Hanyoyin zamani na kula da ciwon sukari sun haɗa da yin amfani da magungunan warkewa waɗanda ke cikin rukunoni daban-daban don dalilai na warkewa.
Zuwa yau, nau'ikan nau'ikan magunguna masu rage nau'in sukari guda shida sun fito fili a fannin magunguna.
Ana amfani da magunguna na rage sukari kawai idan mai haƙuri yana da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na sukari, wanda ba shi da insulin.
Duk magunguna suna cikin rukunin magunguna masu zuwa:
- Biguanides.
- Glinidam.
- Glitazone.
- Alfa glucosidase inhibitors.
- Masu hana masu DPP-4.
- Sulfonamides.
- Daidaitawa.
Groupungiyar biguanides ta haɗa da magani ɗaya - Metformin. Ana amfani da wannan kayan aikin tun 1994. Kayan aiki shine mafi yawanci ana amfani dashi don rage sukari a cikin jiki.
Glitazones sun hada da magani guda - Pioglitazone. Magungunan yana taimakawa wajen haɓaka ƙwayoyin sel na kewayewa zuwa insulin kuma yana inganta ƙimar mai.
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors yana hana narkewar carbohydrates, yana hana kwararar glucose zuwa cikin jini.
DPP-4 inhibitors yana hana lalata glucagon-like polypetide 1 (GLP-1) kuma yana hana DPP-4 enzyme.
Ana amfani da Sulfanilamides a matsayin magungunan rage sukari kuma sun fi shahara. Ayyukan kwayoyi na wannan rukunin sun samo asali ne daga haɓaka aikin samar da insulin ta hanyar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta. A halin yanzu, azuzuwan 4 na sulfonamides sun inganta.
Magungunan da aka haɗo sune wakilai waɗanda ke da ƙwayoyin aiki masu aiki da yawa a cikin abubuwan da ke ciki.
Glinids sun haɗa da kwayoyi biyu a cikin abubuwan da suka haɗu - Repaglinide da Nateglinide. Magungunan suna da tasiri mai ban sha'awa a cikin sel beta na ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta.
Baya ga tasirin sukari, yumbu da sauran kaddarorin:
- ba ya ba da gudummawa ga samun nauyi;
- lokacin amfani da kwayoyi na wannan rukuni a cikin haƙuri, da alama yiwuwar hauhawar jini ya ragu sau da yawa idan aka kwatanta da sulfonamides.
Kamar kowane magunguna, kudaden da ke cikin rukunin yumɓu suna da sakamako masu illa da yawa:
- lokacin amfani dashi, da alama akwai yiwuwar haɓakar haɓakawar jini;
- ba da shawarar yin amfani da magani ba idan mai haƙuri yana da wasu cututtukan hanta.
Ana amfani da magungunan Clinid sau da yawa azaman wakilai don maganin nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na mellitus.
Alamu da contraindications don amfani da yumɓu
Babban nuni ga amfani da yumbu shine kasancewar nau'in mellitus na II na ciwon sukari a cikin mara haƙuri idan babu tasiri daga aikin abinci da ake amfani da shi na motsa jiki.
Magunguna na wannan rukunin suna amfani dashi don rage matakin sukari a jikin mai haƙuri.
Kamar kowane magani, magunguna na rukunin yumɓu suna da contraindications da yawa don amfani.
Contraindications wa yin amfani da yumbu sune:
- Kasancewar rashin hankali.
- Kasancewar nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 a cikin haƙuri.
- Haɓakawa a cikin jikin yanayin buƙatar insulin far.
- Kasancewar mawuyacin cuta a cikin aiki na ƙodan da hanta.
- Lokacin haihuwar da lokacin shayarwa.
Ba'a ba da shawarar yin amfani da glinids ga marasa lafiya na yara da matasa a ƙarƙashin shekara 18, ban da wannan, ba a ba da shawarar yin amfani da kwayoyi don lura da ciwon sukari a cikin marasa lafiya fiye da shekaru 75 da haihuwa.
Yawancin sakamakon da ake amfani da shi na amfani da irin wannan magani sune:
- rikicewar aiki na gastrointestinal fili, wanda ya bayyana ta hanyar bayyanar amai da jiji na tashin zuciya;
- a wasu halayen, halayen rashin lafiyan ke tasowa, ana nuna su ta hanyar fatar fata
- wani lokaci ana samun jinkiri na aikin transamylase.
