Mafi kyawun cutar cututtukan cututtukan da suka shafi cututtukan endocrine shine ciwon sukari. Yana da haɗari a cikin hakan yana haɗuwa da keta duk nau'ikan metabolism. Bugu da ƙari, cutar tana barazanar mummunan rikicewa ko marigayi kuma yana buƙatar kulawa ta yau da kullun, bi da abinci. A lokaci guda, yayin aiwatar da magani ba zai yuwu a kawar da abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar sankara ba, kuma an rage magani don sauƙaƙe alamun.
Tsarin Etiological da alamu
Matsayin glucose a cikin ciwon sukari yana tashi saboda ƙarancin sha saboda karancin insulin. Idan wannan tsari ya faru sakamakon rashi a cikin kwayar cutar proinsulin saboda lalata ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayar cuta, an rarraba cutar a matsayin nau'in ciwon sukari na 1. Mafi yawan lokuta ana gano shi a cikin mutanen da ke ƙasa da shekara 25.. Yana bayyana kanta tare da alamu masu zuwa:
matsananciyar ƙishirwa da haɓaka ci;- ƙanshi na acetone daga bakin;
- yawanci urin ciki;
- rauni rauni warkar;
- fata mai ƙaiƙai.
matsananciyar ƙishirwa da haɓaka ci;A cikin mutane tare da tara ƙwayar tsopose nama, wuce haddi na hormone faruwa, amma na metabolism amsa ga insulin da ke illa, kuma "dangi rashi" faruwa. Wannan nau'in cutar ana kiranta da ciwon sukari na 2. Yana barazanar da yawa ga tsofaffi. Haka kuma, alamunta ba su da takamaiman lamarin da mutum zai iya lura da cutar tasa. Koyaya, kuna buƙatar kula da waɗannan alamun:
- gajiya
- rage gani;
- ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya;
- zafi lokacin tafiya;
- na mata rauni a cikin mata.
Rabin marasa lafiya a farkon alamun bayyanar cututtuka basu da komai. Amma sai bugun zuciya kwatsam, bugun jini, cutar koda, ko asarar hangen nesa na iya faruwa. Kowace ƙarnin, yawan mutanen da ke da ciwon sukari suna ninki biyu, saboda haka kuna buƙatar ganin likita a farkon bayyanar.
M rikitarwa
Da farko, ciwon sukari yana da haɗari tare da rikitarwa wanda zai iya faruwa a cikin fewan kwanaki ko awanni ko ci gaba sama da watanni da shekaru. A farkon lamari, ana nuna su da m, a cikin na biyu - marigayi. Kowannensu shine sakamakon ci gaba da hauhawar jini a cikin jini da cuta na rayuwa a cikin kyallen da suka rasa ikon ɗaukar monosaccharide.
Yanayin m
Tun da kyallen takarda ba sa amfani da glucose a cikin ciwon sukari, ƙarar catabolism na mai da sunadarai na faruwa. Abubuwan samfuran tsaka-tsakin su na tarawa a cikin jini, saboda wannan ketoacidosis yana haɓaka, wanda ke lalata mahimman ayyukan jiki.
Yin zub da jini tare da zubar da jini yana haifar da ƙaruwa a cikin matsin lambarsa, wanda yawan ruwa da electrolytes sun ɓace a cikin fitsari. Saboda wannan, yawancin gabobin da kyallen takarda suna wahala, nephropathy, neuropathy, ophthalmopathy, micro- da macroangiopathy, har ma da ciwon sukari ke faruwa. Hakanan ana shafar tsarin haihuwa, maza na iya fuskantar rashin ƙarfi, mata masu rasa haihuwa.
Ara matakan glucose na jini tare da magunguna na iya rage matakan sukari zuwa 3.3 mmol / L ko ƙasa da haka. A wannan yanayin, yanayin barazanar rayuwa yana faruwa - hypoglycemia, wanda za'a iya shawo kansa ta hanyar shan maganin sukari, cin abinci mai arzikin carbohydrate, shigar da shirin glucagon a cikin tsoka ko cikin jijiya tare da maganin 40 na glucose. A ƙarshen batun, ana buƙatar ƙarin allura na thiamine don guje wa spasm na tsoka na gida.
Sakamakon ciwon sukari, lactic acid yana haɓaka jini, kuma ma'aunin canji yana canzawa zuwa gefen acidic. A kan tushen rashin wadatar wasu gabobin da wadataccen iskar oxygen zuwa kyallen, acid ya tara a cikin kyallen, microcirculation yana da damuwa. Sakamakon lactic acidosis. Mai haƙuri yana da ruhi mai duhu, ba zai iya numfasawa kullun ba, matsin lamba ya saukad da shi, urination yana da wuya. Wannan yanayin a cikin 70% na lokuta ya ƙare da mutuwa, dole ne a dauki matakan nan da nan. Ana bai wa mara lafiyar ruwan asarar ciki na 2% na soda kuma an kai shi asibiti cikin gaggawa.
