Ayyukan insulin akan jiki

Kamar yadda alkalumman duniya suka nuna, sama da kashi 20% na mutanen duniya suna fama da ciwon sukari. Haka kuma, yawancin waɗannan mutanen an gano su da ciwon sukari da ke dogaro da insulin, waɗanda ba za a iya warkewa ba. Amma wannan baya nufin cewa mai haƙuri ba zai iya yin rayuwa irin ta sabawa ba. Abinda ake buƙata kawai shine samar da jikinka da insulin. A saboda wannan dalili, ana amfani da allura ta musamman, tsari wanda za'a aiwatar da shi gwargwadon tsarin da likita ya tsara. Amma menene tsarin aikin insulin? Kuma ta yaya yake taimaka wa masu ciwon sukari?

Matsayin insulin a cikin jikin mutum

Insulin wani kwazo ne na musamman wanda ke daukar nauyin metabolism. Shine wanda ya tsinci kansa daga ciki kuma ya tabbatar da narkewar sel jikin. Cutar ciki tana da nasaba da samar da wannan kwayar halittar. A keta mutuncin ko aiki da ƙwayoyin wannan sashin, ana samar da insulin a cikin adadi kaɗan, sakamakon abin da jiki ke fara fuskantar rashi a ciki, wanda ke nuna karuwa a cikin sukarin jini.

A lokaci guda, aikin kodan da hanta sun lalace, abubuwa masu guba sun fara tarawa cikin jiki, mummunar cutar da dukkanin gabobin ciki da tsarin. Kuma da farko dai, tsarin jijiyoyin jiki suna fama da wannan. A ƙarƙashin rinjayar sukari da abubuwa masu guba, sautin ganuwar ganuwar jijiyoyin jini yana raguwa, suna zama da baki da ƙarfi, a game da abin da haɗarin haɓakar bugun jini da ɓarnawar zuciya na haɓaka sau da yawa.

Babban sukari na jini shima yana shafar hanyoyin farfadowa a jiki. Wannan sananne ne musamman ta yanayin fata. Duk wani yanka da raunuka na warkar da na dogon lokaci, galibi suna kamuwa da cuta kuma suna zama cikin ulcers. Kuma wannan shima yana da haɗari, tunda tare da narkarda cututtukan mahaifa, da yiwuwar haɓaka gangrene shima yana ƙaruwa.

Hanyar aikin

Da yake magana game da yadda insulin ke aiki a cikin jiki, ya kamata a lura cewa yana aiki kai tsaye ta hanyar mai karɓar furotin. Yana da keɓaɓɓiyar sunadaran gina jiki na membrane, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙananan abubuwa guda 2. A cikin magani, an lura dasu azaman kuma b. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan ƙananan lambobi suna da sarkar polypeptide na kanta.

Polypeptide sarƙoƙi na insulin subunits

Ayyukan insulin shine kamar haka: na farko, yana shiga cikin sadarwa tare da-subunit, ta haka canza canjinsa. Bayan haka, b-subunit ya shiga cikin aikin, wanda ke haifar da jerin hanyoyin amsawa don kunna enzymes wanda ya cancanci gushewar glucose da kuma sha a cikin sel.

Ya kamata a lura cewa duk da cewa sakamakon insulin a jikin mutum ya kasance masana masana kimiyya suna yin nazari game da ƙarni da yawa, amma har yanzu ba a yi nazarin abubuwan da ke tattare da su ba. Koyaya, ya rigaya an san cewa sakandare "tsaka-tsaki" suna shiga cikin wannan duka aikin, wanda diacylglycerols da inositol trifosvats suke aiki. Suna ba da kunnawa na protein sunase C tare da tasirin phosphorylating kuma suna da alaƙa da metabolism na ciki.

