Ciwon sukari mellitus cuta ce ta tsarin endocrine, wanda aka bayyana ta hanyar take hakkin samar da insulin (hormone na ciki). Sakamakon shi ne canje-canje a kowane matakan tafiyar matakai na rayuwa, musamman kan sashin carbohydrates, tare da ƙarin damuwa a wani ɓangaren zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, narkewa, jijiyoyi da tsarin urinary.
Akwai nau'ikan cututtukan cuta guda 2: insulin-insulin-insulin-insulin-insulin-insulin-insulin-insulin-insulin-insulin-insulin-insulin-insulin-insulin-insulin-insulin-insulin-insulin-insulin-insulin-insulin-insulin-insulin-insulin-insulin-insurance Waɗannan halaye biyu ne daban-daban waɗanda ke da wata hanyar haɓaka daban-daban da dalilai masu tayar da hankali, amma haɗe kai ta babban alama - hyperglycemia (hawan jini).
Gano cutar ba ta da wahala. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar wucewa ta jerin gwaje-gwaje da kuma ƙaddamar da wani gwaji don ciwon sukari don karyata ko tabbatar da cutar da ake zargin.
Me yasa ake gwaji?
Don tabbatar da cewa binciken ya zama daidai, endocrinologist zai tura mara lafiyar don yin gwaje-gwaje na hadaddun gwaje-gwaje da kuma gudanar da wasu hanyoyin bincike, domin ba tare da wannan ba shi yiwuwa a tsara magani. Dole ne likita ya tabbatar cewa ya yi gaskiya kuma ya sami tabbacin 100%.
An tsara gwajin don kamuwa da cututtukan sukari na type 1 ko 2 don dalilai masu zuwa:
- yin daidaitaccen ganewar asali;
- sarrafa karfin kuzari yayin lokacin jiyya;
- tabbatar da canje-canje a lokacin biyan diyya da kuma keta haddi;
- lura da yanayin aikin kodan da cututtukan fata;
- lura da kai na matakan sukari;
- daidaitaccen zaɓi na sashi na wakilin hormonal (insulin);
- saka idanu da kuzari a lokacin haila a gaban cutar sankantarwar ciki ko tuhuma game da ci gaban;
- don bayyana gaban rikitarwa da matakin ci gaban su.
Gwajin hanji
Fitsari shine ruwan jiki na rayuwa wanda daga ciki yake saurin hada sinadarai, salts, abubuwan salula da kuma hadadden tsarin kwayoyin halitta. Binciken ƙididdigar ƙididdiga da na gwaji ya ba mu damar sanin yanayin gabobin ciki da tsarin jikin mutum.
Binciken ƙwayar cuta shine mahimmancin bincike.
Babban bincike na asibiti
Asali ne tushen kamuwa da cutar kowace cuta. Dangane da sakamakonsa, masana sun tsara ƙarin hanyoyin bincike. A yadda aka saba, babu ko sukari a cikin fitsari ko kuma adadi kaɗan. Abubuwan da suka halatta sun kai 0.8 mol / l. Tare da mafi kyawun sakamako, ya kamata kuyi tunani game da Pathology. Kasancewar sukari sama da al'ada ana kiranta kalmar "glucosuria."
Ana tattara fitsari safe bayan fitowar alwalar. An fitar da ƙaramin adadin zuwa bayan gida, ɓangaren tsakiya zuwa tanki mai bincike, sauran ɓangaren kuma zuwa bayan gida. Kwalba don bincike ya zama mai tsabta da bushe. Hannun a cikin sa'o'i 1.5 bayan tarin don hana murdiya sakamakon.
