Dangane da ƙididdigar shan kwayoyi a cikin duniya, wuri na farko tare da babban gefe yana kasancewa ta hanyar shinge tun lokacin da aka mallaka shi.
Atorvastatin shine farkon maganin wannan matakin. A watan Agusta 1985 ne aka samar da maganin.
Statins magungunan da aka tsara don magance hypercholesterolemia, da kuma atherosclerosis na haɓaka saboda shi. Ayyukansu shine don nuna alamun bayanan lipid, kula da lahani a bango na jijiyoyin bugun jini da rage kumburi.
Sakamakon statins a kan cholesterol biosynthesis
Statins suna rage cholesterol jini ta hanyar hadewa cikin kwayar halittarsa a hanta.
Don kyakkyawar fahimtar wannan, yana da kyau ɗaukar dukkanin matakai zuwa matakai.
Akwai abubuwa sama da ashirin da ke aiki a cikin tsarin biosynthesis.
Don saukaka karatu da fahimta, akwai matakai huɗu kawai:
- mataki na farko shine tara yawan isasshen glucose a cikin hepatocytes don fara aiwatarwa, bayan wannan enzyme HMG-CoA reductase ya fara kasancewa cikin tsarin, ƙarƙashin tasirin abin da ake kira mevalonate wanda ake kira mevalonate;
- sannan mevalonate mai da hankali ya shiga cikin aikin phosphorylation, ya kunshi canja wurin kungiyoyin phosphorus da kuma kamawarsu ta adenosine tri-phosphate, don hadaddun hanyoyin samar da makamashi;
- mataki na gaba - tsari na ciki - ya kunshi amfani da ruwa a hankali da kuma juyawar mevalonate zuwa squalene, sannan kuma zuwa lanosterol;
- tare da kafa yarjejeniyoyi biyu, wani carbon atom yana haɗe zuwa lanosterol - wannan shine matakin karshe na samar da cholesterol wanda ke faruwa a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta na musamman na hepatocytes - endoplasmic reticulum.
Statins suna shafar matakin farko na canji, tare da hana enzyme HMG-CoA reductase kuma kusan dakatar da fitar da mevalonate. Wannan tsari ya zama ruwan dare ga duka kungiyar. Don haka ne masanan kimiyyar Jamusawa suka kirkireshi a Pfizer a karni na ƙarshe.
Bayan shekaru goma na gwaji na asibiti, mutum-mutumi ya bayyana a kasuwar kantin. Na farkon su shine ainihin magungunan Atorvastatin, sauran sun bayyana da yawa kuma daga baya sune kwafin - waɗannan sune abubuwan da ake kira alaƙa.
Tsarin aiki a cikin jiki
Tevastor shine statin-ƙarni na huɗu da yake da shi, azaman abu mai aiki, rosuvastatin. Tevastor yana daya daga cikin fitattun abubuwan da ake kira Atorvastatin a cikin kasashen CIS - wadanda suka riga shi.
Magunguna da magunguna suna bayyana yadda Tevastor ke aiki bayan ya shiga jikin mutum.
Samuwar hular ciki, aikin mai gudana yana gudana ne ta jikin jini kuma ya tara hanta bayan sa'o'i biyar. Rabin rayuwar shine awa ashirin, wanda ke nufin zai dauki awanni arba'in kafin a share shi. An cire magungunan ta hanyar hanyoyin halitta - hanjin yana cire kashi 90%, sauran ragowar ne ke kwance daga hanta. Tare da yin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi na yau da kullun, mafi girman tasirin warkewa yana bayyana wata daya bayan fara magani.