Wadannan tsaka-tsakin suna samar da karuwar glucose a cikin kwayoyin jikin mutum, ta hakan zai samar masu da karfi. Na farko, hadaddun mai karɓar insulin wanda yake nutsuwa a cikin cytosol, sannan kuma ya lalace a cikin lysosomes, bayan haka matakan lalata suke faruwa - an lalata ɓangaren insulin, kuma an aika ɗayan sashin zuwa membranes tantanin halitta kuma an sake gina shi a cikin su.

Insulin wani kwaro ne wanda ke da tasiri kai tsaye ga tafiyar matakai na jikin mutum gaba daya. Yawancin tasirinsa ana lura dashi saboda tasirin aikinsa akan adadin enzymes da yawa. Yana daga ɗayan nau'ikan da ke taimaka wa rage yawan sukarin jini. Wannan yana faruwa saboda:

• haɓaka sha na glucose ta membranes cell;
• kunna enzymes glycolysis;
• ƙara yawan ayyukan samar da glycogen;
• rage aikin gluconeogenesis, wanda ke da alhakin haifar da glucose a cikin ƙwayoyin hanta.

Babban kaddarorin insulin

Insulin shine kadai hormone wanda ke inganta yawan sha ta sel amino acid da suke bukata don aikin su na yau da kullun, tare da samar da potassium, magnesium da phosphate ion a cikinsu. Bugu da ƙari, insulin yana haɓaka aikin samar da mai mai guba ta hanyar canza glucose zuwa triglycerides. Idan aka lura da karancin sinadarin insulin a jiki, wannan yakan haifar da tattara kifaye da ajiyar su a cikin gabobin gabobin ciki.

Tasirin anticatabolic na insulin a jikin mutum yana faruwa ne ta hanyar raguwar aikin protein hydrolysis, wanda hakan ya rage lalacewar su (saboda gaskiyar cewa masu fama da cutar sankara suna da karancin insulin, lalacewar sunadarai yana ƙaruwa, hakan yana haifar da raguwar sautin tsoka da rauni).

Bugu da ƙari, insulin yana samar da raguwa a cikin lipolysis, wanda ke rage yawan ƙwayar mai a cikin jini da haɗarin cutar cholesterol, thrombophlebitis, da sauransu. samun karami sosai.

Tasiri a kan metabolism metabolism

Kamar yadda ya rigaya ya bayyana a fili, insulin shine hormone wanda yake aiki a kusan dukkanin matakai a cikin jiki. Amma tun da muke magana kai tsaye game da ciwon sukari, ya zama dole muyi la'akari da ƙarin daki-daki sakamakon tasirin insulin akan ƙwayar metabolism.

Yayin da aka lura da karancin wannan hormone a cikin jikin mutum, wannan yana tattare da aiwatar da tsarin shigar azzakarin glucose ta hanyar kwayoyin tsoka, wanda hakan ke haifar da raguwar ajiyar makamashi. Lokacin da matakin insulin ya hau zuwa ƙimar al'ada, an sake dawo da wannan tsari, kuma a wata hanya ta zahiri.

Abubuwan da jikin ke buƙata na insulin, ya danganta da matakin motsa jiki

Koyaya, tare da ƙara yawan aiki na jiki, membranes sel yana ƙaruwa da haɓakawa kuma suna samun glucose mai yawa fiye da yadda aka saba. Kuma wannan na faruwa ko da matakin sukarin jini yayi ƙasa sosai. Amma haɗarin haɓaka ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta a cikin wannan yanayin yana ƙaruwa sau da yawa.

Mai karɓar insulin yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin aikin glucose homeostasis. Idan an rikita shi, wannan yana haifar da canje-canje a cikin sel, wanda ke tsokanar ci gaban cututtuka da yawa, a cikinsu akwai ba kawai ciwon sukari ba, har ma da ciwon daji.

Abin da ake yin insulin ga masu ciwon sukari

Idan akai la'akari da aikin insulin, mutum ba zai iya faɗi game da tasirinsa akan hanta ba. A cikin wannan sashin jikin ne yake sanya yawan glucose, kamar yadda yake, a ajiyar shi, yana sake shi lokacin da matakin sukari na jini ya fadi zuwa matsanancin matakan.

