Hakikanin rayuwar zamani, da ke da alaƙa da rayuwa, matsin lamba, yawan aiki, cin abinci mafi ƙoshin lafiya, sun haifar da matsalar ciwon sukari sosai. Ciwon sukari mellitus shine ɗayan cututtukan da suka fi tsanani da rashin ƙarfi a cikin duniyar yau, saboda tare da wannan cutar ta endocrinological, ba wai kawai endocrin tsarin yana shan wahala ba, har ma da sauran wasu gabobin jiki masu mahimmanci da tsarin, wanda daga baya yana ɗaukar rikitarwa da ke tattare da lalacewarsu.
Tsarin urinary a cikin wannan cuta shine manufa don haɓakar rikitarwa na sakandare na ciwon sukari. Ofaya daga cikin rikitattun abubuwa masu haɗari masu haɗari sune rashin cin nasara na yara a cikin ciwon sukari mellitus, wanda sannu a hankali yana haɓakawa kuma yana haifar da raguwa a cikin aikin aiki na masarautar duniyan na paalineal na koda.
Ci gaban ciwon sukari
Ciwon sukari mellitus cuta ce ta tsarin endocrine wanda ke faruwa a cikin tsari mai tsafta. Yanayin cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta sun samo asali ne daga ci gaba mai ɗorewa a cikin ƙwayar glucose a cikin jini sakamakon ƙarancin samar da insulin na hormone, wanda ke shafar matakan haɓaka na kai tsaye a cikin jiki, musamman metabolism metabolism, ko saboda haɓakar juriya kusan dukkanin ƙirar jikin mutum zuwa insulin, wanda shine nau'in mabuɗin don wucewar carbohydrates ta cikin membrane na sel a cikin tantanin halitta.
Rashin narkewar ƙwayoyi da narkewar metabolism yana haifar da canje-canje na ƙwayoyin halittar jini a cikin jini, wanda ya fara samun mummunar tasiri a bangon jijiyoyin bugun ƙwayar jijiyoyin bugun gini. Ofaya daga cikin farkon wanda zai wahala shine ainihin capillaries a cikin kodan. Don wannan an ƙara ƙaruwa a cikin aikin tacewa na jikin mutum don rama ƙarar jini.
Ofaya daga cikin bayyanar farko na ilimin cututtukan ƙwayar cuta a cikin mellitus na ciwon sukari shine microalbuminuria, wanda ya riga yayi magana game da canje-canje na dystrophic na farko akan membranes na nephrons. Kidneyara aikin ƙwayar koda da canje-canje a cikin jijiyoyin jini suna haifar da kusan raguwa na ajiyar ajiyar ƙwayoyin tsoka. Musamman ma da sauri, canje-canjen suna ci gaba a cikin rashin ingantaccen magani mai cikakken magani ga mai ciwon sukari.
Tsarin koda
Anatomically, koda wani sashin jiki ne da aka haɗu da ke zaune a cikin sararin samaniya kuma an rufe shi da fitsarin mara nauyi. Babban aikin sashin jiki shine tace jini (plasma) jini da kuma cire ruwa mai yalwa, ions da samfuran metabolism daga jiki.
Kodan ya ƙunshi manyan abubuwa guda biyu: cortical da cerebral, yana cikin maɓallin cerebral da filmration glomeruli suke, a cikin ne ake keɗa plasma sannan aka fara fitsari. Glomeruli tare da tubule tsarin suna samar da kayan aikin na dunkule kuma suna bayar da gudummawa ga ingantaccen aikin fitsari a jikin mutum. Tsarin glomeruli da tubule suna da matukar ƙarfi, i.e. Jigilar jini mai zurfi, wanda shine manufa don masu ciwon suga.
A cikin wata cuta kamar su cutar sankara, kodan sun zama ƙwayar cuta ta farko
Kwayar cutar
Hoton asibiti na lalacewar koda a cikin ciwon sukari ya ƙunshi waɗannan alamun:
Cutar sankarar zuciya da alamunta- increasedara yawan hawan jini da ba a haɗa shi da yanayin damuwa;
- m da urination urination - polyuria. Bayan haka, ana maye gurbin polyuria da raguwa a cikin adadin ruwan da ke asara daga jiki;
- itching na fata;
- rarrafewa da rarrabewar tsokoki da kasusuwa;
- rauni na gaba daya da kyashi;
- ciwon kai.
