Rashin damuwa na endocrine da ke tattare da rikice-rikice na rayuwa da kuma haifar da tara glucose a cikin jini sune halayen cuta kamar su mellitus diabetes.
Ya danganta da dalilai na haɓakar matakin sukari da kuma buƙatar yin amfani da allurar insulin, ana bambanta insulin-da-insulin-da-da-insulin-da-da-da-da-da-da-da-da-da.
Sanadin Ciwon sukari
Ciwon sukari da ke dogaro da insulin yana da lambar ICD na 10 - E 10. Wannan nau'in cutar ana samun shi ne musamman a lokacin ƙuruciya, lokacin da alamun farko suka bayyana kuma aka gano cutar-type 1 diabetes.
A wannan yanayin, ƙwayoyin cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan fata da jiki ya lalata sun daina samar da insulin. Wannan hormone ne wanda ke sarrafa tsari na daukar glucose da ke fitowa daga abinci a cikin nama da kuma canza shi zuwa makamashi.
Sakamakon haka, sukari yana haɓaka cikin jini kuma yana iya haifar da hyperglycemia. Marasa lafiya da ke ɗauke da ciwon sukari na 1 suna buƙatar allura na yau da kullun na insulin. In ba haka ba, haɓakar glucose na iya haifar da rashin daidaituwa.
A nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, ana samar da hormone isa, amma sel sun daina sanin kwayar halittar, a sakamakon wanda ba ya shan glucose kuma matakinsa ya hau. Wannan ilimin aikin likita baya buƙatar allurar hormonal kuma ana kiran shi da cututtukan da ba na insulin ba. Irin wannan nau'in ciwon sukari yana tasowa sau da yawa bayan shekaru 40-45.
Dukkan nau'ikan cutar guda biyu marasa lafiya ne kuma suna buƙatar gyaran rai na yawan sukari a cikin jini don jin daɗi da rayuwa ta al'ada. Tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, ana gudanar da magani tare da allunan rage sukari, karuwa a cikin aikin jiki da tsayayyen abinci.
Ana daukar nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari alama ce ta rashin ƙarfi kuma mafi haɗari ga rikicewarta. Matakan rashin lafiyar da ke haifar da rashin daidaituwa suna haifar da canje-canje masu lalacewa a cikin tsarin halittar jini da haɓaka gazawar koda. Wannan shine babban dalilin karuwar mace-mace a cikin masu fama da cutar siga.
Abubuwan da ke haifar da raguwar jijiyar ƙwayoyin sel zuwa insulin kuma dalilin da yasa jiki ya fara lalata ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta har yanzu ana bincike, amma irin waɗannan abubuwan da ke ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban cutar ana iya rarrabe su:
- Jinsi da tsere. An lura cewa mata da wakilan launin fata sun fi fuskantar wahala daga cutar sankara.
- Abubuwan gado. Mafi muni, a cikin iyayen da ba shi da lafiya, yaron zai kuma sha wahala daga ciwon sukari.
- Canjin ciki. Wannan yana bayanin ci gaban cutar a cikin yara da mata masu juna biyu.
- Cirrhosis na hanta da kuma cututtukan hanji.
- Activityarancin motsa jiki yana haɗuwa tare da rikicewar abinci, shan sigari da barasa.
- Kiba mai yawa, haifar da lalacewar jijiyoyin jiki.
- Amincewa da maganin hana haihuwa, glucocorticoids, beta-blockers da sauran kwayoyi.
- Cutar cushin Cushing, hauhawar jini, cututtuka.
Cutar sankarau sau tari tana faruwa a cikin mutane bayan bugun jini kuma ana gano ta cataracts da angina pectoris.
Yaya za a lura da alamun farko?
Alamar farko na ciwon sukari iri ɗaya ce a cikin iri daban-daban, kawai an ambace su da nau'in 1:
- rashin iya shayar da ƙishirwa; masu ciwon sukari na iya shan ruwa har zuwa lita 6 na ruwa kowace rana;
- wuce gona da iri;
- urination akai-akai da yawan fitsari.
Furtherarin gaba, tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1, ana ganin ƙarin alamun:
- wari da dandano na acetone;
- bushewa a cikin bakin;
- rage karfin ikon haifar da raunuka fata;
- asarar nauyi kwatsam da kara rauni;
- tashin hankali na barci da hare-haren migraine;
- mai saukin kamuwa da cututtukan fungal da colds;
- rashin ruwa a jiki;
- rage aiki na gani;
- karfin jini;
- itching da peeling na fata.
Tare da nau'in cuta ta 2, ana lura da alamun guda ɗaya, ban da warin acetone. Tare da wannan nau'in cutar, jikin ketone ba su da tsari, wanda ke ba da ƙanshin halayyar.
