Ciwon sukari mellitus cuta ce mai wuya wacce ke da wahalar warkewa. Tare da haɓakawarsa a cikin jikin mutum, akwai cin zarafin ƙwayoyin carbohydrate da raguwa a cikin kwayar insulin ta hanyar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, a sakamakon wanda glucose ya daina shawo kan ƙwayoyin kuma ya daidaita cikin jini a cikin abubuwan abubuwan microcrystalline. Cikakken dalilan da ya sa wannan cutar ta fara ci gaba, masana kimiyya har yanzu ba su iya kafawa ba. Amma sun gano abubuwan da ke haifar da haɗarin kamuwa da cutar sukari wanda ke iya haifar da farkon wannan cuta a cikin tsofaffi da matasa.
Bayan 'yan kalmomi game da Pathology
Kafin yin la’akari da abubuwan da ke tattare da haɗarin kamuwa da cutar siga, dole ne a faɗi cewa wannan cuta tana da nau'i biyu, kuma kowannensu yana da halaye na kansa. Cutar ciwon sukari nau'in 1 ana nuna shi da canje-canje na tsari a cikin jikin mutum, wanda ba wai kawai metabolism metabolism ba, amma har da aikin pancreas an lalata. Saboda wasu dalilai, kwayoyin jikin sa sun daina samarda insulin a daidai gwargwado, a sakamakon wanda sukari, wanda yake shiga jiki da abinci, ba a bi da shi ta hanyar sharewa kuma, saboda haka, kwayoyin halitta basa iya daukar su.
Nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na cuta shine cuta yayin haɓaka wanda ke kiyaye ayyukan ƙwayar cuta, amma saboda haɓakar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, ƙwayoyin jiki suna rasa hankalinsu ga insulin. A wannan yanayin, glucose kawai ya daina zama hawa zuwa sel kuma ya zauna cikin jini.
Amma ko da menene matakai ke faruwa a cikin ciwon sukari, sakamakon wannan cuta shine ɗayan - babban matakin glucose a cikin jini, wanda ke haifar da mummunan matsalolin kiwon lafiya.
Mafi yawan rikice-rikice na wannan cutar sune yanayin da ake ciki:
Sanadin Samun Hawan jini- hyperglycemia - karuwa a cikin sukari na jini sama da iyakar al'ada (fiye da 7 mmol / l);
- hypoglycemia - raguwa a cikin matakan glucose na jini a waje da matsakaicin al'ada (a ƙasa da 3.3 mmol / l);
- hyperglycemic coma - karuwa a cikin sukari na jini sama da 30 mmol / l;
- hypoglycemic coma - raguwar glucose na jini a ƙasa da 2.1 mmol / l;
- ƙafar mai ciwon sukari - raunin hankali na ƙananan ƙarshen da lalatawar su;
- maganin ciwon sukari - rage yawan ji na gani;
- thrombophlebitis - samuwar plaques a bangon jijiyoyin jini;
- hauhawar jini - hauhawar jini;
- gangrene - necrosis na kasusuwa na ƙananan ƙarshen tare da ci gaba na gaba na ƙashin kansa;
- bugun jini da tazara daga ciki.
Rikice-rikice na yau da kullun na ciwon sukari
Waɗannan suna da nisa daga dukkan rikice rikice tare da haɓakar ciwon sukari ga mutum a kowane zamani. Kuma don hana wannan cuta, ya zama dole a san ainihin abin da abubuwan zasu iya haifar da ciwon sukari da kuma menene matakan hana ci gaban ci gabansa ya haɗa.
Nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari da abubuwan haɗarinsa
Type 1 ciwon sukari mellitus (T1DM) mafi yawanci ana gano shi a cikin yara da matasa masu shekaru 20-30. An yi imani da cewa manyan abubuwan ci gabanta sune:
- dabi'ar gado;
- hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri
- maye na jikin mutum;
- rashin abinci mai gina jiki;
- akai-akai danniya.
Tsarin gado
A farkon T1DM, ƙaddarar gado yana taka babbar rawa. Idan ɗayan dangin yana fama da wannan cutar, to, haɗarin ci gabanta a cikin masu zuwa shine kusan 10-20%.
Ya kamata a sani cewa a wannan yanayin ba muna magana ne game da tabbataccen gaskiyar ba, amma game da tsinkaye ne. Wato, idan mahaifiya ko uba ba su da lafiya tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1, wannan ba yana nufin cewa 'ya'yansu ma za su kamu da wannan cutar ba. Hasashen ya nuna cewa idan mutum bai aiwatar da hanyoyin kariya ba kuma ya jagoranci rayuwar da bai dace ba, to yana da babban hatsarin zama mai ciwon sukari cikin 'yan shekaru.