Dukkanin alamun da ke sama suna haɓaka a hankali, kuma sau da yawa masu ciwon sukari sukan saba dasu kuma basu kula dasu. Don ganewar asali, binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje na asibiti tare da ƙaddarar halittar ƙwayar ƙwayar fitsari da ƙaddarar ƙaddara ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na kodan suna da mahimmanci.
- Gwajin fitsari gabaɗaya zai baka damar fara gano yanayin cutar kamar microalbuminuria a farkon matakan kamuwa da cutar siga. An ambata shi a sama, amma yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa microalbuminuria alama ce ta dakin gwaje-gwaje kuma ba ya haifar da koke daga mai haƙuri. Hakanan, a cikin nazarin fitsari, an ƙaddamar da haɗarin haɗuwa da glucose a cikin fitsari, da samfuran metabolism metabolism - jikin ketone. A cikin wasu halayen, ana iya gano ƙwayoyin cuta da farin ƙwayoyin jini a cikin fitsari tare da haɓakar pyelonephritis a kan tushen manyan lambobin jini.
- Matsakaicin tacewar duniyan zai ba ka damar tantance aikin aikin kai tsaye na kodan ka kuma tabbatar da matsayin matsalar kodar.
Bincike
Lokacin da mai haƙuri ya kamu da ciwon sukari, abu na farko da aka ba shi shi ne nazarin aikin koda. Hakanan, alamar farkon cutar ita ce microalbuminuria, wanda yake ramawa ne a cikin yanayi, don rage haɓakar jini.
Kowane mai ciwon sukari ya kamata yayi cikakken bincike na tsarin urinary akalla sau ɗaya a shekara.
Shirin binciken ya hada da irin wadannan karatun:
- wani gwaji na jini na kwayoyin halitta don tantance taro duk samfuran metabolic da kodan ke banka;
- nazarin fitsari gabaɗaya;
- nazarin fitsari don furotin, gami da albumin, da gutsurarcinta;
- ƙuduri akan haɓakar dunƙulewa ta dunƙulewa ta hanyar zurfin zurfafawar.
Gwaje-gwajen da ke sama suna nuna daki-daki yadda kyakkyawan tsarin urinary yake aiki a cikin mutumin da ke da ciwon sukari.
Sakamakon ciwon sukari a cikin tsarin urinary
Akwai manyan zaɓuɓɓuka guda biyu don lalacewar koda sakamakon wannan cuta. Lalacewa ga ɗumbin kayan masarufi na nau'ikan digiri na ƙarfi yana faruwa a cikin duk marasa lafiya, duk da haka, a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi, alal misali, tare da rage yawan aiki na tsarin garkuwar garkuwar jiki, akwai babban haɗarin haɓaka cutar kumburi da ke faruwa na tsarin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta ta koda, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga mafi saurin ci gaba na lalacewa na koda.
Soyayyar duniya
Rashin rikicewa a cikin kayan aiki na duniyan yara na haifar da karuwa a cikin proteinuria, kuma wannan alama ce mai mahimmanci ta cutar
Rushewar kayan aikin na duniyanci a sakamakon karuwar ayyukan kodan, wanda aka kirkira don rama cutar glycemia na jini. Tuni a cikin darajar sukari na jini na 10 mmol / l, kodan sun fara amfani da kayan adonsu don fitowar glucose mai yawa daga jini. Daga baya, lalacewar gado na microcirculatory gado na kwakwalwar kwakwalwa na kodan da canje-canje na dystrophic a cikin ƙwayar membrane, wanda ke da alhakin ƙirar samfuran abubuwa na rayuwa, an kara su cikin hauhawar tsarin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin koda. Bayan wasu 'yan shekaru, ana ganin canje-canje na dystrophic a cikin kyallen da kodan da kuma raguwar karfin tacewa a cikin masu ciwon sukari.