Ma'anar da ka'idodin maganin insulin
A cikin cututtukan mellitus, tsarin shan sukari a cikin sel yana rikicewa, tunda insulin a cikin jiki ƙarami ne ko ƙwayoyin sun yi watsi da shi. A farkon maganar, dole ne a gabatar da kwayar cutar a jiki ta hanyar allura.
Amma kashi ya kamata yayi daidai da adadin glucose da aka kwato daga abincin da aka ci. Yawancin insulin da ya wuce kima ko rashin isasshen maganin zai iya haifar da cutar sikari ko hyperglycemia.
Carbohydrates sune tushen glucose kuma yana da muhimmanci a san nawa daga cikinsu suke shiga cikin jini bayan kowace abinci don neman madaidaicin sashin maganin. Hakanan wajibi ne don auna taro na sukari a cikin jini kafin kowane abinci.
Zai fi dacewa ga masu ciwon sukari su riƙe rubutaccen bayani na musamman inda suke shigar da bayanan glucose kafin da bayan abinci, yawan adadin carbohydrates da aka ci da kuma sinadarin insulin.
Mecece abincin burodi?
Ana lissafta kashi na hormone dangane da adadin carbohydrates da aka cinye lokacin abinci. Masu ciwon sukari suna buƙatar ƙidaya carbohydrates don kula da rage cin abinci.
Abubuwan carbohydrates masu sauri ne kawai ake lissafta, waɗanda suke sha da sauri kuma suna haifar da tsalle-tsalle a cikin glucose. Don dacewa, akwai irin wannan a matsayin kayan abinci.
Don cin carbohydrates a 1 XE yana nufin amfani da adadin adadin carbohydrates wanda aka samo a cikin rabin yanki na gurasa 10 mm lokacin farin ciki ko 10 g.
Misali, 1 XE yana cikin:
- gilashin madara;
- 2 tbsp. l maski dankali;
- dankalin turawa matsakaici;
- 4 tablespoons na vermicelli;
- 1 orange
- gilashin kvass.
Ya kamata a ɗauka a cikin zuciya cewa sukari zai haɓaka abinci mai ruwa da sauri fiye da waɗanda suke da yawa kuma 1 XE ya ƙunshi ƙasa da nauyi mara abinci mai ɗanɗano (hatsi, taliya, legumes) fiye da waɗanda aka dafa.
Yawan halatta na XE kowace rana ya bambanta da shekaru, misali:
- a shekaru 7 kuna buƙatar 15 XE;
- 14 - yara maza 20, yan mata 17 XE;
- a shekara 18 - yara maza 21, yan mata 18 XE;
- manya 21 XE.
Ba za ku iya cin abinci ba 6-7 XE a lokaci guda.
Masu ciwon sukari ya kamata su bincika matakan glucose kafin kowane abinci. Game da karancin sukari, zaku iya wadatar da abinci mai-carbohydrate, kamar hatsi na ruwa. Idan matakin ya daukaka, to kuna buƙatar zaɓar abinci mai ƙura mai ƙura da ƙasa (sandwich, qwai mai narkewa).
Don 10 g na carbohydrates ko 1 XE, ana buƙatar raka'a 1.5-4. hormone insulin. Yawan yana bambanta da lokacin shekara da lokacin rana. Don haka, da maraice, kashi na insulin ya kamata ya zama ƙasa, kuma da safe yana buƙatar ƙara ƙaruwa. A lokacin rani, zaku iya shigar unitsan raka'a na hormone, kuma a cikin hunturu yawan kashi dole ne ya ƙaru.
Ta hanyar bin waɗannan ka'idodin, za a iya hana buƙatar ƙarin allura.
Wanne hormone ne mafi kyau?
Ana gudanar da jijiyoyin cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cutar insulin na insulin na kowane nau'in ta amfani da kwayoyin halittun asalin daban-daban:
- hormone na mutum;
- hormone samar da baƙin ƙarfe alade;
- ciki.
Halittar mutum yana wajaba a gyara matakan glucose a cikin irin wadannan halaye:
- ciwon sukari yayin daukar ciki;
- ciwon sukari tare da rikitarwa;
- type 1 ciwon sukari da farko gano a cikin yaro.
Lokacin zabar wane hormone ya fi so, yana da kyau a kula da ƙididdigar lissafin daidai na adadin maganin. Kawai akan wannan ya dogara da sakamako na magani, kuma ba akan asalin ba.
Short insulins sun hada da:
- Humalogue;
- Aiki;
- Insulrap;
- Iletin P Homorap.
Sakamakon irin waɗannan kwayoyi suna faruwa a cikin kwata na awa daya bayan allura, amma ba ya daɗe, 4-5 hours. Dole ne a yi irin wannan inje kafin cin abinci, wani lokacin kuma tsakanin abinci, idan sukari ya hau. Dole ne a kiyaye wadatar da insulin a koyaushe.
