Bayyanar cututtuka da kuma bayyanar cutar kansa ta kansa

Zai yi wuya a lura da alamun cututtukan oncology, komai jikin da ya shafi, ba a bayyana alamun ba sau da yawa. Musamman idan yazo da cututtukan cututtukan hanji, alamun bayyanar su wanda a farkon matakan ba a jinsu. Ko da mutum ya kula da kansa sosai, wannan ba ya nufin kwata-kwata an tabbatar masa da rashin lafiya.

Koyaya, akwai wani abu kamar gano cutar kansa ta hanyar yin amfani da alamomin ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayar cuta, wanda ke ba ka damar bincikar cutar a matakai yayin da za a sami rai da lafiyar mai haƙuri.

Don wannan, ana buƙatar ɗan kaɗan - kawai kuna buƙatar lallasantar da kanku don ku zama abubuwan bincike, duk abin da jin wannan tunanin a cikin mutum (ba tukuna mai haƙuri ba) zai kwashe, ba tare da jiran bayyanar kansa don bayar da rahoton cutar ba.

Gland yana aiki a cikin jiki

Wannan sashin jiki ne da ke da madaidaici a cikin komai, yana kama da katin wasa: mace daga bisa - wata mace daga ƙasa, wa ya fi muhimmanci? Shin zai yiwu a zaɓi babban aikinsa biyu da aka yi a cikin jikin? A bangare guda, ruwa ne mai narkewa (pancreatic) wanda ke samar da tsari, a gefe guda, shine kirkirar rufin ciki, wanda yake sarrafa matakan sukari na jini da ƙari mai yawa.

Gudanar da inganci da kaddarorin jini baya iyakance ga aikin insulin.

Baya ga ꞵ sel waɗanda ke da alhakin samar da su, akwai kuma α sel waɗanda ke samar da kwayoyin halittu tare da suna daban da tsarin aiki.

Ana kiran shi glucagon, daidai yake da alhakin ingantaccen matakin glucose a cikin jini - amma matakin shine ingantacce ga yanayin rikicin.

Idan ana cikin hatsari, matsanancin damuwa (da hukuma aka ayyana ta da taken "buga ko gudu"), glucagon nan da nan yana samar da matakin glucose wanda yakamata a kula da gabobin jiki.

Yana haifar da haɗarin gaggawa daga hanta na hannun jari na glycogen - wani abu mai sauƙin canzawa zuwa glucose, wanda wadatarsa ​​ga kwakwalwa dole ne ya yanke jiki, kuma ga zuciya - wadata shi da abinci mai gina jiki yayin cika aiki.

A cikin halin da ake ciki na matsananciyar yunwar ko wani abinci mai saurin asara, glucagon kuma tana samarwa jiki abinci mai sauƙin narkewa.

Kasancewar δ-sel a cikin tsibiri na Langerhans wanda ke samar da sinadarin somatostatin yana bawa jiki damar toshe duk wasu karfin iko na huhun ciki (haɓakar haɓakar girma, wanda ke da girman jikin mutum) da glandon gland, yayin da yake amfani da “hormone yunwar” girrelin da yake samarwa, yana sarrafa ci.

Don haka, sinadarin farji suna tabbatar da lafiyar jiki ta hanyoyi guda biyu: yayin da ruwan 'pancreatic juice' yake lalata dunbin abinci, wanda yake fitowa daga ciki zuwa duodenum, zuwa cikin carbohydrates, fats da sunadarai, jinin da yake gudana ta jikinsa yana cike da sinadaran hormones wanda ke daidaita matakin metabolism da makamashi a jikin mutum.

Statisticsididdigar abin da ya faru

Samun lambar ta a cikin Cutar Cutar ta Kasa - lambar ICD 10 - C25, ciwon kansa yana da ƙididdigar sa.

A cewarta, hadarin kamuwa da cutar oncology yana ƙaruwa bayan ya kai shekaru 30 zuwa 50, ya zama mafi girman bayan shekaru 70.