A wasu halaye, akwai raunin gani, tare da canzawa zuwa matakin sukari a jiki.
Hanyar aikin yumbu
Glinides abubuwa ne masu kara karfi na samarda insulin. Wadannan kwayoyi sun bambanta da sulfonamides ba wai kawai tsarin ba, har ma da magunguna. Glinids an haɓaka shi azaman magunguna waɗanda ke taimakawa dawo da haɓaka adadin insulin hormone na ƙwayar ƙwaƙwalwa wanda ƙwayoyin beta suka samar.
Ya kamata a ɗauki Glinids na musamman lokacin abinci, wannan yana ba ku damar biye da tsarin abinci mai sassauci idan aka kwatanta da abincin lokacin da kuke shan sulfonamides.
Meglitinides yana da ɗan gajeren rabin rayuwa, wanda ya rage yiwuwar haɓaka halin rashin lafiyar jiki.
A yanzu, meglitinides ya hada da magunguna biyu - Nateglinide da Repaglinide.
Hanyar aiwatar da miyagun ƙwayoyi ta dogara ne akan tasirin sa akan tashoshin potassium na ATP da suke dogara da membranes na beta-cell. Wannan yana haifar da depolarization daga cikin membrane da kuma buɗe tashoshi na alli. Bayan bayyanar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, kwayoyi suna kara yawan ƙwayoyin calcium a cikin sel daga sararin intercellular.
Increasearuwar ƙwayar alli a cikin kwayar halitta yana kunna tsarin samar da insulin.
Haɗin da meglitinides ya yi tare da masu karɓar sel ba tsayayye ba ne, saboda haka, hadaddun da aka kafa na ɗan lokaci kaɗan.
Shirye-shiryen Clinid, lokacin da aka gabatar da shi a cikin jiki, ya kasance mafi yawan hankali a cikin jini sa'a daya bayan gudanarwa. Ingancin magunguna kusan kashi 56 cikin dari.
Gudanar da magunguna lokaci guda tare da abinci ba ya shafar lokacin isa zuwa ganiya mafi girma na aiki mai aiki a cikin jini, kuma an rage yawan adadin girman ɗin zuwa kashi 20%. Glinides ya sami damar ɗaure wa furotin plasma, matakin ɗaurin ya kai 98%.
Rabin rayuwar miyagun ƙwayoyi daga jiki kusan awa ɗaya ne.
A karbo daga shirye-shirye na lãka kungiyar ne da za'ayi yafi tare da feces. Ta wannan hanyar, kusan 90% na metabolites da aka kafa yayin metabolism an keɓe su. Bugu da kari, cire maganin yana gudana ne ta wani bangare ta hanyar kayan maye tare da fitsari.
Rashin kyau na irin wannan nau'in magunguna shine buƙatar magunguna da yawa a cikin kullun da kuma tsadar tsadar kwayoyi.
Yin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi Starlix
Starlix magani ne da ake ɗauka nan da nan kafin a ci abinci lokacin maganin nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na mellitus. Tazara tsakanin shan miyagun ƙwayoyi da abinci kada ta wuce awo 0.5.
Lokacin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi don maganin monotherapy, ana bada shawarar guda ɗaya na 120 MG. Ya kamata a sha miyagun ƙwayoyi sau uku a rana. Ya kamata a sha miyagun ƙwayoyi kafin karin kumallo, abincin rana da abincin dare.
Idan shawarar da aka ba da shawarar ta miyagun ƙwayoyi ba ta ba da damar cimma sakamako na warkewa, ana iya ƙaruwa guda ɗaya zuwa 180 mg.
Ana aiwatar da daidaituwa na amfani da maganin a kullun daidai da sakamakon binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje na alamomin HbA1c da alamomin glycemia daya zuwa awa biyu bayan cin abinci.
Ana iya amfani da Starlix, idan ya cancanta, a matsayin wani ɓangaren ƙwayar cuta a cikin hadaddun jiyya na nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na ciwon sukari. Za'a iya amfani da maganin a cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da metformin.
Lokacin amfani da Starlix a cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da Metformin, ƙwayar da aka yi amfani da ita ya kamata ya zama 120 MG sau uku a rana. Ana amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi yayin maganin ƙwayar cuta kafin abinci.
A cikin taron cewa yayin aiwatar da hadaddun farji, ƙimar HbA1c ta kusanto da ƙididdigar ƙididdigar ƙwayar cuta, adadin Starlix da aka ɗauka za'a iya ragewa zuwa matakin 60 MG sau uku a rana a hankali na halartar likita.
