Atherosclerosis da cututtukan ciki: dangantaka

Atherosclerosis da cututtukan ciki da ke hade da tsarin jijiyoyin jini yawanci ana gano su nan da nan.

An bayyana wannan sabon abu ne ta hanyar cewa cin zarafin lipid da furotin mai gina jiki yakan zama sanadiyyar hakan ko kuma sanadiyyar duk wata cuta ta zuciya.

Saboda haka, farkon gano cutar atherosclerosis yana taka muhimmiyar rawa - tsari mai rikitarwa, saboda Pathology a farkon kusan ba ya bayyana kansa.

Matakan ci gaba da kuma haifar da cututtukan atherosclerosis

Tare da atherosclerosis, akwai tarin cholesterol da gutsutsutsun ƙwayar lipid a tsakiyar da choroid na ciki, sakamakon abin da aka sanya salts na kalsam akan bututun matsakaici da babban sihiri da kuma ƙwayar haɗi.

Alamun farko na atherosclerosis suna bayyana lokacin da jijiyoyin jini ke toshe fiye da rabin.

Alamomin cutar sun dogara ne da yankin jiragen ruwan da abin ya shafa.

Abin al'ada ne a raba matakai uku na ci gaban ilimin cuta.

Na farko shine haɓakar fatima - a baya alama ce ta cutar. Yana tasowa sakamakon tara ƙwayoyin macrophages da ƙwayoyin tsoka mai santsi, waɗanda a cikin ɗayansu suka tara lipids. A kwana a tashi, yankin mai yakan fara aiki, amma kasancewar sa ba koyaushe yana nuna cewa mutum ba shi da lafiya ne da cutar atherosclerosis. Ko da a cikin jarirai, ana lura da kitsen mai a cikin tasoshin tare da diamita na 1-2 mm.

Na biyun shine girma da filayen fibrous wanda ke cikin rufin ciki. Ya ƙunshi esters da lu'ulu'u mai ƙarfi, wanda shine babban laushi, da kuma ƙananan ƙwayoyin lipid - ƙaƙƙarfan kwalliya. Thearfafa filayen fibrous yana haifar da taƙaita ƙarancin ƙwayar jijiya. Cholesterol yana fitowa daga jini, yana tarawa a jikin bangon jirgin.

Na uku - kasancewar rikice-rikice masu rikice-rikice - mataki na ƙarshe a cikin ci gaban atherosclerosis. Yana bayyana tare da raguwa da kauri daga kahon kwalliya na ajiyar ajiyar fibrous kasa da micron 65, da kuma faruwar microcracks da rauni a farfajiya. Wannan ya haɗu da abin da aka makala na platelet ga maganin kawanya, wanda ke haifar da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar jini, bugun jini, bugun zuciya da sauran cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da kewayawar jini ko kuma cikakkiyar katsewa a cikin jijiya.

Ana ɗaukar tushen adana atheromatous tsari ne na halitta, amma akwai wasu dalilai da zasu iya rage shi ko haɓaka.

Patanatomi ya haɗa da irin waɗannan dalilai:

1. Jinsi da shekaru. Wannan cuta tana haɓakawa a cikin maza sau 3-4 fiye da mata. Haka kuma, alamun farko a cikin maza sun bayyana ne tun yana da shekaru 45, kuma mace - fara daga shekaru 55.
2. Halittu Ya ƙunshi dalilai kamar ayyukan tsarin rigakafi, kasancewar cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan jini da matakan haɓaka.
3. Mummunan halaye. Mafi haɗari ga tsarin zuciya shine shan sigari, kamar yadda Kowane sigari yana ɗauke da adadin sinadarin nicotine da tarma mai lahani. Ba za ku iya shayar da shi tare da barasa ba, kodayake 100 g na bushe giya a abincin dare shine kyakkyawan rigakafin cutar hawan jini.

Bugu da kari, sanadin canje-canje na cututtukan cututtukan cuta na iya zama kasancewar ƙarancin nauyi.

Kiba mai yawa yana haifar da cututtuka da yawa - atherosclerosis, ciwon sukari, da sauransu, sabili da haka, kuna buƙatar daidaita nauyin jiki.