Lokacin da aka gano cutar sukari a cikin iyayen biyu lokaci guda, haɗarin cutar a cikin yaransu yana ƙaruwa sau da yawa
Koyaya, a wannan yanayin, dole ne a ɗauka a zuciya cewa idan duka iyayen sun sha wahala daga ciwon sukari lokaci guda, to, yiwuwar faruwar lamarin a cikin ɗansu yana ƙaruwa sosai. Kuma sau da yawa a cikin irin wannan yanayi, ana gano wannan cutar a cikin yara tun farkon shekarun makaranta, kodayake har yanzu basu da halaye marasa kyau kuma suna yin rayuwa mai amfani.
Kwayoyin cuta ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri
Cututtukan bidiyo ko bidiyo guda biyu wani dalili ne da ya sa nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari zai iya haɓaka. Musamman masu haɗari a wannan yanayin akwai cututtuka kamar su mumps da rubella. Masana ilimin kimiyya an daɗe da tabbatar da cewa waɗannan cututtukan suna cutar da aikin ƙwayar hanji kuma suna haifar da lalacewar ƙwayoyin jikinta, hakan zai rage matakin insulin a cikin jini.
Ya kamata a lura da cewa ya shafi ba kawai ga waɗanda aka riga aka haifa ba, har ma ga waɗanda suke cikin mahaifa. Duk wata cuta ta kwayar cuta da mace mai ciki take fama da ita, na iya haifar da ci gaban ciwon sukari na 1 a cikin yaranta.
Shan maye
Mutane da yawa suna aiki a masana'antu da masana'antu waɗanda ke amfani da magunguna, sakamakon abin da mummunar tasiri ya shafi aikin kwayoyin halitta gaba ɗaya, gami da aikin ƙwayar cuta.
Chemotherapy, wanda aka gudanar don magance cututtukan oncological daban-daban, shima yana da sakamako mai guba a cikin sel jikin, sabili da haka, al'amuran su ma sau da yawa suna kara saurin kamuwa da ciwon sukari na 1 a cikin mutane.
Cutar tamowa
Cutar tamowa na ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan sanadin cutar sankarau 1. Abincin yau da kullun na mutumin zamani yana ƙunshe da babban adadin mai da mai a jikin carbohydrates, wanda ke sanya kaya mai nauyi akan tsarin narkewa, gami da koda. A tsawon lokaci, ƙwayoyin sa sun lalace kuma aikin insulin ya lalace.
Rashin abinci mai gina jiki yana da haɗari ba wai kawai ci gaban kiba ba ne, har ma da cin zarafin ƙwayar cuta
Ya kamata kuma a san cewa saboda rashin abinci mai gina jiki, nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari na iya haɓaka cikin yara masu shekaru 1-2. Kuma dalilin wannan shine farkon gabatarwar madara saniya da kayan hatsi a cikin abincin jariri.
Akai-akai danniya
Hanyoyi sun zama tsokana ga wasu cututtuka, gami da T1DM. Idan mutum ya fuskanci damuwa, ana samar da adrenaline mai yawa a cikin jikin shi, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga saurin sarrafa sukari na jini, wanda ke haifar da ƙwanƙwasa jini. Wannan yanayin na ɗan lokaci ne, amma idan yana faruwa da tsari, haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon sukari irin na 1 yana ƙaruwa sau da yawa.
Nau'in cuta na 2 da abubuwan haɗarinsa
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na ciwon sukari (T2DM) yana haɓaka sakamakon raguwa a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayoyin sel zuwa insulin. Hakan na iya faruwa ga dalilai da yawa:
- dabi'ar gado;
- canje-canje masu dangantaka da shekaru;
- kiba
- ciwon sukari.
Tsarin gado
A cikin ci gaba na T2DM, ƙaddarar haihuwa ta gado tana taka rawar da ta fi ta T1DM ƙarfi. A cewar kididdigar, hadarin wannan cutar a cikin zuriya a wannan yanayin shine 50% idan an gano nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 a cikin mahaifiyar kawai, kuma 80% idan an gano wannan cutar nan da nan a cikin iyayen biyu.
Lokacin da aka gano iyaye da T2DM, yuwuwar samun yaro mara lafiya yana da girma sama da na T1DM
Canje-canje masu dangantaka da shekaru a jikin mutum
Likitoci suna ɗaukar T2DM cuta ce ta tsofaffi, tunda tana cikinsu ne galibi ake gano ta. Dalilin haka shine canje-canje da suka shafi shekaru a jikin mutum. Abin baƙin ciki, tare da shekaru, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar abubuwan ciki da na waje, gabobin ciki suna “ƙare” kuma aikinsu yana da illa. Bugu da ƙari, tare da shekaru, mutane da yawa suna samun hauhawar jini, wanda ke ƙara haɓakar haɗarin haɓaka T2DM.