Nazarin yau da kullun
Yana ba ku damar ƙayyade tsananin matsalar glucosuria, wato, tsananin cutar da jijiyoyin cuta. Kashi na farko na fitsari bayan bacci ba a la'akari dashi, kuma farawa daga na biyu, ana tattara shi a cikin babban akwati, wanda aka adana a duk lokacin tarin (rana) a cikin firiji. A safiyar ranar gobe, fitsari ya karye har duka adadin yana da aiki iri ɗaya. A gefe guda, 200 ml an jefa kuma, tare da shugabanci, an mika su zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje.
Dayyade kasancewar jikin ketone
Jikin Ketone (acetone a cikin mutane na yau da kullun) samfuran samfurori ne na rayuwa, bayyanar wanda a cikin fitsari yana nuna kasancewar cututtukan jini daga gefen carbohydrate da mai metabolism. A cikin bincike na asibiti gaba ɗaya, ba shi yiwuwa a tantance kasancewar jikin acetone, don haka suka rubuta cewa ba su bane.
Ana gudanar da binciken gwajin inganci ne ta amfani da takamaiman halayen, idan likita da gangan ya ba da tabbacin ƙudurin sassan ketone:
- Hanyar Natelson - an ƙara sinadarin sulfuric acid a cikin fitsari, wanda ke fitar da acetone. Ana shafa shi da salcellic aldehyde. Idan jikin ketone ya kasance sama da al'ada, maganin zai zama ja.
- Nitroprusside gwaje-gwaje - sun haɗa da gwaje-gwaje da yawa ta amfani da sodium nitroprusside. A kowane ɗayan hanyoyin har yanzu akwai ƙarin kayan haɗin da suka bambanta da juna a cikin tsarin sunadarai. Abubuwan samfurori masu kyau suna lalata kayan gwajin a cikin tabarau daga ja zuwa shunayya.
- Gwajin Gerhardt - an ƙara adadin adadin sinadari na sinadarai na fitsari a cikin fitsari, wanda ke juyar da maganin giya mai launi tare da kyakkyawan sakamako.
- Gwaje-gwaje masu saurin sun haɗa da yin amfani da maganin kafe-kaɗe da kuma gwajin gwaji, waɗanda za a iya siyayya a kantin magani.
Eterayyade acetone a cikin fitsari tare da tsalle-tsalle zai hanzarta yin binciken cutar
Microalbumin tabbatar da dalilin
Ofaya daga cikin gwaje-gwaje don ciwon sukari, wanda ke ƙaddara kasancewar pathologies na kodan a kan asalin cutar cututtukan fata. Cutar masu fama da cutar sankara ce ta ci gaba da bankwana da masu ciwon sukari da ke dogaro da kai, kuma a cikin nau'in masu ciwon suga guda 2, kasancewar kariyar sunadarai a cikin fitsari na iya zama tabbacin cututtukan zuciya.
Don ganewar asali, ana tattara fitsari safe. Idan akwai wasu alamomi, to likita zai iya rubuta tarin bincike yayin rana, safe 4 sa'o'i ko 8 a dare. A lokacin tattarawar, ba za ku iya shan magunguna ba, a lokacin haila, ba a tattara fitsari.
Gwajin jini
Cikakken ƙidaya jini yana nuna canje-canje masu zuwa:
- ƙaruwar haemoglobin - mai nuna rashin ruwa a jiki;
- canje-canje a cikin ƙididdigar platelet zuwa ga thrombocytopenia ko thrombocytosis yana nuna kasancewar cututtukan haɗuwa da cuta;
- leukocytosis - mai nuna alama na tsarin kumburi a cikin jiki;
- hematocrit canje-canje.
Gwajin glucose na jini
Don samun sakamakon bincike na abin dogara, kar ku ci abinci, ku sha ruwa kawai 8 hours kafin bincike. Kada ku sha giya a ko'ina cikin yini. Kafin bincike kansa, kada ku goge hakora, kada kuyi amfani da tabo. Idan kuna buƙatar shan wasu magunguna, nemi shawarar likitan ku game da sokewa na ɗan lokaci.