Mafi yawan aka shafa:

• maza
• mazaunan megacities;
• iyali;
• masu shan sigari
• masu siyar da kayan maye.

Groupungiyar ta ƙarshe ta haɗa da waɗanda ke cinye barasa, ba wai kawai a cikin vodka, giya, giya ba, har ma da abubuwan da aka haɗa da sinadarai na kowane nau'i tare da abin da ke ciki.

Hadarin mutuwa yana da girma ga waɗanda ke fama da cututtuka, yana haifar da matsala ba wai kawai tare da jijiyoyin mahaifa ba, har ma tare da zuciya (tasoshin), metabolism, yanayin jini da haɗarin jini - a cikin marasa lafiya:

• cholelithiasis da urolithiasis;
• Kiba
• ciwon sukari mellitus;
• hauhawar jini na daban-daban etiologies;
• tare da dankowar jini mara nauyi (thrombophlebitis, varicose veins, basur).

Hagu a matsayi na 4 a cikin duniya dangane da mace-mace daga dukkan cututtukan cututtukan dabbobi na cututtukan dabbobi, cutar tana kama da al'umman wayewa, masana'antu.

Sanadin cutar

Babban abubuwanda ke haifar da cutar kansa shine giya da damuwa.

A matsayi na biyu akwai al'adun iyali na abinci: m, satiety wuce kima, tare da yalwar muffin, mai daɗi da wuya a hada samfuran.

Na uku yana da tabbaci ta hanyar sabbin kayan abinci da kayan abinci masu mahimmanci don kawar da kilo kilogram na sau da yawa kawai don jikin yana wanzuwa.

Baya ga waɗannan, mahimmancin yana girma:

• shan taba;
• cin abinci mai sauri;
• da yawa amfani da watsa shirye-shirye a cikin hanyar lantarki da sauran nau'ikan radiation;
• dadi da nutsuwa;
• amfani da fasahar da aka gwada lokaci-lokaci na sabuntawa da kiyaye bayyanar wasa;
• balaguro-balaguro da tafiye-tafiye na kasuwanci zuwa bangarorin lokaci da shimfida yanayi daban-daban.

Sabili da haka, bayyanar mutum na zamani da ya manyanta: ɗan wasa, mai nasara da sauƙin magance matsaloli masu tasowa, ba rabu da wayar ba, “shakatawa” ta hanyar shan sigari, matsakaici amma yawan shan giya da kuma jita-jita masu yawon shakatawa akan tafiye-tafiye a duniya na iya zama yaudarar da - tabbatar da cewa ya babu cutar kansa, a'a.

Bidiyo daga Dr. Malysheva:

Tsarin cuta

Ganin yadda mutum yake aiki da ayyukan jikinsa, akwai sassan incology na jikin mutum:

• da ilmin jikin mutum da na kayan tarihi na gabobin da abin ya shafa;
• ta hanyar bayyanar da cutar game da cutar.

Iri daban-daban

Ya danganta da abin da nama ya shafa, ana iya wakilta shi da nau'ikan waɗannan masu zuwa:

• mucinous cystadenocarcinoma wanda ya samo asali daga cututtukan glandular glandular;
• ƙarancin sel adenocarcinoma tare da lalata tsarin sihiri;
• ciwon daji na acinar;
• glandular-squamous, hada asalin sel duka ƙwayoyin guda biyu na gland, kuma daga sassan samar da enzymes;
• mai fita squamous daga tsarin duct;
• aditocarcinoma na ductal, wanda ke shafar sel da ke ruɓe;
• unifferentiated ciwon daji, mafi hatsari prognostically.

Kasancewar bangarorin da ke aiki da aikin endocrine suna haifar da abin da ya faru:

• glucagonomas (samar da adadin glucagon mai yawa);
• insulinomas (samar da insulin wuce haddi);
• gastrinomas (tare da hyperproduction na gastrin - wani hormone wanda ke motsa aikin ciki).

