Manufar lura da ciwon sukari shine don kula da matakan glucose kusa da al'ada na dogon lokaci. Idan wannan ya kasa, sai suce mara lafiyan ya lalata ciwon sukari. Samun biyan diyya na ɗan lokaci mai yiwuwa ne kawai tare da taimakon horo mai ƙarfi. Tsarin kulawa ya hada da: bin ka'idodin tsarin abinci da abubuwan da aka tsara, mai aiki, amma ba ilimin motsa jiki da ya wuce kima, yawan magunguna masu rage sukari, lissafin da ya dace da gudanarwar insulin.
Ana kulawa da sakamakon jiyya kowace rana tare da glucometer. Idan mai ciwon sukari ya sami ikon biyan diyya na tsawon lokaci, to za a rage haɗarinsa na matsananciyar wahala da rikice rikicewar rayuwa, sannan kuma yana ƙaruwa game da rayuwa.
Digiri na diyya na diyya
Dangane da ka'idodin Rasha, ciwon sukari ya kasu kashi uku:
Ciwon sukari da hauhawar jini zai zama abin da ya wuce
- Normalization na sukari -95%
- Cirewa kan jijiyoyin mara wuya - 70%
- Cire zuciyar mai karfin zuciya -90%
- Rabu da cutar hawan jini - 92%
- Increasearuwar kuzarin rana, inganta bacci da dare -97%
- Sakayya - alamomin sukari a cikin haƙuri suna kusa da al'ada. A cikin nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, ana kuma kimanta bayanan bayanan lipid na jini da hawan jini. Lokacin da aka sami biyan diyya, haɗarin rikicewa ya zama kaɗan.
- Sakayya - glucose yana ƙaruwa sau da yawa, ko kuma matakansa suke canzawa yayin rana. Ingancin rayuwar mai haƙuri yana taɓarɓarewa sosai, ana jin rauni koyaushe, barci yana damuwa. Rashin kuɗi yana da haɗari tare da haɗarin haɗari na rikitarwa mai zurfi, saurin haɓakar angiopathy da neuropathy. Mai haƙuri yana buƙatar gyaran magani, ƙarin gwaje-gwaje.
- Compaddamarwa - ya sami matsakaiciyar matsayi tsakanin biyan diyya da kuma cutar sikari. Matsayin sukari ya ɗan ɗan fi sauƙi sama da na al'ada, don haka haɗarin rikitarwa ya fi hakan. Idan ba a kawar da subcompensation cikin lokaci ba, rikice-rikicen metabolism zai lalace zuwa matakin lalata.
Ana amfani da wannan rarrabuwa don kimanta tasirin magani. Misali, lokacin da aka shigar da shi asibiti, ban da nau'in cutar sankarar mellitus, gwajin ya nuna “a lokacin wahalhalu”. Idan an fitar da mara lafiya tare da ƙananan ƙwayar cuta, wannan yana nuna ilimin da ya dace.
Canji mai sauri daga sukari mai yawa zuwa al'ada ba a so, saboda yana haifar da neuropathy na ɗan lokaci, raunin gani da kumburi.
A cikin al'adar kasa da kasa, ba a amfani da matakin biyan diyya. Ana kimanta ciwon sukari mellitus daga matsayin haɗarin rikice-rikice (ƙananan, babban yiwuwar angiopathy da microangiopathy).
Sharuddan Bada Magana
Godiya ga haɓaka magunguna, tare da kowace ƙarnin, masu ciwon sukari suna da ƙarin dama don kawo ƙididdigar jininsu kusa da al'ada, wanda ya haɓaka lokacin rayuwarsu da rage adadin rikitarwa. Tare da haɓaka sabbin magunguna da maganin gwajin kansa, ana tsayar da buƙatun masu ciwon sukari.