Kwayar halittar jini
Yana ba ku damar ƙayyade aikin sukari a cikin jinin venous. A gaban ciwon sukari, ana lura da haɓaka sama da 7 mmol / L. Ana yin wannan binciken sau ɗaya a shekara, ba tare da la'akari da cewa mara lafiya yana sarrafa kansa ba dare ba rana.
A yayin jiyya, likita yana sha'awar waɗannan alamomin masu biochemistry a cikin masu ciwon sukari:
- cholesterol - yawanci ana ɗaukaka shi a cikin rashin lafiya;
- C-peptide - lokacin da aka rage nau'in 1 ko daidai yake da 0;
- fructosamine - ya karu sosai;
- triglycides - sosai ƙara;
- metabolism na gina jiki - a ƙasa da al'ada;
- insulin - tare da nau'in 1 an saukar da shi, tare da 2 - ƙa'idar ko ƙara ƙarancin ƙara.
Haƙuri na kamuwa da ciwon suga
Hanyar bincike tana nuna abin da canje-canje ke faruwa lokacin da sukari ya hau kan jiki. Bayan 'yan kwanaki kafin a aiwatar, kana buƙatar bin abincin da ke da ƙananan adadin carbohydrates. 8 hours kafin binciken, ƙi abinci.
Ana ɗaukar jini daga yatsa, kai tsaye bayan ƙaddamar da bincike, mara lafiya ya sha maganin glucose yana da takamaiman taro. Sa'a daya daga baya, ana sake yin gwajin jini. A cikin kowane samfurin gwajin, an ƙaddara matakin glucose.
Sakamakon sakamakon gwajin haƙuri na glucose
Mahimmanci! Bayan hanya, mai haƙuri ya kamata ya ci da kyau, tabbatar ya haɗa da carbohydrates a cikin abincin.
Glycated haemoglobin
Methodsaya daga cikin hanyoyi masu ba da labari wanda ke nuna adadin sukari a cikin jini don kwata na ƙarshe. Suna ba da shi a daidai mitar da safe a kan komai a ciki.
Abin da marasa lafiya ke buƙatar sani
Aboki na dindindin na marasa lafiya da ke fama da nau'in 1 da nau'in 2 ya kamata ya zama glucometer. Ta hanyar taimakonsa ne zaka iya tantance matakin sukari ba tare da tuntuɓar hukumomin kiwon lafiya na musamman ba.
Ana yin gwajin ne a gida kullun. Da safe kafin abinci, awa 2 bayan kowane abinci kuma a lokacin kwanta barci. Dukkanin alamu ya kamata a yi rikodin su a cikin wata takarda ta musamman don ƙwararrun masu karɓar baƙi za su iya kimanta bayanan da kuma tantance tasirin magani.
Ya kamata a aiwatar da ma'aunin sukari a cikin yankin na cikin yanayi
Bugu da kari, likita lokaci-lokaci yana tsara ƙarin hanyoyin yin bincike don tantance tasirin cutar da yanayin gabobin da aka yi niyya:
- kulawar matsin lamba koyaushe;
- electrocardiography da echocardiography;
- renoasografi;
- bincike na tiyata na jijiyoyin bugun jini da angiography na ƙananan ƙarshen;
- shawarwari na ophthalmologist da jarrabawar kuɗi;
- ergometry keke;
- jarrabawar kwakwalwa (idan akwai rikice-rikice masu wahala).
Ana yin nazari kan masu ciwon sukari lokaci-lokaci ta ƙwararren masanin ilimin ƙwayar cuta, likitan zuciya, likitan ido, neuro- da angiosurgeon, neuropathologist.
Bayan endocrinologist yayi irin wannan mummunan bincike, kuna buƙatar kula da dacewa da yarda da shawarwari da umarnin kwararrun. Wannan zai taimaka wajen kula da matakan sukari na al'ada, tsawan rai da hana haɓaka rikice-rikice na cutar.