Ta hanyar ƙasa

Sakamakon rarrabuwar sassan jikin mutum zuwa bangarorin gabbai da aiki, ana rarrabe cutarwar:

• kawuna;
• wutsiya;
• jiki.

Bayyanar cututtuka da kuma bayyanar

Sun dogara da tsari, matakin ci gaba na cutar - kafin ko bayan bayyanar metastases, a kan kasancewar ko babu gamsuwa game da batun cuta (tushen da cutar ta tashi).

Ciwon kai na iya faruwa:

• raunin ciki - a cikin yankin na epigastric (epigastric) tare da yaduwa zuwa dama na hypochondrium da kuma ci gaba zuwa bayan baya;
• bayyanar ji na cikar ciki, nauyi a cikin babban ciki bayan cin abinci na yau da kullun ko ma karamin abinci;
• ƙarancin aiki da aka yi ta rauni, gajiya mara dalili, gajiya;
• asarar nauyi mara nauyi;
• bayyanar launin shuɗi ko launin shuɗi na wani ɓangaren reshe saboda samuwar suturar jini a cikin jijiyarta.

A cikin dare, tsananin zafin yana ƙaruwa, yana raunana ta hanyar ɗaukar wani matsayi: karkatar da jiki gaba ko lanƙwasa ƙafafu a gwiwoyi lokacin da suke kwance a baya.

Tare da ci gaba da cutar saboda karuwar ƙwayar hanta na kusa, alamun bayyanar kwayar halittar jikin wannan ya bayyana:

• jaundice, farawa da ɗan ƙanƙantar daɗuwar cutar, amma sannu a hankali ya isa zuwa ruwan launi mai launin kore-zaitun da dukkan fata mai haƙuri;
• tsananin fata "hanta" itching lalacewa ta hanyar sanya sallar bile a cikin fata;
• rashin fitar fitsari, duhunta zuwa launin ruwan giya, tare da sauyi sau biyu na feces.

Gina abinci a cikin oncology yana da halaye na kansa. Sakamakon karancin abinci da abin narkewa da ruwan lemonciko, canje-canjen halayyar jijiyoyin jiki sun bayyana - ya zama mai haske don ya haskaka, ruwa da sanya jijiyoyi. Rashin narkewar abinci ana bayyana shi ta hanyar tashin zuciya, amai, rashin tsoro, rashin cin abinci, ƙin abinci na nama da rashin haƙuri.

An bayyana batun wani kashin kansa na wutsiya ko jikin gangar jikinsa da lalacewar tsarin ayyukan hormonal:

• bayyanar cututtuka na ciwon sukari mellitus (babban kima da yawan urination, bushe baki, ƙishirwa);
• alamun glucagonoma, bayyanar da canji a cikin yanayin fata da mucous membranes na bakin (farfajiyar harshe yana “ƙugu” zuwa wani mai sheki, samun launi mai launin ja, fitowar fashewar abubuwa a kusurwar bakin, pallor na fata a hade tare da alamun eczema ko dermatitis - fitsari a kan hancin).

Hoton gastrinoma an bayyana shi:

• zafi na ciki bayan cin abinci;
• jin wani "sama", "tsaya" ciki;
• m (sannan kuma akai) zawo;
• kitse, feces mai yiwuwa daga bayan gida.

Baya ga takamaiman takamaiman, alamun gaba ɗaya suna bayyana a cikin alamun bayyanar halayyar cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na yau da kullun:

• zafi a saman ciki;
• kitse mai kitse;
• tashin zuciya
• canje-canje a cikin ci zuwa ƙi ko cikakken rashi;
• kara nauyi.

Sau da yawa sauƙin, ciwon daji na wannan gurɓataccen abu yana tare da kyakkyawar ji mai nauyi a cikin hypochondrium hagu, da kuma:

• rikicewar haila da raguwa sosai a cikin libido na mata (fitar jima'i);
• "tides", mai kama da menopause;
• cramps (ba tare da asarar hankali ba) a cikin kafafu da tsokoki na fuska;
• bayyanar fata a cikin nau'ikan abin da ya faru na lokaci-lokaci ja, aka ɗauka don rashin lafiyan, mai saurin warkar da raunuka, samuwar lahani na trophic - rauni a ƙafafu da ƙafa.