Kuma wata muhimmiyar ma'ana: insulin, kamar yadda muka ambata a sama, yana cikin aiwatar da glycolysis, yana kunna haɗin wasu enzymes, ba tare da abin da rushewar da kimar glucose ta sel ba zai yiwu ba.

Tasiri kan tsarin gina jiki

Insulin yana taka muhimmiyar rawa ba kawai a cikin metabolism metabolism ba, har ma a cikin furotin. Shine wanda ya samar da gutsuttsuran sunadarai wadanda suke zuwa tare da abinci cikin amino acid, wanda yake kunna tsarin kwayar halittar ku ta jiki. Tare da raunin insulin, wannan tsari ya rushe, wanda ke haifar da rikitarwa daban-daban. Bugu da kari, insulin yana kara karfin kwayar halittar DNA ta hanyar inganta halittar RNA.

Tasiri kan mai mai mai yawa

Insulin kuma yana ɗaukar aiki mai amfani a cikin lipogenesis - haɗuwar mai mai. Samuwar su na faruwa ne yayin lalatattun carbohydrates. Kuma mai kitse ma yana da matukar muhimmanci ga jiki, tunda ba tare da su ba akwai cin zarafin kitse, wanda ke tattare da haɓaka kiba da saka ƙwayoyin kitse a cikin gabobin ciki.

Inulin insulin

Tare da haɓakar ciwon sukari mellitus, kuna buƙatar yin aiki nan da nan. A matsayinka na doka, da farko mutane suna kamuwa da cutar T2DM, kuma kawai idan ba a bi abinci da magani ba, T1DM yana haɓaka, wanda kawai ba za'a iya magance shi ba tare da allurar insulin.

Tare da haɓaka nau'in ciwon sukari na 1, allurar insulin kawai zata baka damar komawa rayuwar ka ta yau da kullun

Zuwa yau, ana bambanta nau'ikan kwayoyi masu ɗauke da insulin:

• Saurin aiki. Sun fara aiki bayan mintuna 5 bayan gudanarwar subcutaneous kuma sun isa mafi girman matsayi bayan awa 1. Amma, irin waɗannan kwayoyi suna da matsala ɗaya - ba su daɗe ba, kuma dole ne a gabatar da gabatarwar su kafin kowane abinci ko tare da farawar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta.
• Short takaice. An lura da ingancin minti 30 bayan gudanarwa. Hakanan ana amfani da irin wannan injections kafin abinci. Ko yaya dai, tasirinsa ya daɗe fiye da na insulin aiki da sauri.
• Matsakaici mataki. Ana amfani da irin waɗannan kwayoyi a hade tare da saurin ɗaukar hanzari ko gajere. Ingantaccen aiki bayan shan su ana lura da awoyi da yawa.
• Dogon aiki. Hypoglycemic kwayoyi, da inganci wanda ake lura a ko'ina cikin yini. Koyaya, yin amfani da irin waɗannan magunguna ya zama dole tare da gajeren hanzari da aiki na hanzari. Ana amfani dasu sau da yawa a rana kafin cin abinci a lokuta na yau da kullun.

Wanne magani za a rubuta wa mai haƙuri ya dogara da halayensa na mutum da tsananin tsananin cutar. Don zaɓar maganin da ya dace, likitoci suna buƙatar yin nazarin halayen kwayoyin jini a cikin ƙarin daki-daki. A saboda wannan, ilimin halittar jini na ciwan ciki da na jini daga yatsa ya zama tilas.

Dangane da sakamakon gwajin, likita zai iya zaɓar ba kawai magani ba, har ma da maganin, wanda zai zama mafi inganci da aminci ga mai haƙuri. Tunda kuskuren sashi na insulin zai iya haifar da hypoglycemia da rikitarwa mai wuya. Sabili da haka, maganin kai kansa ba zai yiwu ba. Yin amfani da allurar insulin ya kamata ya faru a ƙarƙashin tsananin kulawar likita.