Wannan cuta tana da sunaye da yawa: mai kisa mai-dadi, babban cuta a zamaninmu har ma da annoba ta ƙarni na 21. Ba a banza ba ne cewa ciwon sukari ya karbi duk “takensa”: kowace shekara yawan masu wannan cutar suna haɓaka koyaushe.
Kuma abin da yake baƙin ciki musamman - ko da yara masu zuwa na yara sun shiga cikin ƙididdiga. Ta yaya ciwon sukari yake haɓaka?
Zuwa yanzu, likitoci ba su da amsa ta ƙarshe, amma ta koyaushe nazarin cutar, za mu iya gano manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da ƙoƙarin hana ci gabanta.
Me ke haifar da ciwon sukari?
2 dalilai na farko na ciwon sukari an kafa daidai kafa:
- mutuwar kwayar beta. An samar da su ta hanta (pancreas). Waɗannan ƙwayoyin ne ke haifar da insulin. Kuma dalilin mutuwarsu yana cikin "kuskuren" na rigakafi. Saboda dalilai da har yanzu ba a san su ba, yana ɗaukar ƙwayoyin lafiya na ƙwayoyin cuta daga ƙasashen waje kuma yana neman halaka su. Maganin cutar shine nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari. Ana kuma kiranta ƙarami;
- rigakafi ta hanyar kwayoyin insulin. Wannan tsarin galibi ana lura dashi a cikin mutane masu kiba, saboda suna cin abinci mai yawa na abinci mai narkewa. Maganin cutar shine ciwon sukari na 2.
Nau'in 1 (insulin-dogara)
Irin wannan nau'in ciwon sukari galibi yana shafar matasa (40an shekaru 40), masu haɗari ga laushi. Hoto na asibiti yana da wahala; ana buƙatar allurar insulin kullun don magani. Alas, bai kamata ku dogara da cikakken murmurewa ba, tunda ba a fahimci yanayin lalacewar tasirin rigakafi akan aikin ƙwayar cuta ba.
Nau'ikan 2 (wanda ba insulin ba)
A wannan yanayin, mutane suna zama "manufa". A matsayinka na mai mulki, duk sun kasance masu kiba. Daga sunan ya bayyana sarai cewa allurar a cikin wannan yanayin ana iya magance ta.
Lokacin da aka gano cutar, da farko, ana haɓaka abinci na musamman ga mai haƙuri. Aikin mai haƙuri shine kiyaye shi sosai kuma ya daidaita nauyin su.
Idan waɗannan matakan basu isa ba, an tsara magunguna na musamman, kuma insulin yana da wuya sosai, kawai a matsayin wurin zama na ƙarshe.
Gestational
Wannan cuta halayen mata ne kawai, kamar yadda sunan ya nuna. Bayan wannan, lokacin haihuwa shine lokacin haihuwar yaro.
Ana gano wannan nau'in ciwon sukari kawai a cikin 3-5% na lokuta. A wannan yanayin, mahaifiyar mai fata kafin haihuwa, matakin glucose yawanci al'ada ne.
Cutar sankarar mahaifa yawanci yakan ƙare bayan haihuwa. Amma akwai hatsarin da zai iya ci gaba yayin ciki na gaba. Hadarin yana da girma sosai - 70%.
Steroid
Nau'in steroid na ciwon sukari yana da wani suna - warkewa. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa bayyanar sa ya riga ta zuwa ɗaukar dogon lokaci na magungunan hormonal ta mai haƙuri.
A sakamakon haka, jiki yana ɗaukar babban adadin corticosteroids. Idan mai haƙuri yana da metabolism na al'ada na carbohydrate, ƙwayar yawan ƙwayoyi zai haifar da nau'i mai laushi kawai na cutar, wanda zai ɓace gaba ɗaya bayan cire magunguna.
Amma idan akwai nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, to, a cikin 60% na lokuta cutar za ta iya zama sifar da ta dogara da insulin.
Ciwon sukari a cikin yara
Mafi sau da yawa, a cikin yara 6-11 years old, ana gano nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari. Akwai lokuta na cutar a cikin jarirai. Dalilin shi ne yanayin gado wanda aka haɗu da mummunan kamuwa da cuta ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo. Ana samun cutar nau'in 2 a cikin yara masu kiba.
Wanene zai iya rashin lafiya: dalilai masu haɗari
Ciwon sukari na iya ci gaba idan akwai:
- hanyar gado, lokacin da dangi na kusa ya kamu da ciwon sukari na kowane nau'in. Idan mahaifin ba shi da lafiya, haɗarin haɓakar ƙwayar cuta a cikin yaro shine 10%, idan mahaifiyar ita ce kawai 2%;
- mummunan rauni ko lalacewar cututtukan fitsari;
- hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri kamuwa da cuta;
- tsawanta amfani da wasu nau'ikan magunguna;
- akai damuwa;
- karamin nauyi na jiki;
- shekaru: mafi girma shine, mafi girman hadarin.
Menene zai faru da ciwon sukari tare da jiki?