Sakamakon ciwon sukari, garkuwar garkuwar jiki yana raguwa, kuma mai haƙuri ya ƙaddamar da cututtuka masu muni, mafi yawan lokuta ana samun tarin fuka.
Cutar masu ciwon sukari
Tsayawa baya shine irin wannan a matsayin kwayar cutar coma, sakamakon rashin insulin. Sakamakon yanayi mai muni biyu ne:
- ketoacidosis sakamakon karuwa a cikin acidity da kuma rashin isasshen amfani da jikin ketone wanda hanta ke samar da shi sakamakon yunwar da ke tattare da ƙarancin insulin wanda ba zai iya amfani da glucose ba;
- lactic acidosis, haɓaka saboda tara samfuran samfuran metabolism.
Coma baya ci gaba kai tsaye. Rana kafin ta, mai haƙuri ya fara fuskantar zazzaɓi, busasshen baki, ƙishirwa, rashin ci. A wannan yanayin, yana da buqatar a hanzarta fara jinya, har sai mai ciwon sukari bai fara sujjada ba kuma bai yi asara ba.
Idan wannan har yanzu ya faru, da gaggawa buƙatar kiran motar asibiti, kuma shimfiɗa haƙuri don numfashinsa ba mai wahala ba. Shigo da Kwararru suna bincike da cutar sikari ta hanyar abubuwanda ke bayyane:
- bushe, dumi ga fatar taɓawa;
- ƙanshi na apples ko acetone daga bakin;
- rauni mara ƙarfi;
- karancin jini;
- laushin ido.
Za a bai wa mara lafiya magani na glucose ɗin cikin ciki kuma a kai shi sashin kulawa mai zurfi. Cutar na ciki na iya ɗaukar tsawon lokaci. Wasu mutane suna ciyar da shekarun da suka gabata a ciki, amma ba sa barin shi.
Raunin raunuka
Ciwon sukari na 2 na da haɗari tare da maganin retinopathy. Wannan sunan ne don lalacewa ta baya, tare da cututtukan basur, edema, da samuwar sabbin jiragen ruwa. Idan tsarin ilimin halittu ya shafi haraji, retina zai fitar da abin. Wannan shine babban dalilin asarar hangen nesa a cikin masu tsufa da tsofaffi masu cutar siga.
Rashin lalacewar jijiyoyin bugun gini, karuwa a cikin kasalarsu, halayyar thrombosis da atherosclerosis daga baya suna haifar da angiopathy. Hyperglycemia a cikin ciwon sukari yana haifar da rikicewar metabolism a cikin jijiyoyi. Wannan yana barazanar polyneuropathy a cikin nau'i na asarar zafi da tsinkayewar zafin jiki, saboda wanda mai haƙuri zai ji rauni sauƙin.
Rashin damuwa metabolism na carbohydrates da fats a cikin kyallen takarda yana shafar gabobin da ke biye:
- kodan: albumin yana fita a cikin fitsari, furotin yana faruwa, sannan gazawar ƙarancin koda;
- idanu: girgije da ruwan tabarau yana faruwa, kuma kamewa tana haɓaka da wuri.
Baya ga metabolism mai rauni, ana yin microcirculation ba daidai ba, ischemic necrosis an bayyana shi ta hanyar arthropathy tare da ciwo na haɗin gwiwa da iyakance motsi. Canjin yanayin aiki da aikin na iya faruwa a ƙafa. Hanyoyin cututtukan necrotic na ciki, raunuka da raunuka na jiki (osteoarticular raunuka) sun haɗu da ciwon sukari na ƙafa, wanda a cikin manyan halayen yana buƙatar yankewa. Cutar sankara kuma tana da muni saboda tana cutar da lafiyar kwakwalwa. Saboda shi, ana lura da sauye-sauyen yanayi, damuwa, tashin hankali yana faruwa, ana samun encephalopathy.
Hakanan, a kan asalin ciwon sukari, wanda ke lalata jiki kuma ya canza tsarin jini, cututtukan na kullum zasu iya haɓaka. Yawancin shekaru na rashin wadataccen glucose na yau da kullun suna nunawa a cikin yanayin tasoshin. Lankalin su ya kankama, kuma ganuwar ta zama mara kyau ga abinci mai gina jiki. Tissues sun rasa oxygen da abinci mai gina jiki, a kan wannan yanayin, bugun jini, bugun zuciya, cutar zuciya zata iya bunkasa. Rashin wadatar jini ga fata yana haifar da bayyanar cututtukan trophic, wanda daga baya zai iya zama tushen kamuwa da cuta. Kasancewa ga canje-canje masu mahimmanci, tsarin juyayi yana bayyana kanta azaman rauni na kullun a cikin gabobin da ciwo na kullum.
Hanyoyin jiyya
Cutar sankara tana da haɗari, saboda haka kuna buƙatar fara magani akan lokaci. Increasedarin yawan fitsari, rashin cin abinci, rashin nauyi ya zama abin tsoro kuma ya kamata ya zama lokaci don ƙayyade matakin monosaccharide a cikin jini da kuma gudanar da gwajin haƙuri na glucose. Idan yawan abubuwan glucose da glycohemoglobin sun yi yawa, sukari yana nan a cikin fitsari, kuma acetone shima yana nan, ana samun masu cutar sukari.
Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na far, ana kawar da alamun asibiti na cutar, ana aiwatar da iko na rayuwa, ana ɗaukar matakan kariya don rikitarwa kuma makasudin shine tabbatar da ingancin rayuwa. Marasa lafiya yana buƙatar shan magunguna, bi wani abinci na musamman, ƙaddamar da motsa jiki da motsa jiki koyaushe.
Harkokin insulin da magunguna na hypoglycemic
A cikin nau'in cutar ta farko, ana rama rikice-rikice na metabolism metabolism ta hanyar maganin insulin, a cikin abin da mutum ke tilastawa sa allurai a kullum. Zaɓin magani ne ta likita bayan an saka idanu akan inpatient tare da sarrafa adadin glucose a cikin jini. Matsakaicin matsakaici shine raka'a 0.5-1 a kilogram kowace rana.
A nau'in na biyu na ciwon sukari, irin wannan ma'aunin ba koyaushe ake buƙata ba, ana amfani da kwayoyi sau da yawa waɗanda ke rage yawan glucose da haɓaka jijiyar nama zuwa insulin (metmorphine, rosiglitazone), kazalika da kwayoyi waɗanda ke inganta ɓoyewar ƙwayar ciki (vildagliptin, glibenclamide). Enzymes na ciki wanda ke rushe carbohydrates zuwa glucose ana hana shi ta hanyar acarbose, kuma mai metabolism yana saba dashi ta fenofibrate.
Rage cin abinci
Cikakken diyya ga metabolism metabolism ba zai yiwu ba tare da rage cin abinci. Bugu da ƙari, wani lokacin ya isa magani kuma zaka iya yi ba tare da magunguna ba a farkon farkon nau'in ciwon sukari na 2. Abincin da ba daidai ba yana da haɗari tare da nau'in farko, saboda wannan na iya haifar da ɗorewa tare da sakamako mai mutuwa.
A cikin tsarin abinci mai dacewa don cuta, ana cire ƙwayoyin carbohydrates daga abincin. Yawan hadaddun carbohydrates da ke shiga jiki ana sarrafa su sosai. An auna su a cikin sassan gurasa (1XE = 10-12 g na carbohydrates = 20-25 g burodi). Kafin amfani da samfur, mai ciwon sukari yana bincika adadin gurasar gurasar a cikin tebur na musamman ta amfani da tebur na musamman. Don kwana ɗaya, zai iya amfani da 12 zuwa 25 XE, amma a cikin abinci ɗaya adadinsu ya zama bai wuce 7. Alcohol yana contraindicated.
Duk abincin da aka ci a rana yakamata a yi rikodin shi a cikin rubutaccen bayani na musamman. Wannan yana sauƙaƙe ƙididdigar kuma yana ba da izinin haɗari don ɗaukar matakan da suka dace na ƙarin insulin ko ƙwayar rage ƙwayar sukari.
Hanyar tiyata
Ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin na mazan jiya, cutar ba za a iya warkewa ba. Amma tiyata tare da babban matakin yiwuwar ceton mutum daga kamuwa da cutar siga 2. Aikin ya ƙunshi ƙoshin ciki da biliopancreatic shunting, wanda aka ƙirƙiri karamin tafki a saman ɓangaren ciki, wanda ya ƙunshi kimanin santimita 30 na abinci mai ƙarfi. Abinci yana wuce yawancin ciki da jejunum.
Sakamakon shiga tsakani, nauyin jiki yana raguwa, abinci baya wuce duodenum, amma an aika shi zuwa cikin Ileum, mucosa wanda ke ɓoye peptide a sakamakon haɗuwa da abinci, wanda ke ƙarfafa samar da insulin da haɓakar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta. A cikin 80−98% na lokuta, wannan yana haifar da murmurewa.
Matakan hanawa
Yin rigakafin rikice-rikice, wanda shine babban haɗari a cikin ciwon sukari, ya haɗa da saka idanu akai-akai game da hawan jini da gyaranta tare da magunguna idan ya cancanta, kazalika da maganin rage ƙwayar lipid. Latterarshen ya haɗa da shan magungunan da ke kula da ƙananan ƙwayoyin triglycerides da ƙarancin lipoproteins, wanda ke rage ci gaba da cututtukan ischemic, lalacewar retina da jijiyoyi. Idan akwai babban haɗarin rikice rikice na macrovascular, waɗannan wakilai suna haɗuwa tare da fenofibrate.
Ingancin rayuwa mai kyau ga marasa lafiya yana yiwuwa ne kawai a yanayin kula da alamomi na yau da kullun, magani, aiki mai sauri tare da lalata da rikitarwa. Abin da ya sa yana da matukar muhimmanci a gano alamun ciwon sukari a cikin lokaci kuma a bi duk shawarar likita.