Babban nau'in atherosclerosis

Akwai nau'ikan cututtukan da yawa.

Mafi na kowa shi ne rarrabewar atherosclerosis, gwargwadon wurin cutar da tasoshin jini na atheromatous.

Siffofin cutar suna bayyana gabaɗaya da tsarin.

An bambanta nau'ikan atherosclerosis:

• Atherosclerosis na tasoshin jijiyoyin jini, galibi ana bayyana shi ta hanyar ciwon zuciya. Sakamakon lalacewar arteries na zuciya, yaduwar iskar oxygen zuwa myocardium. A sakamakon haka, ci gaba da Pathology yana haifar da angina pectoris, bugun zuciya, cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini har ma da mutuwar zuciya kwatsam.
• Tsarin aortic shine rauni ne na babbar babbar jijiya a jiki - aorta. Samuwar ƙwayoyin cholesterol yana shafar aikin dukkan gabobin da tsarin.
• Atherosclerosis daga cikin tasoshin koda. Daga cikin alamun cutar, jin zafi yayin urination, kasancewar jini a cikin fitsari, hare-hare na amai da tashin zuciya ya kamata a haskaka. Haɓaka cutar ta ƙunshi hauhawar jini da rashin nasara na koda.
• Atherosclerosis na tasoshin cerebral. Brainwaƙwalwa tana ɗayan manyan hanyoyin haɗin jijiya na tsakiya, sabili da haka, yunwar oxygen na wannan sashin yana haifar da mummunan sakamako, alal misali, bugun jini ko harin ischemic na kusa.
• Shafe kansa daga cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙananan gwiwa da na babba. A farkon, alamomi kamar asarar gashi a kafafu da hannaye, redness na yatsunsu, jin zafi, wata gabar jiki, da dai sauransu ana iya ganin bayyananniyar bayyananniyar yanayin wannan nau'in atherosclerosis shine bayyanar juna da kuma necrosis na kasusuwa na nama (gangrene).
• Atherosclerosis na ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa mai ƙwaƙwalwa wanda ke ciyar da hanji. Babban bayyanar cutar shine hare-hare na kashin ciki - zafin ciki na ciki. Hadarin shine thrombosis daga cikin rassan jijiyoyin jini tare da necrosis na bangon hanji da kulawar.

Ko da wane irin nau'in cutar, alamu na waje na cututtukan jijiyoyin bugun jini na atheromatous na iya bayyana:

1. xanthomas - fasali mai kama da "tubercles" waɗanda suke a cikin yanki na haɗin gwiwa da jijiyoyin jiki;
2. senile arch - bayyanar ratsi rawaya a gefen cornea.

Bugu da kari, xanthelasms na iya bayyana - samuwar rafuffuka masu launin shuda akan fatar, yawanci suna da yanayin sikeli, sakamakon ajiyar cholesterol da triglycerides.

Iri Hyperlipidemia na Fredrickson

Hyperlipidemia wani yanki ne na yau da kullun na lipids da lipoproteins a cikin jini na jini.

Wannan cuta ita ce babban dalilin ci gaban cututtukan zuciya, gami da atherosclerosis.

Hypercholesterolemia - Cututtukan Al'aura

Hypercholesterolemia a hankali wata cuta ce wacce ba cuta ba ce. Rather'a, ƙa'idodi ne don haɓakar wasu cututtuka.

Hypercholesterolemia yana da alaƙa da babban ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar plasma. Tsarin karatun firamare da sakandare na wannan ciwo an rarrabe su.

