Vascular atherosclerosis wani rashi ne na matsakaici da kuma manyan jijiyoyi sakamakon tarin filayen atheromatous da ci gaba a jikin bangon su. Alamar farkon alamun cutar ta bayyana ne kawai yayin da aka rufe fiye da 50% na ƙwayar jirgi. Bayan haka, keta hadarin jini na yau da kullun na iya haɓaka cututtukan zuciya, bugun jini, tashin zuciya, da sauransu.
Gano cutar ta hada da hanyoyi kamar tantance yawan lipids, nazarin angiographic, duban dan tayi na jijiyoyin jini da zuciya. Tushen magani shine magani, tsarin abinci na cholesterol, kuma a cikin mafi mahimmancin yanayi, aikin tiyata.
Matakan ci gaba da Pathology
Duk da yaduwar cutar, ba kowa ba ne yasan menene cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki ba. An nuna shi ta hanyar sanya filayen atherosclerotic plaques a kan bangon jijiyoyin jiki saboda rashi mai gina jiki da narkewar kiba.
Cholesterol wani fili ne na kwayoyin halitta, wanda kashi 80% wanda ake samarwa ta jikin mutum, kuma kashi 20% ne kawai yake zuwa da abinci. Tun da ba ya narke a cikin jini, an canza shi zuwa mahallin furotin na musamman - lipoproteins. Akwai manyan nau'ikan mahadi guda biyu: lipoproteins mai yawa - HDL - sosai mai narkewa cikin ruwa, suna hana saka adadin manyan kwayoyi, babban adadin HDL a cikin jini yana nuna cewa mutum yana da lafiya; low yawa lipoproteins (LDL) - hadaddun mahadi a cikin jini, da suka wuce haddi yana kaiwa ga ajiya na cholesterol a cikin nau'i na tsiro da kuma plaques.
Yana da al'ada a rarrabe tsakanin manyan matakai guda uku na ci gaban atherosclerosis na hanyoyin jini:
- Fitowar tabon lipid. Microcracks da raguwar jini a cikin gida suna taka rawa wajen sanya kitsen mai a jikin bangon ciki. Tare da rikicewar ƙwayar lipid da furotin na gina jiki, an samar da mahadi akan bango wanda ya kunshi lipids, ciki har da cholesterol, da sunadarai. Yana da wuya a yi tunanin tsawon lokacin da wannan cutar ta ci gaba, saboda kowane mutum mutum ne daban. Za'a iya ganin ɓoyayyun ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyun a ƙarƙashin ƙaramin microscope. Wasu lokuta ana samun su ko da a cikin jarirai.
- Ci gaban liposclerosis. A wannan matakin, an samar da ɓoɓin ƙwayar cuta na atherosclerotic - hadaddun haɗin haɗin kai da tso adi nama. Su na da kyau ruwa sosai, saboda haka zasu iya narkewa, wanda ke da haɗari. Gaskiyar ita ce, gutsuttsuran adon cholesterol na iya rufe bakin jirgin. Ganuwar hanyoyin da ake ajiye ajiyar atheromatous suna rauni kuma sun rasa ikonsu na dā.
- Bayyanar atherocalcinosis. Atherosclerotic plaques suna rikitarwa, ana saka salts na calcium a cikin tsarin su. A cikin lokaci mai tsawo, suna iya ƙaruwa cikin girma, kumbura da canza yanayin artery. Wannan yana haifar da gazawar iskarwar jini zuwa ga gabobin, wanda hakan ke haifar da matsananciyar yunwar oxygen. Hakanan, akwai yiwuwar katsewar hanji (matsanancin kullewa) jirgin ruwa yana da girma tare da daskararru ko ɗambin kayan masarufi da suka fashe.
Akwai ra'ayi cewa bayyanar cututtukan ƙwayar cuta atherosclerosis ana cutar da shi, ta hanyar cututtukan da ke haifar da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, da abubuwan gado da canje-canje na maye gurbi a sel.
Abubuwan da ke tattare da Hadarin Atherosclerosis
Akwai dalilai da yawa da dalilai waɗanda ke haɓaka damar haɓaka wannan cutar. Yanayin share ba za'a iya cirewa ba, mai yuwuwar za'a iya musayar abubuwa. Wadancan abubuwan da baza'a iya fitar dasu ta hanyar magani ko karfin ikon mutum ba ana daukar su masu cutarwa ne.