Idan mai haƙuri yana da cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta, sigogi na pharmacokinetic sun canza:
- Tare da gazawar ƙwayar renal, lokacin da keɓancewar creatine ya rage sau 4 ko fiye, yawan rosuvastatin yana ƙaruwa sau 9. A cikin marasa lafiya akan hemodialysis, waɗannan alamun suna ƙaruwa zuwa 45%;
- A cikin gazawar sassauci da matsakaici na matsakaici, lokacin da keɓaɓɓe ya wuce 30 milliliters a minti daya, maida hankali kan abubuwa a cikin plasma ya kasance a matakin warkewa;
- Tare da gazawar hanta, cirewar rabin rayuwa yana ƙaruwa, shine, abubuwanda ke aiki suna ci gaba da gudana cikin jini. Wannan na iya haifar da maye a jiki, lalacewar koda, da guba mai tsanani. Sabili da haka, a lokacin jiyya, ya zama dole a bi ka'idodin likitan likita, don hana yawan zubar da jini kuma cikin lokaci don wucewa gwaje-gwajen sarrafawa;
Lokacin amfani da maganin, ya kamata a tuna cewa a cikin mutanen Asiya, an rage jin motsi na rosuvastatin, don haka yakamata a tsara musu mafi ƙarancin matakan.
Abun ciki da sashi tsari
Bayyanar da abubuwan da ke cikin allunan sun bambanta dangane da sashi.
Tevastor 5 milligrams - suna da nau'i mai zagaye, launi daga launin rawaya mai haske zuwa orange. Akwai abubuwan lura a garesu na kwamfutar hannu: a gefe guda a cikin nau'in harafin N, a gefe guda, lamba 5. Idan ka karya kwamfutar hannu, zaka iya ganin farin zuciyar a ciki, ya ƙunshi ruwan rosuvastatin;
Tevastor 10 milligrams, 20 milligrams, 40 milligrams - ruwan hoda zagaye da allunan biconvex. Siffar rubutu akan gefen harafin iri daya ce, a ɓangaren lambar yana dacewa da sashin da aka nuna akan fatar baki. A lokacin laifi, ana iya ganin farin cibiyar, an rufe shi da kwasfa.
Abunda ke ciki na Tevastor iri ɗaya ne ga duka allurai, bambanci shine kawai a cikin adadin abubuwan aiki da tsoffin masu aiki:
- alli mai aiki na rosuvastatin - abu mai aiki, yana toshe da enzyme mai aiki wanda ke canza glucose zuwa mevalonate;
- microcrystalline cellulose - ƙwayar burodi mai kumburi, wanda aka gabatar don ƙara yawan friability a cikin ƙwayar gastrointestinal;
- Ana amfani da lactose azaman filler don ƙara girma da nauyi, tare da cellulose yana haɓaka lalata;
- povidone da crospovidone - ƙwanƙwasa don tabbatar da haɗiƙar nutsuwa;
- sodium stearine fumarate - yana inganta haɓaka mai sauƙi, yana sauƙaƙe aiki akan injin din ta hanyar rage aduniya ga kayan aiki.
Baya ga waɗannan abubuwan haɗin, ƙwayar ta ƙunshi ruwan hoda da ruwan lemo don bawa Allunan launi mai daɗi.
Umarnin don amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi
Akwai takamaiman jerin abubuwan da ke nuna alamun amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi.
Dukkanin bayanai suna nunawa a cikin umarnin don amfani.
Wannan jagorar bangare ne na tilas a cikin shirya magungunan da aka sayar ta hanyar yanar gizon kantin magani.
Babban alamu don amfanin maganin sune:
- Primary (tare da shi kawai keɓaɓɓen lipoproteins suna haɓaka) da kuma gauraye (ƙananan lipoproteins masu ƙarancin girma kuma suna haɓaka su sosai) hypercholesterolemia. Amma a cikin yanayin yayin da karuwa a cikin aiki na jiki, watsi da halaye mara kyau da abincin abinci bai kawo sakamako da ya dace ba;
- Hypertriglycerinemia, tare da karuwa a lokaci guda a cikin wadataccen lipoproteins mai yawa, idan abinci mai tsauri bai rage cholesterol ba;
- Atherosclerosis - don ƙara yawan adadin masu karɓa na lipoprotein mai yawa a cikin hanta don rage taro da mummunan cholesterol;
- Don hana haɓakar rikicewar cututtukan zuciya na atherosclerosis: infarction myocardial m, ischemic stroke, angina pectoris, musamman a gaban abubuwan haɗari - shan sigari, shan barasa, kiba, fiye da shekaru 50.