Bidiyo game da abubuwan da ke haifar da jiyya na cututtukan daji:

Matakan ci gaba

Yayin cutar, an rarrabe matakai 5 - daga mataki 0 ​​zuwa mataki na IV.

0-mataki - mataki idan cutar kansa ba ta bayyana kanta a kowace hanya, saboda maye gurbi sel ya fara kuma an kafa wannan hujja ne kawai ta hanyar bincike mai zurfi (CT ko duban dan tayi). Sashin da ke aiki a wannan matakin yana ba da tabbacin kashi 99% na fuskantar koma baya.

Mataki na da matakai biyu: IA da IB.

A cikin matakan IA, girman kumburin da ke ciki a cikin sashin jiki bai wuce 2 cm ba.Ya bayyana kanta gaba ɗaya ta hanyar tashin zuciya da gudawa tare da kuskure cikin abinci, sannan kuma kawai idan akwai matsawa na bututun da ke buɗe cikin duodenum.

Lokaci na IB shine ƙari ne wanda ya wuce diamita na 2 cm tare da ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin gland. Bayyanar cututtuka ana tantance wurin da kansa yake.

Idan yana cikin kai shi ne:

• zawo
• tashin zuciya
• jaundice
• tsaka-mai-wuya da mara jin ciwo a cikin hagu hypochondrium.

Ana nuna alamun ci gaban ilimin halittu a cikin wutsiya ko jikin gland shine yake nuna alamun gastrinoma, insulinoma ko glucagonoma.

Rashin kashi na II shima ya shiga cikin matakai A da B yana nuna sauyin ci gaban tsari: A lokaci ne da tumbi ke tsiro a waje cikin glandon (a cikin ductenum da duodenum), B shine farkon farawar ta hanyar ƙwayoyin kansa na ƙwayoyin tsohuwar ƙwayar cuta. Lossarancin nauyi, ƙwanƙwasa gudawa, zawo, yawanci ko ƙari mai zafi a cikin na uku na ciki ana haɗa su da alamun.

Matsayi na III lokaci ne na yaduwar ƙwayar cuta ta ƙetaren iyakokin ƙwayar ciki: zuwa cikin ciki, babban hanji, manyan tasoshin ƙazanta, saifa, da kuma kumburi mai mahimmanci na yanki.

Mataki na karshe, mataki na IV shine tsarin ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwayar cuta mai narkewa a cikin kwakwalwa, ovaries, kasusuwa da sauran gabobin da suke kwance, ba tare da ambaton huhu da hanta ba.

Alamun halayyar mashigar sun bayyana:

• ciwo mai ƙarfi a cikin babba na uku na ciki tare da shinge mai ƙarfi;
• jin wani nauyi saboda "rataye" na wani babban faɗaɗa hanta da kuma rauni a cikin wani wuri tsaye;
• painara yawan jin zafi lokacin bincika waɗannan gabobin (bi da bi dama da hagu na hypochondrium);
• alamun cututtukan ascites sune ke fashewa a cikin ciki.

Bayyanar mara lafiyar ana ma'anar da kalmar "ciwon kansa": pallor na fata tare da rufewar icteric a lokaci guda, "kwanciyar hankali" ciki, idanuwa mai zurfi da haɓaka zygomatic da sauran ƙasusuwa na kwanyar kwanyar, m karuwa a cikin kusan palpation na nono, hankulansuwar tunani tare da alamun rashin jin daɗi ko rashin tsoro.

Game da metastasis hanta ana nuna ta:

• m yellowness na sclera da fata;
• zub da jini da kuma bakin mucous na bakin;
• rashin fitar fitsari da feces (na farko - launin giya, na biyu - farin yumbu);
• ascites;
• ƙanshi mai ɗorewa daga bakin mai haƙuri.

