tasirin Protafan. Waɗannan su ne barasa, octreotide / lanreotide, reserpine, salicylates.
Yanayin ajiya
Adana ingancin Protafan zai ba da tabbacin adana yawan kwantar da hankalin insulin, wanda ke nufin zai iya hana rikitarwa masu yawa:
- Rufin da aka rufe yana cikin firiji (2-8 ° C), amma yana nesa da injin daskarewa. An daskare daskarewa sosai. Ajalin shine watanni 30.
- Ana ajiye murfin buɗewa a zazzabi a cikin daki ba ya wuce 25 ° C na makonni 6. Kare daga haske.
Ya kamata a kiyaye miyagun ƙwayoyi daga yara. Akwai shi a cikin magunguna kawai tare da takardar sayan magani. Matsakaicin matsakaici shine 350-400 rubles ga kwalban, 800-100 rubles don katako. Wasu analogues masu rahusa ne (alal misali, Humulin NPH), wasu sun fi shi farashi (Insuman Bazal GT, Biosulin N).
Umarni na musamman
A cikin lura da ciwon sukari mellitus "Protafan" babu wasu matsaloli. Mun lissafa wasu "hanyoyin" waɗanda rayuwar rayuwar mai haƙuri ta dogara da su:
- Bayan katsewa daga cikin miyagun ƙwayoyi, yanayin rashin ƙarfi na iya faruwa (rauni, tashin zuciya, bushe baki, asarar abinci, ƙanshi na acetone, urination akai-akai, jan fata da bushewa a hankali yana ƙaruwa).
- Idan yayin jiyya akwai matsananciyar damuwa, rashin lafiya (musamman tare da zazzabi) ko matsanancin ƙoƙari na jiki, wannan yana haifar da ƙwanƙwasa jini.
- Sauya magani tare da wani nau'in insulin (ko kuma wani nau'in magani) yakamata a gudanar dashi ƙarƙashin kulawar likita da sanya idanu akai-akai na matakan sukari na jini.
- Kafin tafiya mai nisa tare da canza bangarorin lokaci, mai haƙuri ya kamata ya nemi masanin ilimin endocrinologist.
- Protafan NM ba a yin amfani da famfo na insulin ba.
Magungunan ba ya shiga cikin mahaifa, saboda haka ana iya amfani da shi ta hanyar mata masu juna biyu. Yana da mahimmanci don daidaita adadin dangane da tsawon lokacin daukar ciki (a cikin farkon farkon, buƙatar insulin ya ragu, sannan sannu a hankali yana ƙaruwa, kuma bayan haihuwar ya koma cikin dabi'unsa na asali).