Umarnin don amfani ya tabbatar da tabbatattun takaddara takaddara don shan maganin.
Oauki ta baka, shan ruwa mai yawa, ba tare da cin abinci ba, ba tare da taunawa ko karya ba. An bada shawara a sha da daddare, saboda a lokacin rana yana kara hanzarta cire maganin, kuma ana fitar da adadi mai yawa daga jiki.
Maganin farko shine 5 MG 1 sau ɗaya kowace rana. Kowane wata, ya zama dole don shawo kan cutar lipid da kuma shawarar likita. Kafin fara magani, likitan zuciya ya zamar masa dole ya bayar da jagora don shigar da bayanai da kuma bayanin menene sakamako masu illa da ya kamata su dakatar da neman taimako daga wurin likita.
Bugu da kari, duk lokacin da ake yin magani ya zama dole a bi tsarin rage yawan abinci, kuma wannan yana nuna takaita yawan ci, mai soyayyen abinci, qwai, gari da abinci mai daɗi.
Pathological illa a jiki
Ana rarraba tasirin sakamako gwargwadon yawan abin da ya faru a matsayin mai yawan lokaci, mara galihu da wuya sosai.
Akai-akai - shari’a daya cikin mutane dari - tsananin farin ciki, jin zafi a cikin haikalin da wuya, haɓaka nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, tashin zuciya, amai, matattarar tashin hankali, ciwon tsoka, ciwon asthenic;
Harshen - shari’a ɗaya ga mutane 1000 - halayen rashin lafiyan ga abubuwan da ke tattare da ƙwayar daga urticaria zuwa edema na Quincke, matsanancin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta (kumburi da ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta), raunin fata, myopathy;
Mai tsananin wuya - 1/10000 lokuta - rhabdomyolysis yana faruwa, wannan shine lalata ƙwayar tsoka tare da sakin ƙwayoyin kare da suka lalace a cikin jini da kuma faruwa na gazawar renal.
Magungunan hana amfani da magunguna sune halaye masu zuwa:
- Haihuwa - Rosuvastatin yana da matukar illa ga tayin saboda, ta hanyar toshewar kwayar cholesterol, to hakan tana rushe samuwar tantanin halitta. Wannan, bi da bi, zai haifar da jinkirin ci gaban ciki, gazawar sassan jikin mutum da yawa, da kuma matsalar damuwa na numfashi. Tayin na iya mutu ko an haife ta da mummunar ɓarna, don haka, ya bada shawara sosai cewa a tsara sauran magunguna don mai haƙuri.
- Rashin shayarwa - ba a gwada wannan a cikin karatun asibiti ba, saboda haka haɗarin ba a iya faɗi ba. A wannan lokacin, dole ne a yi watsi da maganin.
- Yara da matasa saboda aji ko aji saboda kamuwa da cuta na iya samun lalacewa, saboda haka, ba a yarda da shiga shekaru 18 ba.
- Mai tsananin rashin aiki na koda.
- Cututtuka na hanta, m ko na kullum.
- A cikin tsufa, wajibi ne don tsara magunguna tare da taka tsantsan. Fara amfani da 5 MG, mafi ƙarancin ba fiye da 20 MG kowace rana a ƙarƙashin tsananin kulawa na likita.
- Bayan jigilar kwayoyin halitta saboda rashin daidaituwa na cyclosporine, wanda ke dakatar da amsawar kin amincewa da rosuvastatin.
- Tare da maganin hana daukar ciki, tunda Tevastor yana ƙarfin aikin su, yana ƙaruwa lokacin prothrombin. Wannan na iya zama babban rauni tare da zub da jini na ciki.
- Ba za ku iya ɗaukarsa tare da wasu gumakan da magungunan hypocholesterolemic saboda haɗakar magunguna.
- Rashin haquri na Lactose.
Bugu da kari, haramun ne a sha magani idan mara lafiya yana da tabin hankali ga kowane bangare na maganin.
Ana ba da bayani game da gumaka a cikin bidiyon a cikin wannan labarin.