WHO da ofungiyar ciwon sukari sun tsara sharuɗan masu zuwa don cutar ta 1:
| Criterion | Al'ada | Kyakkyawan iko | Rashin iya sarrafawa, rarrabuwar cutar sankara | |
| Glucose, mmol / L | Kafin abinci | 4-5 | har zuwa 6.5 | > 6,5 |
| Matsakaicin bayan cin abinci | 4-7,5 | har zuwa 9 | > 9 | |
| Kafin bacci | 4-5 | har zuwa 7.5 | > 7,5 | |
| Glycated haemoglobin, GG,% | har zuwa 6.1 | har zuwa 7.5 | > 7,5 | |
Ciwon sukari na 2 mai cuta kodayaushe yana tare da lalacewa a cikin mai mai, sabili da haka, bayanin bayanan lipid na jini yana kunshe a cikin ka'idojin diyya:
| Ka'idodi, mmol / L | Tashin hankali | |||
| low yiwuwa | ciwon kai | microangiopathy | ||
| GG,% | ≤ 6,5 | sama da 6.5 | sama da 7.5 | |
| Azumin glucose, Yin bincike a dakin gwaje-gwaje | ≤ 6,1 | sama da 6.1 | sama da 7 | |
| Girgiza ma'aunin glucose | kafin abinci | ≤ 5,5 | sama da 5.5 | sama da 6.1 |
| m bayan cin abinci | ≤ 7,5 | sama da 7.5 | sama da 9 | |
| Cholesterol | na kowa | ≤ 4,8 | sama da 4.8 | sama da 6 |
| low yawa | ≤ 3 | sama da 3 | sama da 4 | |
| babban yawa | ≥ 1,2 | a kasa 1.2 | a kasa 1 | |
| Karkacewar | ≤ 1,7 | sama da 1.7 | sama da 2.2 | |
Criteriaarin sharuɗan diyya don nau'in ciwon sukari na 2:
| Sharudda | Sakayya | |||
| kyau | kasawa (ƙaddamarwa) | mara kyau (ƙetarewa) | ||
| BMI | mata | har zuwa 24 | 24-26 | sama da 26 |
| maza | har zuwa 25 | 25-27 | sama da 27 | |
| Hawan jini | har zuwa 130/85 | 130/85-160/95 | fiye da 160/95 | |
Ka'idodin biyan kuɗi ba daidaituwa ba ne ga duk rukuni na marasa lafiya. Ya kamata manya masu shekaru masu aiki su yi ƙoƙari don layin “al'ada” idan adadin yawan rashin ƙarfin jini ya karu. Ga yara, masu ciwon sukari, marasa lafiya tare da rage ƙarfin jiyya ga ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, matakan sukari mai manufa na iya zama ɗan sama kaɗan.
Abubuwan da aka ƙaddara sun dogara da likitan halartar. A kowane hali, suna cikin iyakokin rama ko biyan kuɗi. Ba a kuɓutar da diyya ga kowane mai haƙuri ba.
Ikon sarrafawa a gida
Don hana zubar da cutar sukari, gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje basu isa ba kafin ziyartar likita. Buƙatar kulawa na yau da kullum na jini da matsa lamba. Kitarancin kit ɗin da ake buƙata don mai ciwon sukari: mai glucometer, mai lura da karfin jini, tsararren gwaji don fitsari tare da ikon ƙayyade matakin ketones. Marasa lafiyar Obese zasu buƙaci sikelin bene. Kwanan wata, lokaci da sakamakon dukkan ma'aunin gida yakamata a shigar dasu cikin takaddara na musamman - bayanin kula da masu ciwon sukari. Bayanan da aka tara za su bamu damar bincika hanyar cutar kuma mu canza jiyya a kan kari don hana rarraba.
Jinin jini
Don sarrafa sukari, mafi sauƙi glucometer, lancets da tube na gwaji a kansa sun isa. Siyan na'urori masu tsada tare da ƙarin ayyuka masu yawa ba lallai ba ne, kawai zaɓi wani amintaccen masana'anta da tabbatar cewa abubuwan sayarwa na mita koyaushe suna kan siyarwa.
Ya kamata a auna sukari da safe akan komai a ciki, bayan kowane abinci, kafin lokacin kwanciya. Cututtukan da ke fama da cutar sikari suna buƙatar ƙarin ma'auni na yau da kullun: da dare kuma tare da kowane lalacewa cikin jin dadi. Masu ciwon sukari kawai masu fama da cuta mai laushi 2 suna iya auna sukari ba sau da yawa.
Acetone da sukari a cikin fitsari
Sugar a cikin fitsari yana bayyana mafi yawan lokuta tare da lalata cututtukan sukari, lokacin da matakin sa cikin jini ya fi ƙwanƙwasa ƙirar mutum (kimanin 9 mmol / l). Hakanan yana iya nuna matsalolin koda, gami da cutar cututtukan koda. Ana auna sukarin fitsari sau ɗaya a wata.
A yayin cinikin cututtukan ƙwayar cuta, haɗarin ketoacidosis da coma yana da yawa. A cikin lokaci, ana iya gano waɗannan rikice-rikice ta hanyar nazarin fitsari don ketones. Dole ne a yi duk lokacin da sukari ya kusanto kusan mil 13 mm / L.