Bayan minti 90, daskararru masu matsakaici sun fara aiki:
- Semilong;
- NM Semilent da MS.
Bayan awanni 4, akwai kololuwa a cikin ingancin su. Wannan nau'in insulin ya dace idan babu isasshen lokacin karin kumallo kuma abincin yana jinkirta cikin lokaci daga allura.
Kuna iya amfani da wannan zaɓi kawai tare da sanin amintacce game da menene kuma menene za a ci da kuma menene yawan carbohydrate a cikin wannan abincin. Bayan haka, idan kun makara tare da abincin, to wataƙila glucose tana ƙasa da matakin karɓa, kuma idan aka ci karin carbohydrates, to kuna buƙatar sake yin allura.
Abubuwan da ke cikin dogon lokaci sun fi dacewa da gudanarwa da safe da maraice.
Wadannan sun hada da:
- Humulin N;
- Protafan;
- Tef;
- Homophane;
- Monotard NM da MS;
- Iletin Mon
Wadannan kwayoyin suna aiki sosai fiye da awanni 14 kuma sun fara yin awoyi 3 bayan allura.
A ina kuma yaushe ne suke yin allura?
Matsayi don magance ciwon sukari da ke dogaro da insulin ya dogara ne da haɗarin injections na insulin daban-daban na ayyukan domin a maimaita haɓakar asalin halittar da ƙwayar cuta ta kansa.
Yawancin lokaci, gajere da dogon insulin ana allura kafin karin kumallo, wani ɗan gajere kafin abincin ƙarshe, da in allurai masu tsawo. A cikin wata kwayar, ana yin insulin aiki a cikin sutra kuma da daddare, kuma ana amfani da gajeren lokacin haila kafin kowane abinci.
Don gabatarwar insulin, an rarraba bangarori 4.
- Yankin ciki ya shimfiɗa a ɓangarorin biyu na cibiya, yana ɗaukar bangarorin. Wannan yanki ana daukar shi mafi inganci, amma kuma mafi raɗaɗi. Bayan allura a cikin ciki, fiye da 90% na allurar allura ana tunawa.
Kwayar ta fara aiki mintina 1515 bayan allura, ana jin girman tasirin bayan awa daya. Don rage jin zafi, zai fi dacewa a yi allurar fata a gefen bangarorin. - Yankin hannayen hannu yana shafar waje na gwiwar hannu daga gwiwar hannu zuwa kafada. Wannan yankin yana da matukar wahala don gudanar da aikin kansa na sirinji tare da sirinji. Ya kamata ku sayi alkalami ko neman taimako daga dangi. Amma fannin hannayen hannu shine mafi ƙarancin kulawa, allurar ba zata haifar da ciwo ba.
- Yankin cinya yana a waje na kafa daga gwiwa zuwa makwancin gwaiwa. A cikin ɓangarorin hannu da kafafu, ba fiye da 75% na hormone ba ya sha kuma yana farawa a cikin minti 60-90 daga lokacin gudanarwa. Zai fi kyau amfani da waɗannan wuraren don insulin na dogon lokaci.
- Yankin ruwan wuta shine mafi rashin dacewa da rashin aiki. Bayan allura a cikin baya, ƙasa da 40% na kashi mai sarrafawa yana shan.
Kwayar ta fara aiki mintina 1515 bayan allura, ana jin girman tasirin bayan awa daya. Don rage jin zafi, zai fi dacewa a yi allurar fata a gefen bangarorin.Matsakaicin da ya fi dacewa don yin allura shine yanki tsakanin yatsunsu 2 na cibiya. Kada ku cika farashi a wuri guda kowane lokaci. Wannan na iya haifar da raguwa a cikin fitsarin adipose nama a ƙarƙashin fata da tarawar insulin, wanda, da zarar ya fara aiki, zai tsokani ƙwanƙwasa jini. Yankunan allura suna buƙatar canzawa, a cikin mawuyacin hali, yi allura, tashi daga wurin aikin da ya gabata ta aƙalla 3-4 cm.
Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da irin wannan allurar: gajeren insulin an allura cikin ciki, kuma an daɗe ana allura cikin cinya. Ko ana amfani da shirye-shiryen motsa jiki masu hade, misali, Humalog mix.
Koyarwar bidiyo akan tsarin insulin:
Ciwon sukari mellitus cuta ce mai haɗari da rashin warkewa wacce ke buƙatar tsananin kulawa da duk shawarar likita, saka idanu a kai a kai game da sanya sukari a cikin jini da kuma cikakkiyar jituwa da jigilar insulin allurar. Haɗin duk waɗannan ayyuka ne kawai zai ba ku damar kiyaye cutar a cikin kulawa, hana haɓaka rikice-rikice da ƙara yawan tsammanin rayuwa.