Ciwon mara da mai kumburi
Ofaya daga cikin rikice-rikice na yau da kullun da ke da alaƙa da tsarin urinary shine pyelonephritis. Abubuwan da ake buƙata don ci gaban su sun zama tsabtace ga tsabtace mutum, cututtuka na yau da kullun na gabobin ciki da na mafitsara, da kuma rage rigakafi. Increasedarin yawan sukari a cikin jini kawai yana ƙara haɗarin haɓakawa ko haɓaka pyelonephritis, tunda ana buƙatar ƙarfin makamashi don haɓaka kamuwa da cuta a cikin jiki, wanda ke ƙaruwa saboda hauhawar jini.
Rashin lalacewa da kumburi ga tsarin pyelocaliceal na kodan yana haifar da mummunan aikin magudanar ruwa da tsawan fitsari. Wannan ya ƙunshi haɓakar hydronephrosis kuma yana taimakawa haɓaka tafiyar matakai na dystrophic a cikin kayan aikin kodan.
Kwatantawa da ƙoshin lafiya tare da cutar sankarar ƙwayar cuta tare da ciwon sukari da ba zai rama ba
Cutar koda
Cutar sankarar zuciya da gazawar koda - lalacewar koda a cikin cututtukan mellitus, wanda ke lalata ingancin rayuwa mai haƙuri kuma yana buƙatar m likita ko kayan gyara.
Ragewa a cikin aikin kodan ta hanyar kashi 50-75% yana haifar da faruwar faduwar koda. An bambanta matakai guda 5 na ci gaba da cutar koda na koda. Tare da ci gaban lalacewa na koda, duka cututtukan alamu da koke-koken marasa lafiya suna karuwa a daidai rabo.
- Farashin filmer na duniya fiye da 90 ml minti daya, ba a lura da alamun lalacewar tsarin urinary;
- Matsakaici na tacewa daga 60 zuwa 89 ml a minti. A cikin masu ciwon sukari, an ƙaddara microalbuminuria wajen ƙayyade gwajin jini gaba ɗaya;
- GFR daga 59 zuwa 40 ml a minti. A cikin nazarin fitsari, an yanke macroalbuminuria da take hakkin mallakar abubuwan fitsari;
- GFR daga 39 zuwa 15 a kowace min, wanda ya rigaya ya bayyana ta hanyar abubuwan da ke faruwa sama da alamun rashin nasara na koda: ƙoshin fata, gajiya, hauhawar jini da sauransu;
- GFR kasa da 15 ml a minti. Matakan tashar yana haifar da ci gaba oliguria, tarin kayan samfurori a cikin jini. Wannan na iya haifar da ci gaba na cutar ketoacidotic da sauran rikitarwa na barazanar rayuwa.
A ƙarshe, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa lalacewar koda na mai ciwon sukari za a iya rage ƙasa ta hanyar ganewar lokaci, tabbatar da ingantaccen ganewar asali da kulawar masu hankali. A saboda wannan dalili, tare da farkon cutar mellitus da aka gano, dole ne a tura mai haƙuri don gwajin fitsari gaba ɗaya, tun daga farkon cutar, yana yiwuwa a tabbatar da lalacewar koda a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje da hana ci gaba da cutar koda.
Rashin wahala
Daga ƙarshe, mellitus na ciwon sukari wanda ya daɗe, magani da gyaran abin da ba a aiwatar da shi ko rashin inganci, yana haifar da lalacewa gaba ɗaya ga aikin urinary na masu ciwon sukari. Wannan yana haifar da haifar da irin wannan mummunan alamu:
- gajiya, rauni da rashin tausayi;
- lalacewa a cikin kwarewar fahimta, gami da hankali da ƙwaƙwalwa;
- tashin zuciya da amai ba hade da abinci;
- m fata itching a sakamakon tara kayayyakin na rayuwa a cikin jini;
- katsewa cikin gabobi da kuma raunin jiki na gabobin ciki;
- asarar lokacin gajere.
Rashin ƙarancin ƙarancin digiri yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa mai haƙuri yana tilasta yin amfani da hanyar hemodialysis sau da yawa a wata, tun da kodan kansa ba zai iya ɗaukar aikin motsa jiki ba, wanda ke haifar da tarin samfuran metabolism da lalata lalacewar gabobin.