Wadannan sun hada da:
- shekaru - a cikin tsufa, farawa daga shekaru 45-50, canje-canje atherosclerotic kusan koyaushe yana faruwa;
- jinsi - hadarin kamuwa da cutar atherosclerosis a cikin maza shine sau 4 da yiwuwar bunkasa ciwo a cikin mata, kuma cutar tana faruwa shekaru 10 a baya fiye da akasin haka;
- yanayin ƙabilar halitta - akwai ra'ayi cewa kasancewar dangi tare da wannan sanadin yana ƙara yiwuwar ci gabanta tun yana ɗan shekaru 50 da haihuwa.
Wasu cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtuka da cututtukan da za a iya sarrafawa ana iya kawar da su. Wadannan sun hada da:
- Dyslipidemia. Wani cin zarafi ne ga mai mai, wanda akwai babban taro na cholesterol, LDL da triglycerides. Tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban cutar.
- Hawan jini. An nuna shi ta hanyar karuwa a matsin lamba na 140/90 mm Hg, wanda a tsawon lokaci yakan haifar da raguwa a cikin jijiyoyin jijiya da ƙarfin jijiya. Wannan bi da bi yana haifar da kyakkyawan yanayi na samuwar filaye.
- Cutar ciki da kamuwa da cuta. Cututtukan da ke haifar da cututtuka da maye daban-daban suna cutar da aikin jijiyoyin zuciya.
- Yawan kiba da ciwon suga. Kasancewar aƙalla ɗaya daga cikin cututtukan biyu na ƙara saurin kwasar haɓakar atheromatous sau 5-7. A cikin ciwon sukari, akwai take hakkin mai metabolism da raguwa da arteries.
Abubuwan da za'a iya zubar dasu sune waɗanda za'a iya kawar dasu da kansu ta hanyar daidaita salon rayuwarku.
Wadannan sun hada da:
- Mummunan halaye. Da farko dai, ya kamata a lura da shan sigari, saboda nicotine da mai guba suna cutar da jijiyoyin jini. Masu shaye-shaye tare da "ƙwarewa" suna iya fuskantar wahala daga hauhawar jini, hauhawar jini da cututtukan zuciya na ischemic. Yawan shan giya na yau da kullun kuma yana cutar da tsarin tasoshin jini.
- Rayuwa mara aiki. Hypodynamia yana tattare da rashin aiki a cikin metabolism da haɓaka mummunan ciwo - kiba, ƙwayar jijiyoyin bugun jini da ciwon sukari.
Rukunin rukuni guda sun haɗa da halayen cin abincin da ba daidai ba. Yin amfani da abinci na yau da kullun, abinci mai ƙiba, ƙoshin abinci da adanawa yana ƙaruwa da damar tashin hankalin ƙwayoyin cuta mai narkewa.
Rarrabuwa da alamun cutar
Yayin da ilimin haɓaka ya haɓaka, ya kamata a rarrabe wani asymptomatic da lokacin asibiti. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa alamun farko na cutar sun bayyana ne kawai lokacin da ake rufe kashi 50% na ƙwayar jijiya. An rarraba cutar bisa ga tasoshin da abin ya shafa.
Kwayar cutar atherosclerosis kuma ta bambanta sosai.
| Yaran (abubuwan da aka shafa) | Kwayar cutar |
| Jirgin ruwa na Coronary | Raunin ciwo na ciwo, matsi da ƙona halayen a cikin sternum. Wani lokacin yakan yi rawar jiki zuwa goshin hannu na hagu, rakoda kafada, ko cikin hannu duka. Abun ciki na maƙarƙashiya, kirji a lokacin lalacewa-ƙarewa, angina pectoris, kumburi na amai ko tashin zuciya, rikicewa, goosebumps, haɓaka sweating, ciwon baya da rashin jin daɗi a cikin ƙananan muƙamuƙi, tawaya. |
| Form na Aortic | Zuciyar bugun zuciya, tinnitus, gazawar numfashi, ciwon kai, matsanancin amai a kai da wuya, rauni, rauni, kara zube, gajiya, tsalle a cikin karfin jini, tashin zuciya da amai. |
| Stenosing atherosclerosis na brachiocephalic arteries | Rashin haske yayin canza matsayi, kasancewar “maki da kwari” a gaban idanun, wahayin gani, gajeriyar yanayi, ciwon kai, ƙarancin kafafu da makamai. |
| Jirgin ruwa | Haɗakar jini cikin fitsari, urin wahalar ciki, amai da tashin zuciya, jin zafi a cikin ƙananan baya da ciki, ƙarancin potassium a cikin jini. A kan tushen atherosclerosis na koda na koda, gazawar koda, interstitial nephritis, lalata atheromatous ga kwakwalwa da ci gaban zuciya. |
| Jirgin ruwa na cerebral (atherosclerosis na mahaifa) | Ciwon kai wanda ba daidai bane, tinnitus ko ringing, gajiya, rashin bacci, tashin hankali, damuwa, canjin hali, daidaituwar daidaituwa, magana mara kyau, numfashi da abinci. |
| Shafe kansa daga cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙananan gwiwa da na babba | Jin jin sanyi a kafafu da hannaye, pallor na fata, jin "goosebumps", asarar gashi a kafafu da hannaye, cakuduwa ta wucin gadi, zafin kafa, rauni a farji, necrosis nama, redness na wata gabar jiki, kumburi. |
Sakamakon ci gaban cuta
Tunda bugun jini na atherosclerosis baya bayyana kansa ta kowace hanya na dogon lokaci, yana iya gabatar da sakamako mai yawa ga mai shi.
