CIWON SUKARI: MUTANE NAWA SUKE RAYUWA DA SHI? - CIWON SUKARI MELLITUS

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Cutar sankarau cuta ce mai wuya da mutane suka sani ƙarni da yawa. Koyaya, a wannan lokacin, mutane sunyi nasarar koyon yadda za'a iya jure shi kuma sun daidaita don tsawaita rayuwarsu. A karo na farko an gabatar da wannan kalma a karni na II BC. e. Mai Girkanci mai warkarwa Demetrios. Ya danganta da sunan "ciwon sukari" yanayin da jikin mutum ba zai iya riƙe danshi ba, ya rasa shi sau da yawa, amma yana ƙaruwa da ƙishirwa.

A cikin karni na XVII, waɗannan alamu an haɗa su da ilimin wani matakin glucose mai girma - likitoci sun fara lura da dandano mai daɗi a cikin jini da fitsari na marasa lafiya. Sai a ƙarni na 19 kawai aka bayyanar da kai tsaye game da cutar a kan ingancin ƙwayar cutar, kuma mutane suka sami labarin irin wannan ƙwayar halittar da wannan jikin ya samar da insulin.

Idan a cikin waɗannan tsoffin kwanakin binciken cutar ciwon sukari yana nufin mutuwa wanda ba makawa a cikin 'yan watanni ko shekaru ga mai haƙuri, yanzu zaku iya rayuwa tare da cutar na dogon lokaci, ku jagoranci rayuwa mai aiki da jin daɗin ingancinsa.

Ciwon sukari kafin kirkirar insulin

Insulin da aka samo daga jikin mutum babban abin kirkira ne.

Waɗanda ba su saba da ciwon sukari ba za su iya yin cikakkiyar ƙwarewar ingancin insulin na wucin gadi. Koyaya, shi ne wanda zai iya rage yanayin haƙuri, yana ba da dama na shekaru da yawa na rayuwa.

Da dadewa kafin kirkirar sa, an dauki ciwon sukari shine cuta mafi hatsari, tunda daga lokacin da aka gano cutar, marassa lafiyar sun rayu basu wuce 15 - 20 ba. Amma yaran ba su da sa'a - yaran ba za su iya rayuwa fiye da shekaru uku ba.

Sanadin mutuwar mai haƙuri da irin wannan cuta ba ita ce cutar kansa ba, amma dukkanin rikice-rikicenta, waɗanda ke haifar da lalacewa ta gabobin jikin mutum. Insulin yana ba ku damar sarrafa matakin glucose, kuma, sabili da haka, baya barin tasoshin su zama mara ƙarƙo kuma rikitarwa ke haɓaka. Shortagearancinsa, da kuma rashin yiwuwar gabatar da jikin mutum daga waje kafin lokacin insulin, ya haifar da mummunan sakamako nan bada jimawa ba.

Ciwon sukari na yanzu: Hujjoji da siffofi

A cikin karni na 21, cutar sankarar mellitus har yanzu matsala ce mai girman gaske; sikeli ta na kusan gabuwa da cuta.

Yawan lokuta suna haɓaka kowace shekara, kuma nau'in cuta ta biyu ana gano sau 9 sau da yawa fiye da na farkon. Kowace shekaru goma, adadin waɗannan masu haƙuri yana ƙaruwa sau biyu.

Idan muka kwatanta ƙididdiga na shekaru 20 da suka gabata, lambobin basu sanyaya rai ba:

A 1994, akwai masu cutar sukari kusan miliyan 110 a duniya,
ya zuwa 2000, adadi ya kusan mutane miliyan 170,
a yau (a ƙarshen 2014) - kimanin mutane miliyan 390.

Don haka, kintace na nuna cewa nan da shekarar 2025 adadin kararrakin a duniya zai wuce alamar raka'a miliyan 450.

Tabbas, duk waɗannan lambobin suna da ban tsoro. Koyaya, zamani ma yana kawo kyakkyawan halaye. Sabbin magunguna da suka saba da su, sababbin abubuwa a fagen nazarin cutar da kuma shawarwarin likitocin sun ba marasa lafiya damar jagorantar rayuwa mai inganci, kuma, mahimmin mahimmanci, inganta rayuwar su. A yau, masu ciwon sukari na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 70 a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi, i.e. kusan gwargwadon lafiya.

