Nau'i Na 1 da Ciwon 2 na Cutar Cutar Ciki: Pathophysiology da Matsalolin Jiyya

Ciwon sukari mellitus an fara gano shi a cikin mutane na dogon lokaci. A wannan lokacin, magani ya sami damar yin nazarin cutar da kyau, saboda godiya da aka samu, yanzu kowane likita zai iya gane shi a sauƙaƙe.

Saboda cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta, ƙwararru sun fahimci makanikai na hanyarsa kuma sun ƙayyade mafi kyawun magani.

Pathology ilimin halittar jiki: menene?

Pathological physiology shine ilimin kimiyya wanda manufarsa ita ce yin nazarin rayuwar mara lafiyar mutum ko dabba.

Babban makasudin wannan jagorar shine nazarin hanyoyin ci gaba na cututtuka daban-daban da kuma hanyar warkarwa, kazalika da gano manyan dokoki da ayyukan ayyukan tsarin daban-daban da gabobin marasa lafiya.

Abin da Patholology na karatu

• ci gaba na matakai daban-daban na hanyoyin, da kuma sakamakon su;
• alamu na aukuwa na cututtuka;
• da yanayin ci gaban ayyukan physiological dangane da jihar jikin mutum da daban-daban pathologies.

Pathophysiology na ciwon sukari

Nau'in 1

An san cewa tsarin kwayar cutar pathophysiological don haɓaka nau'in I ciwon sukari yana dogara ne akan ƙaramin insulin da aka samar da ƙwayoyin endocrine.

Ciwon sukari gaba daya yana gudana a wannan matakin a cikin 5-10% na marasa lafiya, bayan wannan, ba tare da magani mai mahimmanci ba, yana fara ci gaba kuma ya zama sanadin ci gaba da rikitarwa masu yawa, ciki har da:

• masu ciwon sukari;
• gazawar koda
• ketoacidosis;
• maganin ciwon sukari;
• bugun jini;
• ciwon sukari na ƙafar ƙafa.

Sakamakon kasancewar karancin insulin, ƙwayoyin da ke dogara da kwayar halitta suna rasa ƙarfinsu don ɗaukar sukari, wannan yana haifar da hyperglycemia, wanda shine ɗayan manyan alamu na nau'in 1 ciwon sukari mellitus.

Sakamakon abin da ya faru na wannan tsari a cikin tso adi nama, lipids ya rushe, wanda ya zama dalilin ƙara matakin su, kuma tsarin rarraba furotin a cikin ƙwayar tsoka ya fara, wanda ke haifar da karuwar amino acid.

Nau'ikan 2

Za'a iya kwatanta nau'in II na ciwon sukari ta karancin insulin, wanda zai iya samun nau'ikan cuta guda 3:

1. sabon abu na juriya na insulin. Akwai cin zarafin aiwatar da sakamakon insulin, yayin da ake adana β-sel kuma ana iya samar da isasshen insulin;
2. karancin bayanan β-cell. Wannan keta haddin ƙwayar cuta ce wanda β sel ba su rushe ba, amma rage insulin ya ragu sosai;
3. Tasirin abubuwanda suka sabawa juna.

Abunda ya faru na jure insulin zai iya faruwa a matakan karɓa da postreceptor.

Hanyoyin karɓar mai karɓa sun haɗa da:

• lalata halayen masu karɓa ta hanyar tsattsauran ra'ayi da enzymes na lysosome;
• toshewar masu karɓar insulin ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke yin koyi da tsarinta;
• canji a cikin haɗarin masu karɓar insulin saboda abin da ya faru da lahani na ɗimbin kwayoyin halitta;
• raguwa a cikin ji na ƙwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa zuwa insulin yana faruwa saboda isasshen ci gaba mai ɗorewa a cikin tattarawar insulin a cikin jini a cikin mutanen da ke yawan yin amfani da kullun;
• wani canji a cikin haɗarin masu karɓar insulin saboda lahani ga ƙwayoyin halittar da ke da alhakin ƙirar polypeptides ɗin su.