Kasancewar: metastases kwakwalwa

• halayyar rashin isa;
• halayen mutum;
• rikicewar magana (ta zama mara fahimta) da sautunan hanci;
• asymmetries na fuska;
• rauni na hangen nesa, wari, dandano;
• gait da rikice-rikice;
• canzawa guda ɗaya a cikin sautin tsoka;
• asarar ƙwarewar aiki da farko, sannan kuma gazawar aiwatar da mafi sauƙin motsi don kulawa da kai.

Harin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta shine:

• boyo na bushe "wuya" tari;
• hawan jini;
• kasancewar karancin numfashi ko da a cikin cikakken natsuwa.

Kashin kasusuwa na bayyana kansu azaman mai zafi a cikin kasusuwa da abin ya shafa, wanda ya tsananta da tsinkayewa (rauni).

Tabbatar da ganewar asali

Itatedaddamar da ingantaccen ganewar asali yana sauƙaƙe ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin bincike da kayan bincike.

Na farko sun hada da:

• Duban dan tayi na ciki;
• MRI Pancreatic;
• CT na jiki;
• retrograde cholangiography da cholangiopancreatography (karatun endoscopic);
• PET (isharar cutar tomography na positron);
• bincike na laparoscopy.

Gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje ya ƙunshi ƙayyade matakin hormones a cikin jini:

• insulin;
• glucagon;
• gastrin.

Abun cikin:

• jini - alkaline phosphatase;
• jini da fitsari - amsar fata na huhu;
• Kale - Cloststststststos.

Ya zama tilas cikin la'akari da alamun gwajin jini gaba daya, cikakken bincike game da fitsari, samfuran hanta da kuma coagulogram, alamomin ciwace-ciwace na musamman (alamar CA 19-9 tana da alaƙa da cutar kanjamau), biopsy tissue.

Matsayi-takamaiman magani

Kasancewar cutar daji a mataki 0 ​​yana ba da izinin motsa jiki tare da fitowar gamma mai zuwa; a mataki na I, sakamakon ya dogara da girman da ayyukan mamayar mama kansa zuwa gabobin makwabta, da kuma kasancewar farkon metastases. Jiyya na ƙarin ci gaba lokuta na bukatar hadaddun far far.

Ana iya yin tiyata tare da:

• jimlar ficewar kwayoyin;
• seaseal ko distal kama;
• shigarwa na ƙoshin endoscopic;
• na ciki tiyata;
• ta amfani da dabara ta Whipple.

Idan ra'ayi na farko baya buƙatar bayyanawa, to hanyoyin na biyu da na uku suna fitar da ƙari tare da sashen da yake inda yake, tare da ɓoye ɓangarorin hagu.

Keɓaɓɓiyar tiyata (idan akwai cutar kansa da ba za a iya magancewa ba) shine dakatar da ciki, wanda ke ba da damar dakatar da matsin lamba a kan ƙwayar, yayin tsayawa - don kauce wa toshe bututun ta hanyar sanya bututu na roba a cikin lumensa wanda ke hulɗa tare da karamin hanji ko an ja shi kuma an aminta shi ga jiki.

Hanyar Whipple wani zaɓi ne don cire ƙwayar cuta ta wani tooplasm (tare da shugaban gland shine yake ɗauke da shi, ɓangaren da ke ciki na duodenum, ciki da gall)) an yarda da shi a farkon matakan cutar.

Hanyoyin kwantar da hankula (raɗaɗi) na tiyata na wahalar da mai haƙuri ya ƙunsa na ɓoye wani ɓangare na ƙari wanda ke sanya matsin lamba akan tsarin jijiya kuma yana hana aikin gabobin maƙwabta ko metastases.

Matakan da za a iya magancewa:

• toshewar hanji ko toshewar bututu;
• lahani cikin hanji, ciki, bango na kansa.

Halin da ba makawa shi ne raunin da ya biyo baya ga mai da hankali tare da haskoki na gamma don lalata rayayyun sel masu rai.