Amma duk da haka, ba duk abin da ke da ban tsoro ba.

Tarihi ya kawo mana misali ga masu ciwon sukari da suka daɗe da iya shawo kan cutar su kuma suka rayu muddin ba a ba kowane mutum lafiya ba.

Menene sirrinsu? Tabbas, a cikin salon rayuwa: abinci mai gina jiki, magani, kulawa da kai da wasanni, kazalika da rashin son rayuwa zai iya kasancewa mai karfi. Ga wasu daga cikinsu:

Walter Barnes (dan wasan Amurka, dan wasan kwallon kafa) - ya mutu yana da shekara 80;
Yuri Nikulin (ɗan wasan Rasha, ya yi yaƙe biyu 2) - ya mutu yana da shekara 76;
Ella Fitzgerald (Mawaƙi ɗan Amurka) - ya bar duniya yana da shekara 79;
Elizabeth Taylor (yar wasan finafinan Amurka da turanci) - ta mutu tana da shekara 79.

Nau'in 1 da nau'in ciwon sukari 2 - wanda suke rayuwa tsawon rai?

Duk wanda ya saba da wannan cutar a kaikaice ya san cewa yana da nau'ikan biyu, wanda ke ci gaba ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Ya danganta da matsayin lalacewar jiki, yanayin cutar, kasancewar ingantaccen kulawa da kula da lafiya, damar mutum na tsawon rayuwarsa ya dogara. Koyaya, godiya ga ƙididdigar da likitoci ke kula da su, zaku iya haɗaka mafi yawan lokuta kuma ku fahimta (aƙalla kusan) tsawon lokacin da mutum zai rayu.

Don haka, mellitus-insulin-da ke fama da ciwon sukari (nau'in I) na haɓaka cikin ƙuruciya ko ƙuruciya, bai wuce shekaru 30 ba. Mafi yawanci ana gano shi a cikin 10% na duk masu ciwon sukari. Babban cututtukan concomitant tare da shi sune matsaloli tare da jijiyoyin jini da urinary, tsarin renal. A wannan yanayin, kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na marasa lafiya suna mutuwa ba tare da tsira shekaru 30 masu zuwa ba. Haka kuma, yayin da mafi rikitarwa ke faruwa yayin rayuwar mai haƙuri, da wuya ya zama zai rayu har zuwa tsufa.

Koyaya, nau'in ciwon sukari na nau'in 1 har yanzu ba magana bane, saboda tare da matakan da suka dace na sarrafa adadin sukari a cikin jiki, injections na insulin da ƙarancin motsa jiki, mai haƙuri yana da damar rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 70.
Cutar sankara mara amfani da insulin (nau'in II) wata dabi'a ce ta daban, mafi yawan lokuta tana tasowa cikin mutane sama da shekaru 50, duk da haka, lokuta sun zama ruwan dare tsakanin matasa masu shekaru 35. Yana lissafin kusan kashi 90% na duk lamuran da aka rubuta a magani. Marasa lafiya na wannan nau'ikan sun fi saurin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya, suna haɓaka ischemia, bugun jini da bugun zuciya, wanda galibi yake haifar da mutuwa. Har ila yau hadarin haɓaka ƙarancin haɓaka shima yayi yawa, amma yayi ƙasa sosai. Duk waɗannan matsalolin haɗin gwiwar na iya haifar da mutuwa ko tawaya, wanda ba sabon abu bane a cikin nau'in ciwon sukari na 2.

Yawancin marasa lafiya marasa galihu suna yin gajere fiye da matsakaita ta kimanin shekaru 5-10, i.e. kamar 65-67.
Koyaya, cutar da ta dace a kan lokaci, magani na lokaci da kuma cikakkiyar yarda ga magunguna na endocrinologist na iya bada tabbacin tsawon rayuwa, wanda kusan babu bambanci da mutane masu lafiya.