Hanyoyin aikin bayan aikin sun hada da:

• take hakkin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali na kawar da sukari;
• kasawar jigilar masu gululul din mantuwa. Wannan aikin ana lura dashi galibi cikin mutane masu kiba.

Cutar Malaria

Masu ciwon sukari ya kamata su lura da yanayin su a hankali, sakaci da shawarar likitan zai haifar da ci gaban matsaloli daban-daban:

• m rikitarwa. Waɗannan sun haɗa da ketoacidosis (tarin ƙwayoyin ketone masu haɗari a cikin jiki), hyperosmolar (babban sukari da sodium a cikin plasma) da lacticidotic (taro na lactic acid a cikin jini) coma, hypoglycemia (raguwa mai mahimmanci a cikin glucose jini);
• rikitarwa na kullumni. Bayyanar, a matsayin mai mulkin, bayan shekaru 10-15 na kasancewar cutar. Ko da irin hali game da magani, ciwon sukari yana cutar da jiki, wanda ke haifar da rikice-rikice na jiki, irin waɗannan gabobin suna shan wahala: kodan (ƙonewa da ƙarancin abinci), tasoshin jini (ƙarancin permeability, wanda ke rikicewa ga yawan abubuwan da ke da amfani da oxygen), fata (ƙananan ƙaddamar da jini, rauni na trophic) ), tsarin juyayi (asarar ji, raunin kullun da ciwo);
• ƙarshen rikicewa. Irin wannan tasirin yakan haifar da sannu a hankali, amma wannan yana cutar da masu ciwon sukari. Daga cikin su: angiopathy (rashin ƙarfi na jijiyoyin jini), ƙafar mai ciwon sukari (ƙoshin fata da raunuka na ƙananan ƙarshen), retinopathy (ɓoye na retina), polyneuropathy (rashin hankali na hannaye da ƙafa don zafi da zafi).

Pathophysiological hanyoyin da ake bi don lura da ciwon sukari

Lokacin da kake magance kowane nau'in ciwon sukari, likitoci suna amfani da manyan ka'idodi uku:

1. maganin hypoglycemic;
2. ilimin haƙuri;
3. abinci.

Don haka, tare da nau'in farko, ana amfani da maganin insulin, tunda waɗannan marasa lafiya suna fuskantar ƙarancin ƙarancinsa, kuma suna buƙatar madadin wucin gadi. Babban burinta shi ne kara girman kwatankwacin yanayin halitta.

Dole ne a yanke shawarar ta hanyar likita kwantar da hankali ga kowane mai haƙuri daban-daban. Game da masu ciwon sukari nau'in 2, ana amfani da kwayoyi waɗanda ke rage sukarin jini ta hanyar fitsari.

Doka mai mahimmanci na kulawa don ganewar asali shine madaidaicin halayen mai haƙuri a gare shi. Likitoci kan kwashe lokaci mai yawa suna koyan hanyar da ta dace don zama tare da masu cutar siga.

Abinci yana jujjuya kayan abinci, an kawar da halaye marasa kyau da damuwa, an ƙara yawan motsa jiki na yau da kullun, kuma mai haƙuri zai buƙaci lura da alamomin glucose na yau da kullun na jini (akwai glucose ma'aunin hakan).

Wataƙila, marasa lafiya sun saba da abinci na musamman (tebur No. 9) na mafi tsawon lokaci.

Yana buƙatar wariyar samfurori da yawa, ko wanda zai musanya su. Misali, nama mai kitse, kifi da broths, kayan lemo da lemo, cuku gida, kirim, cheeses salted, man shanu, taliya, semolina, farin shinkafa, 'ya'yan itatuwa masu zaki, abincin gwangwani (gami da kayan lambu na gwangwani), ruwan' ya'yan itace tare da babban sukari soda.

Sauran abincin za a iya cinye su, amma ya kamata ka sa ido a kan adadin adadin kuzari da aka ci a rana, da kuma adadin carbohydrates - kar a yi yawa.

Bidiyo masu alaƙa

Game da cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta a cikin bidiyo:

Nazarin ilimin halittar mutum na ciwon sukari yana ba ka damar samun bayanai game da sifofin hanya da kuma maganin cutar. A nau'in farko da na biyu, ya bambanta.