Tasirin chemotherapeutic akan ciwan bayan jiyya bayan tiyata ya ƙunshi ɓarkewar hanyar rarrabuwa da haɓaka ƙwayoyin da aka sabunta kuma ana yin su ta hanyar maganin ƙwayar cuta.

Hanya ta farko ta ƙunshi amfani da magani ɗaya kawai wanda ke ba da sakamako 15-30%, yayin da na biyu (yin amfani da kwayoyi da yawa tare da tsarin aikin daban) ya kai 40%.

Abincin abinci don cutar kansa ta amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa yana ba da ƙin yarda na kowane nau'in barasa da samfuran nauyi, gabatarwar samfuran lactic acid ya zama dole. Ana amfani da magungunan rigakafi don kawar da sha'awar yin amai.

Wajibi ne a bi shawarar mai ilimin psychotherapist ko psychologist.

Kulawar rediyo yana dauke da jagorori guda biyu. Baya ga fitowar gamma na gargajiya (kafin, lokacin, da bayan aikin) ko sakawa cikin iska mai lalacewa ta hanyar lalacewa, amfani da alluran rigakafin ya fara, gami da magunguna masu kashewa da ke lalata cututtukan yankunan.

Wata hanyar da za a yi kwalliya don magance ciwacewar wannan sashin ƙwayar cuta shine ka'idodin ɗaukar magunguna waɗanda aka yi niyya don haƙuri (haɗuwa da metabolism na sel kansa, ba tare da cutar da masu lafiya ba).

Hasashen

Dangane da cutar kansa na kowane yanki, yana da matukar wahala.

Lokacin da ƙari ya bar sashin jiki, tsawon rayuwa na shekaru 5 yana yiwuwa kawai ga 20% na marasa lafiya (a ƙarƙashin kulawa mai zurfi), ba tare da tiyata ba, wannan lokacin bai wuce watanni 6 ba.

Hanyar da ke tattare da cutar kanjamau na fadada rayuwa ta 6-9, karancin maganin warkewa (ba tare da tiyata ba) - daga watanni 11-13.

Fitowar tiyata na wucin gadi yana bawa mai haƙuri damar rayuwa na kimanin shekaru 2, amma tsawon fiye da shekaru 5 yana yiwuwa kawai don 8% na marasa lafiyar da aka sarrafa.

Bayan abubuwan kutsawa cikin farji, raƙayin rayuwar mai haƙuri shine matsakaicin shekara 1.

Dalilin mutuwa nan da nan a cikin kansa wannan shine farkon lalacewa na ƙwayar cuta: renal, hepatic, cardiac.

Yin rigakafin

Iyaye su gargadi yara tun suna yara, har sai sun fara sanin sigari da kayan maye, game da yiwuwar kamuwa da cutar siga a cikin jiki.

Ya kamata a tuna cewa shigar da kwayoyin mai guba ta kowace hanya: inhalation, allura, shigar ruwa tare da abinci da ruwa babu makawa sai ya kai ga shigar shi cikin jini, wanda tabbas zai wuce ta cikin jijiyar jiki, wanda zai haifar da lalacewa.

Wata hanyar da za ta haifar da lalacewar ƙwayar glandular duk zaɓuɓɓuka ne don kawo shi cikin yanayin ischemia (yunwar oxygen a ƙarshen zubar jini). Halin damuwa (duka bazuwar kuma ana aiki da su sosai a cikin mummunan wasanni da ayyukan nishaɗi) suna haifar da ischemia.

Ya kamata a guji haɗuwa iri ɗaya na samfuran da ke halayyar abinci iri biyu kuma wasu masu siyar da "m".

A ƙarshe, tsarin daidaiton tsarin ayyuka daban-daban tare da isasshen lokacin hutawa na dare shine sharudda ga rayuwar mutum ta cikin yanayin canza rayuwar duniya ta hanzari.

Kada mu manta game da hanyar binciken likita na yau da kullun tare da aiwatar da shawarwarin magani - za su sanya hanyar lafiya kamar yadda kai tsaye kuma mai sauƙi ne.