Idan muka yi la’akari da bambance-bambance a cikin rayuwar rayuwa na mara lafiya maza da mata, to, bisa ga ƙididdigar likita, matsakaiciyar magana ga mai rauni jima'i galibi ana rage ta da shekaru 12, kuma ga mai ƙarfi - zuwa 15. Wannan yana nuna ba ma ta hanyar tsarin halitta ba a cikin jiki, amma ta gaskiyar cewa mata sun fi dacewa ga kame kai kan salon rayuwa, abinci mai gina jiki da munanan halaye. Ana taka muhimmiyar rawa ta hanyar gado.

Ciwon sukari a cikin yara da sakamakonsa

A cikin yara da matasa, nau'in ciwon sukari guda ɗaya ne mai yiwuwa - na farko.

Magungunan zamani ba shi da ikon warkar da shi gabaɗaya, amma yana da ikon cimma daidaituwa da daidaituwa ta tsawan aiki na tafiyar matakai, musamman matakin glucose a jiki. Yana da mahimmanci sosai don gano cutar a cikin yaro, kuma ci gaba da saka idanu da kulawa da irin waɗannan marasa lafiya a cikin lokacin da ya dace kuma koyaushe da maraice da iyayen sa.

Ingantaccen magani yana cikin irin waɗannan halayen garanti na dogon rashi rikitarwa, kiwon lafiya na yau da kullun da ƙarfin aiki na tsawon lokaci. Hasashen yana da matukar dacewa. Koyaya, bayyanuwar kowane rikice-rikice wanda galibi yana shafar tsarin zuciya da jijiyar wuya ya rage damar.

Gano lokaci da kuma fara jiyya wani abu ne mai karfi dake bayar da gudummawa ga tsawon rayuwa.

Wani muhimmin al'amari shine lokacin rashin lafiyar yarinyar - sanadin cutar a farkon shekarun 0-8 yana ba mu damar fatan tsawon lokacin da bai wuce shekaru 30 ba, amma mazan mazan a lokacin cutar, hakan shine mafi girman damar sa. Matasa masu shekaru 20 zasu iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 70 tare da kiyaye duk shawarar kwararrun masana.

Na kamu da rashin lafiya - menene dama?

A yau, ciwon sukari ba matsala ba ne ga rayuwa.

Kasancewa ga wasu ƙa'idodi da ka'idoji na rayuwa, tsinkayar mai haƙuri kowane nau'in abu ne mai kyau. Gane lokaci, isasshen magani, bin ka'idodin abinci da tsarin abinci, da kulawa da lafiyar mutum ya ba da damar shekaru su ci gaba da aiki da kuma cikakken rayuwa.

Idan aka ba ku wannan cutar, da farko dai ba za ku yanke ƙauna ba.

Mataki na farko da yakamata ku kasance shine ziyartar ƙwararrun masanan:

Endocrinologist;
Likita;
Likitan zuciya;
Kwararren masanin ilimin dabbobi ko likitan uro;
Likita na jijiyoyin jiki (in ya zama dole).

Bayan ƙayyade nau'in cutar, matsayin tasirin sa a jikin mutum, cututtukan haɗuwa, ya zama dole don bin shawarar likitoci. Daga cikin su yawanci:

Abinci na musamman;
Shan magani ko allurar insulin;
Aiki na Jiki;
Cigaba da ci gaba da lura da glucose da wasu dalilai.

Matsayi mafi mahimmanci a gare ku ya kamata ku fahimci cewa ciwon sukari ba abinci bane na ɗan gajeren lokaci wanda zai iya karyewa ƙarƙashin rinjayar sha'awarku, amma salon rayuwa ne na tsawon rayuwarku.

Kada ku ɗauki rashi a cikin abincinku da kuka fi so amma ƙoshin jin dadi a matsayin azaba, saboda yanzu hanya ce ta inganta rayuwar ku da jinkiri bayyanar rikitarwa har zuwa dama. Kuma ku tuna, cutarku ba jumla ce ba - masu ciwon sukari suna da iyalai, suna haihuwar yara kuma ku more rayuwa har tsawon shekaru.

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