Kiba
Kiba shine babban dalilin ci gaban T2DM a tsofaffi da matasa. Dalilin haka shine yawan tara kitse a jikin kwayoyin halittar mutum, a dalilin hakan ne ya fara samar da makamashi daga gare shi, kuma sukari ya zama ba dole bane a gare su. Saboda haka, tare da kiba, ƙwayoyin suna daina shan glucose, kuma suna zaune cikin jini. Kuma idan mutum a gaban wuce haddi jikin mutum shima yana haifar da yanayin rayuwa, wannan yana kara karfafa yiwuwar kamuwa da ciwon sukari na 2 a kowane zamani.
Kiba mai yawa yana haifar da bayyanar ba kawai T2DM ba, har ma da sauran matsalolin kiwon lafiya.
Ciwon ciki
Ana kiranta ciwon suga na ciki “likitan mata masu ciki” ta hanyar likitoci, tunda tana tasowa daidai lokacin lokacin daukar ciki. Abinda ya faru shine lalacewa ta hanyar rikicewar hormonal a cikin jiki da kuma yawan wucewar ƙwayar hanji (dole ne ta yi aiki don "biyu"). Sakamakon karuwar kaya, yana sa kaya kuma ya daina samar da insulin a cikin adadin da ya dace.
Bayan haihuwa, wannan cuta tafi, amma ya bar mummunan alama a kan lafiyar yaro. Sakamakon cewa ƙwayar ƙwayar mahaifiya ta daina samar da insulin a cikin adadin da ya dace, ƙwayar cutar ta yara ta fara aiki a cikin yanayin hanzari, wanda ke haifar da lalacewar ƙwayoyin jikinta. Bugu da ƙari, tare da haɓakar ciwon sukari na mahaifa, haɗarin kiba a cikin tayin yana ƙaruwa, wanda kuma yana ƙara haɗarin haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon sukari irin na 2.
Yin rigakafin
Ciwon sukari cuta ce da za a iya magance ta cikin sauki. Don yin wannan, ya isa ya aiwatar da rigakafinsa koyaushe, wanda ya haɗa da matakan masu zuwa:
- Ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki. Abincin ɗan adam ya ƙunshi yawancin bitamin, ma'adanai da sunadarai. Fats da carbohydrates suma su kasance a cikin abincin, tunda ba tare da su jiki ba zai iya aiki da kullun, amma cikin matsakaici. Musamman wanda yakamata ya yi hattara game da carbohydrates da trans fats mai sauƙin narkewa, tunda sune babban dalilin bayyanuwar nauyin jiki da kuma ci gaba da ciwon sukari. Game da jarirai kuwa, yakamata iyaye su tabbatar da cewa abincin da aka gabatar da shi yana da matukar amfani ga jikinsu. Kuma wane watan za'a iya ba jariri, zaku iya ganowa daga likitan yara.
- Rayuwa mai aiki. Idan bakayi watsi da wasanni ba kuma yin jagoranci na rayuwa, zaku iya sauƙin "sami" ciwon sukari. Ayyukan ɗan adam suna ba da gudummawa ga saurin ƙone kitsen mai da ƙoshin kuzarin kuzarin, wanda ya haifar da ƙara yawan buƙatar glucose na sel. A cikin mutane m, metabolism rage gudu, a sakamakon abin da hatsarin da ciwon sukari ƙãra.
- Saka idanu sukari na jini akai-akai. Musamman wannan dokar ta shafi waɗanda ke da cutar ta asali ta wannan cuta, da kuma mutanen da suke “shekara 50”. Don saka idanu da matakan sukari na jini, ba lallai bane kaje asibitin ka ɗauki gwaje-gwaje. Ya isa kawai ka sayi glucometer kuma ayi gwajin jini akan ka a gida.
Ya kamata a fahimci cewa cutar sankarau cuta ce da ba za a iya magance ta ba. Tare da haɓakawa, dole ne koyaushe ku ɗauki magunguna kuyi allurar insulin. Sabili da haka, idan baku so ku kasance cikin tsoro koyaushe don lafiyarku, jagoranci rayuwa mai kyau da kuma kula da cututtukan ku na lokaci. Wannan ita ce hanya daya tilo don hana cutar ciwon sukari kuma kiyaye lafiyarku tsawon shekaru masu zuwa!