Don ma'aunin gida na ketones da sukari a cikin fitsari, kuna buƙatar siyan tsaran gwajin, alal misali, Ketogluk ko Bioscan. Binciken yana da sauki sosai kuma yana ɗaukar mintuna kaɗan. Tabbatar karanta labarinmu akan acetone a cikin fitsari.
Glycated Hemoglobin
Wannan mai nuna alama yana nuna daidai da sakamako na diyya ga masu ciwon sukari kuma yana ba ku damar sanin matsakaicin sukari a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Binciken ya nuna kashi na haemoglobin da aka fallasa shi da glucose na watanni 3. Mafi girma shine, ciwon sukari ya kusan kusan lalata. Glycated (ana kuma amfani da sigar glycosylated) haemoglobin a gida ta amfani da na'urori na yare ko kuma manazarta naúrar. Waɗannan na'urori suna da tsada kuma suna da kuskure na kuskure mai zurfi, saboda haka ya fi dacewa da kwata-kwata ɗaukar matakan bincike a cikin ɗakin binciken.
Matsi
Kwayar cutar sankara ta lalace tare da canje-canje na jijiyoyin jini a cikin tasoshin da kuma hauhawar jini. Hauhawar jini yana haifar da saurin ci gaba na angiopathy da neuropathy, sabili da haka, ga marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari, ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin matsin lamba sun kasance mai tsauri fiye da mutanen da ke da lafiya - har zuwa 130/85. Maimaita wuce haddi na wannan matakin yana buƙatar nadin magani. Yana da kyawawa don auna matsin lamba yau da kullun, har ma tare da jin kai da ciwon kai.
Abubuwan da suka lalace
Don tsoratar da canjin yanayin ciwon sukari zuwa wani nau'in lalata zai iya:
- gwargwadon matakin kwalliya na allunan da insulin;
- rashin bin ka’idar abinci, lissafin da ba daidai ba na carbohydrates a cikin abinci, cin mutuncin sugars mai sauri;
- rashin magani ko magani na kai tare da magungunan gargajiya;
- ba daidai ba dabara don gudanar da insulin - ƙari akan wannan;
- canzawa ba tsammani daga allunan zuwa insulin far don maganin ciwon sukari na 2;
- matsananciyar damuwa;
- munanan raunuka, ayyukan tiyata;
- sanyi, cututtuka na kullum;
- nauyi riba zuwa mataki na kiba.
Matsaloli da ka iya yiwuwa
Cututtukan ƙwayar cuta marasa ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwaƙwalwa mellitus yana haifar da rikitarwa na nau'ikan 2: m da na kullum. Ciki yana tasowa da sauri, a cikin 'yan sa'o'i ko kwanaki, ba tare da magani yana haifar da ƙwayar cuta da mutuwa ba. Waɗannan sun haɗa da mummunan hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis da hyperosmolarity.
Hypoglycemia yana da haɗari fiye da sauran rikitarwa, saboda yana haifar da canje-canje ba a canzawa a cikin mafi ƙarancin lokacin da zai yiwu. Alamar farko ita ce yunwa, rawar jiki, rauni, damuwa. A matakin farko, ana dakatar da shi ta hanyar carbohydrates mai sauri. Ana buƙatar masu haƙuri da precoma da coma asibiti mai saurin yaduwa da kwantar da hankali.
Manyan sukari mai yawa yana haifar da canzawa a cikin kirga jini na nau'ikan da yawa. Dangane da canje-canjen, an rarraba coma na hyperglycemic zuwa ketoacidotic, lactic acidotic da hyperosmolar. Marasa lafiya suna buƙatar kulawa da gaggawa na likita, maganin insulin shine lallai ɓangare na magani.
Rashin rikice-rikice na yau da kullun na iya haɓaka tsawon shekaru, babban dalilin su shine tsawaita cutar sikari ta tsawan shekaru. Saboda babban sukari, manyan (angiopathy) da ƙananan jijiyar (microangiopathy) sun lalace, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa gabobin ke cikin damuwa. Wadanda suka fi saurin kamuwa dasu sune retina (cututtukan fata), da kodan (nephropathy), da kwakwalwa (encephalopathy). Hakanan, nau'in ƙwayar cuta mai narkewa yana haifar da lalata ƙwayoyin jijiya (neuropathy). Wani hadadden canje-canje a cikin jirgi da jijiyoyi ne sanadin haifar da haifar da ƙafar mai ciwon sukari, mutuwar nama, osteoarthropathy, da cututtukan trophic.