Yin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi Novonorm
Magungunan Novonorm magani ne, wanda ya haɗa da maganin farfadowa a cikin sashi na 0.5, 1 ko 2 a matsayin babban sinadari mai aiki.
Sigar farko don maganin ciwon sukari ya kamata ya zama 0.5 mg na fili mai aiki.
An ba da izinin karuwar sashi ba fiye da kwanaki 7-14 ba bayan fara amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi.
Idan an gano gazawar hanta a cikin mai haƙuri da ciwon sukari mellitus, ana lura da HbA1c sau da yawa fiye da a cikin makonni 2.
An yarda da amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin mafi girman sigogin masu zuwa:
- Singleaya daga cikin maganin yakamata ya zama 4 MG na magani mai aiki.
- Yawan maganin yau da kullun bai kamata ya wuce 16 MG ba.
Mafi kyawun lokacin shan magani shine mintina 15 kafin cin abinci, amma kuma yana yiwuwa a sha magani na mintina 30 kafin cin abinci ko kuma nan da nan kafin aiwatarwa.
Idan abincin ya tsallake cin abinci ta hanyar marasa lafiya, to yakamata kar a sha maganin.
A cikin aiwatar da ƙarin abinci, yakamata a yi amfani da magani.
Babban bambanci tsakanin Starlix da Novonorm shine cewa ƙarshen zai iya rage matakan glucose ba kawai bayan cin abinci ba, har ma tsakanin irin waɗannan abincin. Wannan shi ne saboda iyawar sashi mai aiki don shiga mai karɓar SUR kuma ya samar da ingantaccen haɗin gwiwa tare da shi.
Ya kamata a san cewa Starlix yana da ƙarancin haifar da bayyanar alamun alamun rashin ƙarfi a cikin ƙasa idan aka kwatanta da Novonorm.
Clinide Side Effects da Kariya
Bayan kulawa ta baka, shirye-shiryen kasancewar rukunin glinid suna taɓar da matakai na farkon ɓoye insulin a cikin ƙwayoyin beta na ƙwayar ƙwayar jijiyoyin jiki waɗanda ke kula da aikin wannan nau'in shiri. Yin amfani da waɗannan magungunan don bin umarnin don amfani ko shawarwari da aka karɓa daga halartar endocrinologist yana iya tsokani mai haƙuri da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, wanda yake shi ne cutar insulin-insulin mai cin gashin kanta na alamun hypoglycemia.
Irin wannan tasirin kan jikin mutum yana buƙatar amfani da magunguna kai tsaye kafin abinci.
Amincewa da duk dokoki da shawarwari lokacin amfani da samfurin magani na ƙungiyar lãka, ba ya haifar da halin hypoglycemic jihar.
Wadannan kwayoyi suna da tasiri sosai yayin amfani da su a farkon matakan ci gaban nau'in ciwon sukari na 2. An bambanta matakan farko na haɓakar cutar ta hanyar cewa a cikin wannan lokacin aikin aikin ƙwayoyin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, wanda ke da alhakin haɗin insulin, an kiyaye shi.
Yiwuwar ƙirƙirar yanayin hypoglycemic a jikin mai haƙuri da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 kusan kusan daidai yake da yawan hypoglycemia tare da yin amfani da ƙayyadaddun maganin sulfonylurea da ke da ɗan gajeren aiki.
Lokacin amfani da shirye-shirye na rukunin yumɓu, ya kamata a kula musamman idan mai haƙuri yana da gaɓar hanta. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa ana aiwatar da babban metabolism na kwayoyi a cikin ƙwayoyin hanta. Dukansu magunguna na wannan rukuni suna ɗaure zuwa cytochrome P-350, wanda ke nufin abubuwan da ke tattare da tsarin enzyme na hanta.
Ya kamata a yi taka tsantsan yayin amfani da kwayoyi a cikin yanayin da ba shi yiwuwa a sarrafa yadda yakamata a iya sarrafa glycemia a jiki. Irin waɗannan yanayi na iya zama haɓakar kamuwa da cuta a cikin jiki, rauni mai rauni, yayin aikin tiyata. Idan wannan yanayin ya faru, ya kamata a dakatar da magunguna kuma a canza zuwa amfani da ilimin insulin.
Bayanai game da magungunan da ake amfani da su don maganin ciwon sukari an bayyana su a cikin bidiyon a cikin wannan labarin.
