Akwai nau'ikan cuta guda biyu - ciwon sukari da ciwon insipidus. Wadannan ire-iren cututtukan suna da bambance-bambance a tsakanin su. Bambanci tsakanin mellitus na ciwon sukari da insipidus na ciwon sukari, duk da suna iri ɗaya mai kama, ya ta'allaka ne ga abubuwan da ke haifar da haifar da ciwo a cikin jiki, da kuma alamun da ke haɗuwa da cutar.
Ciwon sukari mellitus shine mafi yawan cuta idan aka kwatanta da masu ciwon sukari. Mafi sau da yawa, farawa na ciwon sukari yana haɗuwa da yanayin rayuwar mahaifa, wanda ke shafar ayyukan haɓakawa a cikin jiki.
Ciwon sukari mellitus daga insipidus na ciwon sukari ya bambanta da cewa abin da ya faru na iya tayar da matsalolin autoimmune a jikin mai haƙuri. Babban bambanci tsakanin mellitus na ciwon sukari da insipidus na ciwon sukari shine cewa ƙarshen yana faruwa mafi yawan lokuta saboda dalilai kamar babban raunin kai da haɓakar ciwan kansa a cikin jiki.
Babban bambance-bambance tsakanin ciwon sukari da ciwon insipidus
Babban bambanci tsakanin insipidus na ciwon sukari da ciwon sukari mellitus shine cewa ci gaban insipidus na ciwon sukari ya danganta ne da lalacewar aiki na tsarin hypothalamic-pituitary, wanda ke haifar da raguwa ko dakatar da samar da kwayoyin maganin antasouretic vasopressin.
Wannan hormone yana da alhaki a cikin jikin mutum don daidaitaccen rarrabuwar ƙwayar cuta. Hannun hormone yana cikin kulawa da homeostasis ta hanyar sarrafa adadin ruwan da aka cire daga jikin mutum.
Idan akwai matsala a cikin aiki na tsarin hypothalamic-pituitary, adadin hormone ya zama bai isa ba don aiwatar da aikin sake dawo da yanayin, wanda shine maye gurbin ruwa a cikin tubules na kodan. Wannan halin yana haifar da ci gaban polyuria.
A cikin ciwon sukari mellitus, an bayyana wani yanayi wanda karancin iskar insulin a jikin mutum, wanda ke da alhakin rage yawan glucose a cikin jini ta sel jikin.
Bugu da ƙari, mellitus na ciwon sukari na iya ci gaba idan akwai isasshen samar da insulin yayin da ƙwayoyin jikin mutum suke da juriya na insulin. A kashin na karshe, sel wadanda ke jikinsu suna tsayawa ko rage yawan tasirin glucose, wanda hakan ke haifar da faduwar metabolism da kuma tarin glucose a cikin jini.
Don fahimtar yadda mellitus ciwon sukari ya bambanta da ciwon sukari mellitus, kuna buƙatar fahimtar abubuwan da ke haifar da bayyanar cututtuka biyu a cikin mutane.
Sanadin kamuwa da cutar sankarau da ciwon suga
Ciwon sukari a cikin jiki na iya zama nau'i biyu. Tare da haɓaka nau'in cuta ta farko a cikin mutum, ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta dakatar da samar da insulin na hormone, wanda jiki ke buƙata don ɗaukar glucose da ta dace.
Tare da haɓaka nau'in ciwon sukari na biyu, ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta a cikin jiki yana ci gaba da samar da insulin, amma akwai rikice-rikice a cikin aiwatar da sha ta hanyar ƙwayoyin nama. Duk waɗannan hanyoyin suna haifar da ƙaruwa mai girma a matakin glucose a cikin jinin mai haƙuri. Sakamakon wadannan rikice-rikice, jiki ya haɗa da hanyoyin biyan diyya waɗanda suke haifar da haɓakar haɓakar fitsari.
Don haka, jiki yana ƙoƙarin cire karin glucose daga kyallen da fitsari. Increasearuwar yawan fitsari da ake samarwa yana haifar da bayyanar da yawan kuzari zuwa urin, wanda ke haifar da ƙoshin jiki.
Sanadin ciwon sukari insipidus kamar haka:
- Haɓakar kumburi a cikin hypothalamus ko ƙwayar ciki.
- Samuwar cututtukan ƙwayar cutar daji a cikin kwakwalwar hypothalamic-pituitary na kwakwalwa.
- Rashin damuwa a cikin aiki na tsarin hypothalamic-pituitary.
- Mai rauni rauni kwakwalwa.
- Kasancewar a cikin jikin magadan gado na ci gaban cutar.
- Pathologies a cikin aikin ƙwayar renal a cikin amsa ga vasopressin.
- Samuwar sabbin abubuwa ko toshewar hanyoyin jini.
- Haɓakawa a cikin jikin wasu siffofin meningitis ko encephalitis.
- Hend-Schuller-Christian syndrome, wanda aka haɓaka ta hanyar ƙara yawan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ayyukan tarihin.
Dukkanin cututtukan biyu suna tare da haɓaka jin ƙishirwa, amma yakamata a tuna cewa a wasu yanayi ƙaruwar jin ƙishirwa da sakin babban adadin fitsari na iya zama psychogenic a yanayi.