Ya kamata a lura cewa rikice-rikice na irin wannan cutar sau da yawa suna da mummunan faɗi.
Mafi sau da yawa, saboda ci gaban atherosclerosis, marasa lafiya suna fama da cututtukan da ke gaba:
- cututtukan zuciya da na jijiyoyin jini;
- Taron ischemic na dan lokaci (mummunar zubar da jini ga kwakwalwa ko kwayar ido);
- karancin lalacewa;
- bugun jini ko bugun zuciya;
- wani maganin cutar mai da aoicic aneurysm (mafita ita ce maganin tiyata);
- rashin cin nasara na koda
- ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ko rashin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta na sakandare;
- necrosis na wata gabar jiki ko hanjin ciki (kawai mafita shine yanki).
An taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin lura da atherosclerosis ta hanyar ganewar asali. In ba haka ba, cutar ta ƙunshi matsaloli da yawa, gami da Ciwon zuciya na Ischemic.
Sau da yawa tare da lahani mai yawa ga yanki da babban jirgin ruwa, sakamako na mutuwa yana faruwa.
Ciplesa'idoji don gano cutar atherosclerosis
Da farko dai, masanin ilimin zuciya yana sauraron korafin mai haƙuri, tattara bayanan tarihin likita da abubuwan haɗari.
Cutar ana nuna ta alamun kamar kumburi, canje-canje trophic, asarar nauyi, kasancewar wen a jiki, hauhawar jini da canji a cikin bugun jini.
Bayyanar cututtuka na atherosclerosis ya haɗa da jerin hanyoyin.
Wadannan sun hada da:
- Binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje. Cutar na nuna karuwar yawan cholesterol, LDL da triglycerides a cikin jini.
- Aortography. Tare da atherosclerosis, tare da taimakon wannan binciken, yana yiwuwa a tsayar da lissafi, elongation da calcification na aorta. Hakanan za'a iya haifar da rashin ƙarfi da yaɗuwar jini a cikin yankin thoracic ko ciki shima zai yiwu.
- Coronography Ana gudanar da gwaje-gwaje tare da canje-canje atheromatous a cikin tasoshin jijiyoyin jini.
- Angiography. Ta hanyar gabatar da bambancin matsakaici da ɗaukar hoto, yana yiwuwa a bincika yanayin tasoshin ƙananan ƙarshen.
- Dopplerography (Doppler duban dan tayi) na tasoshin renal. Wannan hanyar tana taimakawa ko tabbatar da kasancewar wasu bangarorin atheromatous a cikin kananan jijiyoyin koda.
- Duban dan tayi na jijiyoyin ƙasan ƙananan hanji, zuciya da aorta. Taimakawa gano alluran atherosclerotic, kasancewar ƙwanƙwasa jini da rage yawan wadatar jini.
Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da reovasography na ƙananan ƙarshen. An wajabta shi a cikin lokuta mafi ƙima don tantance yanayin zagayon jini.
Likita da tiyata
Ba shi yiwuwa a murmure daga atherosclerosis sau ɗaya kuma ga duk: wannan ilimin yana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman.
Farfaɗar da cutar ta saukake ta iyakance yawan ƙwayar cholesterol tare da abinci, haɓaka hanyoyin haɓakawa a cikin jikin mutum, ɗaukar estrogen a yayin menopause kuma yana shafar abubuwanda ke haifar da kamuwa da cuta.
Magungunan ƙwayar cuta na ilimin cututtukan cuta ya haɗa da ƙungiyoyi da yawa na magunguna masu tasiri.
A kan aiwatar da magani ana amfani:
- Fibrates magunguna ne masu rage yawan kitse. Awararren masani ne kaɗai zai iya zaɓin magani, tunda akwai haɗarin cutar hepatic da cholelithiasis.