An rarraba hypercholesterolemia na farko zuwa nau'ikan da yawa:

• Iyali A zuciyar ci gabanta shine matsala a cikin aiki na masu karɓar LDL. Haka kuma, ana lura da tsarin homozygotes tare da yawan 1 a cikin miliyan 1. A cikin marasa lafiya, yawan ƙwayar cholesterol ya bambanta daga 15 zuwa 31 mmol / L. A mafi yawancin halayen, cututtukan zuciya na zuciya suna tasowa har zuwa shekaru 20.
• Polygenic. Yana bayyana kanta a sakamakon halayen rashin cin abinci mara kyau ko kiba akasari game da jarabar giya. Cakuda cholesterol a cikin jini na jini yana daga 6 zuwa 8 mmol / L. A cikin marasa lafiya da cututtukan zuciya na zuciya na faruwa kafin shekaru 60.
• An hada dangi. Wannan ƙananan tallafin yana tasowa ne kawai a cikin 1-2% na bil'adama.

Secondary hypercholesterolemia wani ciwo ne wanda ke faruwa tare da cututtukan koda, ciwon sukari mellitus (nau'in I da nau'in II), cututtukan jini, cututtukan hanji, cututtukan hanta, kiba, da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na biliary.

Wannan nau'i yana faruwa sau da yawa fiye da na farko.

Jiyya da rigakafin cutar

Ba za a iya warkar da cutar atherosclerosis gaba daya ba, amma zai yuwu a dakatar da ajiye kwalliyar cholesterol tare da gano lokaci da magani.

Matakan hanyoyin bincike don zargin atherosclerosis sun hada da tarihin likita, gwajin farko na mara lafiya, dakin gwaje-gwaje da hanyoyin bincike. Daga cikin manyan gwaje-gwaje na dakin gwaje-gwaje, an bambanta yawan cholesterol da atherogenicity. Hanyoyin bincike na yau da kullun sun hada da angiography, coronography, aortography, ultrasound na renal arteries, resovasography da duban dan tayi.

A cikin 80% na lokuta, maganin ƙwayar cuta yana taimakawa kawar da alamun cutar da hana mummunan sakamako. Likita ya tsara waɗannan magunguna:

1. Statins sune magungunan da suka shahara wajen lura da cutar atherosclerosis. Ayyukansu suna nufin rage ayyukan hanta a cikin samar da cholesterol. Misalan irin waɗannan kwayoyi sune rosuvastatin da atorvastatin.
2. Littattafan LCD waɗanda ke hana aiki na ƙwayar bile acid a hanta. Magunguna masu tasiri sune Colesevelam da Colestyramine. Sakamakon amfani da jerin abubuwan LCD, yawan ƙwayar cholesterol yana ƙaruwa don tabbatar da tsarin narkewar al'ada.
3. Fibrates magunguna ne da ke lalata triglycerides, ta haka ne ke tabbatar da samar da abinci mai gina jiki. A cikin kantin magani zaka iya siyan kaya, misali, Trikor ko Atromid.
4. Niacin magani ne wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen magance cututtukan atherosclerosis. Yana haifar da tasirin antispasmodic da vasodilator, amma baya rage kiba. Kwayoyi masu ɗauke da sinadarin nicotinic acid suna cikin kwayar cutar sankara, da cututtukan ƙwayar hanta da hanta.

A cikin maganganun ci gaba, an wajabta tiyata. Ana magana da angioplasty zuwa ƙananan hanyoyin da ba a daɗewa ba, kuma ana kiran su jijiyoyin bugun zuciya da ƙwanƙwasawa zuwa hanyoyin lalata.

Don kulawa da rigakafin atherosclerosis, dole ne a lura da abinci mai mahimmanci na musamman. Zai fi kyau a bi abincin da ke da karancin abinci mai ɗauke da ƙwayoyi. Ya ware amfani da irin wadannan kayayyaki:

• nama mai kitse da kayan abinci na kifi;
• cakulan, muffin, kek da farin gurasa;
• pickles, pickled da kyafaffen jita-jita.
• kayayyakin madara mai mai yawa;
• saukaka abinci, abinci mai sauri, trans fats;
• kofi mai karfi da baƙar fata, shayi.

Madadin haka, abincin ya sami wadataccen abinci tare da nau'ikan mai mai mai da kifi, ganye, kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa, samfuran lactic acid mai ƙarancin abinci, gurasar launin ruwan kasa da hatsi iri-iri.

An bayyana tasirin atherosclerosis akan gabobin ciki a cikin bidiyon a wannan labarin.