Bayyanar cutar sankara da ciwon insipidus
Mutanen da ke fama da ciwon sukari da insipidus na fama da yawan ƙishirwa da fitowar fitar fitsari. Lokacin da waɗannan alamun suka bayyana, ya kamata ku nemi shawara da kuma bincika jikin mutum daga mahallin endocrinologist da wuri-wuri.
Mutanen da suka ci gaba da ciwon sukari mellitus sun bambanta da cewa suna haɓaka takamaiman ƙarfin fitsari wanda aka sanya a ciki wanda ake ƙunshi glucose. Dangane da insipidus na ciwon sukari a cikin mutane, ba a gano abubuwan da ke cikin sukari a cikin fitsari ba, kuma yawan kumburin fitsari da ke ƙasa yana al'ada.
Don gano ciwon insipidus na sukari, ana yin gwajin ƙuntatawa na ruwa. Lokacin da iyakance yawan shan ruwa yake haifar da raguwar hauhawar jini da hauhawar zuciya. Idan cikin martani ga gabatarwar vasopressin a cikin jiki, matsin lamba ya daidaita, kuma diuresis din ya ragu, to, likitan da ke halartar ya tabbatar da bayyanar cutar.
Don tabbatar da kasancewar ciwon insipidus na cikin mutum, an tsara ƙarin gwaje-gwaje:
- ƙuduri na yawan fitsari;
- Gwajin X-ray na sirdi da kwanyar na Turkiyya;
- irography na ban mamaki;
- nazarin duban dan tayi;
- kimiyar kara bayani
Bugu da kari, an bada shawara cewa kwararru masu zuwa suyi nazari kuma suyi nazarin mai haƙuri:
- neuropathologist;
- neurosurgeon;
- kwararren likita.
Don gano ciwon sukari, ana amfani da gwajin jini na ƙirar ƙwayar cuta don glucose a ciki da farko.
Don gano ciwon sukari mellitus, ana gudanar da gwaje-gwaje da yawa don sanin adadin glucose a cikin jinin mai haƙuri a cikin yanayi daban-daban.
Lokacin yanke hukunci na glucose na jini mai sauri, mai nuna alama ya kamata ya canza yawanci a cikin 3.5-5.5 mmol / L, bayan cin wannan alamar kada ya wuce 11.2 mmol / L. A yayin da waɗannan alamu suka ƙare, ba shi da haɗari a ce mutum yana da ciwon sukari.
Don samun ingantacciyar ganewar asali, ana gudanar da ƙarin gwaje-gwaje na jikin mutum, wanda ke ba mu damar tabbatar da wane nau'in ciwon sukari ke tasowa a jikin mutum.
Tabbatar da nau'in ciwon sukari ana buƙatar zaɓar madaidaicin tsarin kulawa don cutar.
Jiyya da ciwon sukari da ciwon insipidus
Zaɓin magani don insipidus na ciwon sukari ya dogara da dalilin da ke haifar da haɓaka cutar a cikin jikin mutum. Idan sanadin cutar ita ce fitowar mutum da kuma ci gaban da yake tattare da tasirin tasirin ciwan kansa ko kuma ƙwarƙwashin ƙwayar cuta, to lallai ana buƙatar aiwatar da aikin don magance cutar. A wannan yanayin, ana gudanar da magani ta amfani da radiation da maganin guba. Idan ya cancanta, ana yin tiyata don cire neoplasm.
A cikin abin da ya haifar da dalilin ciwon insipidus shine haɓaka tsari mai kumburi a cikin jikin da ke haɗuwa da tsarin kwakwalwa, an tsara allunan rigakafi da magungunan rigakafi. A yayin aiwatar da matakan warkewa, an wajabta mai haƙuri yana dauke da vasopressin. Dalilin shan irin waɗannan magungunan shine don samar da jiki tare da vasopressin na hormone idan akwai wani rashi wanda ya haifar da damuwa a cikin tsarin hypothalamic-pituitary.
Dokar da ke ba da izinin likita ta tsara magunguna kuma tana haɓaka tsarin kulawa ta la'akari da halayen mutum na jikin mai haƙuri.
Ba kamar insipidus masu ciwon sukari ba, ana kula da ciwon sukari tare da tsananin kulawa da ƙwararrun abinci, motsa jiki na yau da kullun, da gudanar da kwayoyi waɗanda ke ɗauke da insulin na hormone.
Akwai nau'ikan insulin daban-daban. Zaɓin hanyar yin nishaɗi don gudanarwa da haɗuwa da insulins daban-daban ta hanyar endocrinologist wanda ke yin la’akari da sakamakon da aka samu yayin nazarin jikin mai haƙuri da halayensa na mutum. Abinci na mai haƙuri ga masu ciwon sukari yana haɓaka ta mai ilimin diabetologist kuma, yin la'akari da halaye na mutum na haƙuri.
Elena Malysheva a cikin bidiyo a cikin wannan labarin zai gabatar da cikakken bayani game da cuta kamar insipidus na ciwon sukari.
