Cholesterol wani yanki ne na dabi'ar kwayoyin halitta, giya na polycyclic lipophilic, wanda shine sashin jikin membranes na dukkanin halittu masu rai.
Cholesterol ba shi da ruwa a ruwa. Yana narkewa a cikin mai da daskararru na abubuwa.
Kimanin 4/5 na cholesterol din da jikin ke bukata shine jikin yake samarwa da kansa. Wannan fili ana samar da shi ne ta hanyar hanta. Jiki yana karɓar 1/5 na ɓataccen girman adadin kwayar daga yanayin waje yayin abinci tare da abubuwan abinci.
Matsayin kwayoyin halitta na cholesterol a cikin jiki
Ana samun sinadaran sunadarai a jikin mutum ta fuskoki biyu. Wadannan nau'ikan mahadi ana kiransu manyan sikarin lipoproteins da babba.
Cholesterol na tabbatar da juriya daga membran membrane na sel zuwa canjin yanayin.
Cholesterol ya shiga tsakani a cikin tarin adadin kwayoyi masu aiki na rayuwa.
Abubuwan da ke ciki sun shiga cikin hanyoyin masu zuwa:
- Cholesterol shine sel membrane mai kwantar da hancin sel.
- Kasancewa a cikin kwayar halittar kwayoyin jima'i na steroid.
- Abun haɗin gwiwa ne wanda ke tattare da samar da corticosteroids.
- Cholesterol shine tushen samarda sinadarin bile acid.
- Kwayar tana ɗayan abubuwan da aka haɗa a cikin kwayar bitamin D.
- Yana bayarda izinin membranes na sel.
- Yana hana tasirin cututtukan hemolytic akan sel jini.
Tunda cholesterol ba shi da ruwa a cikin ruwa, a cikin abun da ke cikin jini ya shiga cikin hadaddun fili tare da sunadarai na jigilar kayayyaki, suna samar da hadaddun abubuwa - lipoproteins.
Ana yin jigilar jigilar kayayyaki zuwa abubuwan da ke cikin kwayar ta hanyar chylomicron, VLDL da LDL.
Kasancewa cikin halayen rayuwa daban-daban, takamaiman abubuwanda ake kira cholesterol ana hada su a jikin mutum.
Babban abubuwanda ke haifar cholesterol sune bile acid, hormones steroid, Vitamin D da cholestanos.
Wasu daga cikin sunadarai masu guba suna da hannu wajen samar da kariya ga garkuwar jikin dan adam. Sun kare kariya daga kamuwa da cuta da yaduwar kwayar cuta.
Ayyukan Bile Acid
Cholesterol a cikin jiki yana haifar da hadawan abu da iskar shaka. An canza shi zuwa mahallin steroid daban-daban. Kusan kashi 70% na yawan adadin sunadarai kyauta na aikin aiwatar da iskar shaka.
Samuwar bile acid ana gudanar da shi ta sel hanta. Ana yin taro da ajiyan acid bile ne a cikin gallbladder. Idan ya cancanta, ana tura su cikin lumen karamin hanjin.
Wannan sinadarin cholesterol din yana shiga cikin narkewar abinci.
Mafi mahimmancin tsakanin acid bile shine cholic acid. Baya ga wannan fili, ana samar da abubuwa kamar su deoxycholic, chenodeoxycholic da lithocholic acid a hanta. A wani ɓangare, waɗannan acid suna cikin bile a cikin nau'i na salts.
Waɗannan abubuwan haɗin sune ainihin abubuwan haɗin bile. Abubuwan da aka samo suna ba da gudummawa ga rushewar lipids.
Abubuwan Hormones na Cholesterol
Baya ga shiga cikin samar da ƙwayoyin bile, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cholesterol tana cikin haɓakar babban adadin kwayoyin halittar.
Hormones da aka kirkira tare da halartar ƙwayar lipophilic polycyclic yana daidaita ayyukan yau da kullun na jiki.
Wadanne kwayoyin ne suke bayyana yayin tasirin cholesterol?
Abubuwan da ke cikin wannan sunadarai sun hada da manyan azuzuwan 5 na kwayoyin steroid:
- progestins;
- glucocorticoids;
- mineralocorticoids;
- androgens;
- estrogens.
Progesterone a hade tare da progestogen yana tsara shirye-shiryen mahaifa don dasa kwai da ya hadu da kwan.
Bugu da kari, ana buƙatar progesterone don hanya ta al'ada. Progesterone a hade tare da wasu takamaiman kwayoyin halittu suna da alhakin tabbatar da cewa namiji ya cika aikin haihuwa. Ofaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke cikin cholesterol wanda ke ba da cikakkiyar cikawar ayyukan maza ta jiki shine testosterone.
Hormones daga ƙungiyar androgens suna da alhakin haɓakar halayen jima'i na sakandare a cikin maza, kuma estrogens suna da alhakin bayyanar da haɓaka alamomin sakandare a cikin mata.
Glucocorticoids suna cikin aikin glycogen kuma suna samarda ƙin halayen kumburi a cikin kumburi wanda ke faruwa a jikin mutum.
Mineralocorticoids yana shafar aikin kodan. Sakamakonsu yana haifar da hauhawar hauhawar jini zuwa ga waɗannan gabobin da kuma hauhawar hauhawar jini.
Halin mutum da yanayin tunaninsa ya dogara da kasantuwa da haɗuwa da endorphins, waɗanda sune abubuwan farin ciki. Wadannan kayan aikin kwayar halitta ana samun su ne daga barasar polycyclic lipophilic.
Wani fasali na kwayoyin halittun steroid shine ikon su na saurin shiga cikin kwayar sel da babban damar yin hulɗa tare da takamaiman masu karɓa a cikin cytoplasm ko nucleus na ƙwayar manufa.
Ana jigilar kwayoyin halittar steroid tare da kwararar jini inda suke samar da hadaddun kayan abinci tare da sunadarai na sufuri na musamman.
Vitamin D da cholestanos
Polycyclic lipophilic giya shine farkon abubuwan bitamin D. Wannan kayan aiki na kayan halitta yana taka rawa sosai wajen tabbatar da aiki na yau da kullun. Wannan bangaren yana aiki a cikin metabolism na alli da phosphorus. Waɗannan abubuwan ana buƙatar su da farko don aiki na yau da kullin kasusuwa.
Sakamakon maganganu na rayuwa, ana canza bitamin D zuwa calcitriol. Bayan haka, wannan kwayar halitta a cikin sel tana daure wa takamaiman masu karɓa kuma yana tsara yadda aka samar da kwayoyin. Tare da isasshen adadin bitamin D a cikin jiki, ana lura da haɓakar rickets a lokacin ƙuruciya.
Wani mahimmin magani na polycyclic lipophilic barasa shine cholestanos. Wannan fili sunadarai rukuni ne na steroids. An gano kasancewar wannan abu a cikin gland din adrenal, wanda yake tarawa a ciki. A yanzu, ba a fahimci rawar da wannan bangaren yake ciki ba.
Cholesterol a jiki yana canzawa zuwa adadi mai yawa na kayan aikin halittu masu aiki. Ya kamata a lura cewa mafi mahimmanci a cikinsu cikin sharuɗɗan adadi shine bile acid. Wadannan mahadi suna aiki azaman wakilai masu ƙarfi kuma bayan sun sha hanji, shiga hanta, daga inda za'a sake amfani dasu. Waɗannan abubuwan haɗin suna samar da narkewa da rushewar kitse daga abinci yayin narkewar abinci.
Game da metabolism na metabolism an bayyana shi a cikin bidiyo a wannan labarin.