- Niacin da kayan aikinta sune magungunan da ake amfani dasu don rage cholesterol da triglycerides, haka kuma suna kara HDL. Wannan rukuni na kwayoyi suna contraindicated a cikin hanta pathologies.
- Statins sune magungunan da aka fi amfani dasu a cikin yaki da atherosclerosis da sauran cututtukan da ke hade da babban cholesterol. Hanyar aiwatar da aiki shine rage yawan abubuwan da jikinta yayi.
- Mai ɗaukar matakan LCD magunguna ne waɗanda suke ɗauka kuma suna tsabtace hanji daga ƙwayoyin bile. A sakamakon wannan, yawan raguwar lipids da cholesterol an rage sosai. Daga cikin halayen da ba a dace ba, ana bambanta haɓakar gas da maƙarƙashiya.
A matsayin ƙarin magani, likita na iya tsara magunguna waɗanda ke kunshe da omega-6 da omega-3 polyunsaturated mai mai, abubuwan maye, da kuma abubuwan bitamin-ma'adinai.
Tare da babban haɗarin haɗarin artery, faranti ko makarar jinin haila don hanyoyin tiyata.
Tare da atherosclerosis, ana yin waɗannan ayyukan:
- Endarterectomy - ɓarnain wani ɓoloƙin plalestrol tare da yanki na bangon jirgin ruwa mai lalacewa.
- Rashin tiyata - lalata ruwan jirgin ruwa ta amfani da catheter na balloon bayan sai an sanya saitin abin a yankin da ya ke toka.
Kari akan haka, ana amfani da kayan aikin jijiyoyin bugun zuciya - maganin da ke hana haɓaka ta hanyar lalata mahaifa.
Hasashen annabta da matakan kariya
Tare da bincike na lokaci-lokaci game da tasoshin jini, alamu da lura da atherosclerosis, hangen nesa na iya zama tabbatacce. Yarda da abinci na musamman da rayuwa mai aiki yana nufin hana samuwar sababbin filayen atheromatous da karfafa tasoshin.
Bayyanan bayyanannen lamuran da ke tattare da zubar da jini ga gabobi da samuwar wuraren necrotic yana nuna tabarbarewa a cikin yanayin mai haƙuri da kuma hangen nesa.
Matsayi mai mahimmanci a cikin magance cutar ana yin shi ta hanyar abincin hypocholesterol. Dangane da shawarwari, menu mai haƙuri ya kamata ya ƙunshi samfuran masu zuwa:
- nama mai kitse da kayan abinci na kifi;
- kayayyakin lactic acid masu kitse;
- kifayen kayan lambu;
- hatsi mai arziki a cikin zaren ɗabi'a;
- koren shayi, ba suda mara gurbata abinci, uzvar;
- raw 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan marmari, berries da ganye.
A lokaci guda, dole ne a cire abincin da ke haɓaka cholesterol daga abincin:
- pickled, soyayyen, salted da kyafaffen jita-jita.
- atsyan dabbobin (kirim mai tsami, man alade, tsami);
- nama mai kitse da kifi;
- offal (kwakwalwa, hanta);
- kwai yolks;
- farin burodi, yin burodi, kayan lemo;
- cakulan, da wuri, Sweets;
- abinci mai dacewa da abinci mai sauri;
- kofi mai ƙarfi da shayi, soda mai zaki;
- kayayyakin kiwo tare da mai mai yawa% mai.
Yana da mahimmanci a taƙaita cin gishiri a cikin abincin yau da kullun. Dokar da aka ba da shawarar ta wuce gram 5 a kowace rana. Lokacin cin abinci mai yawa mai gishiri, yawan ruwa a jiki yana ƙaruwa, yana haɓaka hawan jini, wanda hakan ke cutar da tasoshin.
Don hana cholesterol mai girma, yana da kyau a ci kore apples, innabi, kankana, Quince da daji strawberries a kan komai a ciki.
A cikin yaƙar atherosclerosis, linseed oil yana da wadataccen abinci mai yawa na polyunsaturated mai da bitamin. A ranar an ba shi damar sha 2 tbsp. l mai a kan komai ciki, an wanke shi da ruwa.
Akwai kuma babban adadin magungunan jama'a da ake amfani da su don yin rigakafi da magani na atherosclerosis. Koyaya, kafin amfani dasu, shawara mai mahimmanci na likita kwararru wajibi ne.
Yadda za a kula da atherosclerosis na tasoshin zai gaya wa gwani a cikin bidiyo a wannan labarin.