Mahimmancin ƙwayar cuta shine rashin iyawar hanji don ƙirƙirar insulin. Kuma me yasa ake buƙatar wannan hormone?Gaskiyar ita ce kwayar halitta an tsara ta ta hanyar da kawai ba zata iya ɗaukar glucose ba - abinci mai mahimmanci don wanzuwar ta.
Amma insulin zai iya yin wannan. Yana aiki azaman maɓalli wanda ke "buɗe" tantanin don insulin.
Lokacin da akwai karancin hormone a cikin jini, glucose (bayan hadaddun abubuwan da ake sarrafa su ta abinci daga abinci) bazai iya shiga sel kuma ya tara suba. Halin yana da rikitarwa: tare da yawan sukari mai yawa, ƙwayoyin suna ci gaba da fama da matsananciyar yunwa.
Menene zai faru da glucose na gaba? Abun kyallen da basa buƙatar "sabis" na insulin. Kuma idan glucose ta tara abubuwa da yawa, ana shan ta sosai.
Muna magana ne game da sel kai da kuma ƙarshen jijiya. Su ne farkon waɗanda za a buga. Saboda haka, alamun farko na cutar suna bayyana ne a cikin migraines, hangen nesa mai rauni da gajiya.
Don haka, tare da ciwon sukari, akwai masu rikice-rikice kamar:
- rashin wasu kwayoyin halittu da kuma wuce haddi na wasu: tsananin rashin insulin, kuma glycated (candied) haemoglobin, akasin haka, ya zama ya zama dole;
- cuta cuta na rayuwa. A al'ada, carbohydrates suna ba da makamashi (abinci mai gina jiki) ga dukkan ƙwayoyin jikin mutum. Idan lalacewa ta jiki ya faru, matakin sukari na jini ya ɓace: ko dai yana ƙaruwa ko ragewa;
- take hakkin ayyukan da ke tattare da cutar koda da sauran gabobin jiki.
A yadda aka saba, kumburin kansa yana samarda insulin a fannoni 2:
- a dare da tsakanin abinci. A wannan lokacin, aikin kwayar halitta yana tafiya daidai kuma koyaushe;
- bayan cin abinci, lokacin da asirin hormone ke ƙaruwa kamar yadda ya zama dole don kula da sukari na al'ada.
Sakamakon lalacewar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, glycosylation na sunadarai membrane yana faruwa. Kuma wannan shine babban dalilin rikicewar cuta na gaba da yawancin gabobin da kyallen takarda.
Yaya saurin cutar ke ci gaba?
Hanya ta nau'in cuta ta 1 tana faruwa cikin sauri da wahala - a cikin fewan kwanaki.
Yana faruwa cewa a wannan yanayin mutum na iya fadawa cikin rashin lafiya, kuma za'a nemi asibiti na gaggawa. Bambanci tsakanin nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 yana cikin haɓaka mara nauyi, yana shimfiɗa tsawon shekaru.
Samuwa da rauni akai-akai, asarar hangen nesa da rauni, ƙwaƙwalwar bazai iya gane cewa waɗannan alamomin ciwon sukari bane.
Hoton asibiti na ciwon suga
Akwai nau'ikan alamomi guda 2: na farko da na sakandare.
Mahimmin alamun sun hada da:
- polyuria (mara lafiya yakanyi sau da yawa urinates, musamman da daddare). Don haka jiki yakan rabu da yawan sukari;
- polyphagylokacin da mai haƙuri yake son cin abinci koyaushe;
- polydipsia. Saboda yawan urination akai-akai, rashin ruwa yakan faru;
- asarar nauyi. Sau da yawa ana lura da cutar ta 1. Duk da kyakkyawan ci, mai haƙuri yana rasa kilo.
Alamar sakandare:
- fata da itching na ciki;
- rauni na tsoka da jijiyar wuya;
- tingling da / ko numbness na wata gabar jiki;
- hangen nesa
- ciwon kai
- fitsari acetone (don nau'in ciwon sukari 1);
- talauci warkar da raunuka.
Hoto na asibiti game da cutar a cikin jarirai ba a bayyane yake ba. Jikin gida a shirye suke su shayar da ƙirjinsu, suna iya saka nauyi mara nauyi, kuma akai-akai urination yayi kama da na kimiyyar lissafi. Amma uwaye za su mai da hankali sosai a kan tsaurin wanki bayan jaririn ya yi urin, kuma wannan shine lokaci don yin hankali.
Menene rikice-rikice ga masu ciwon sukari?
Hyperglycemia da hauhawar jini
Lokacin da aka gano wani rashi na sukari (kasa da 2.8 mmol) a cikin jikin mutum, cututtukan jini na faruwa. Hadarinsa shine haɓaka mai sauri, wanda ya ɓata tare da asarar hankali. Wani mummunan nau'in cutar yana haifar da matakai masu lalacewa na kwakwalwa. Sanadin rikitarwa na iya zama wuce haddi na magunguna ko yawan yin azumi. Za'a iya ɗaukar rauni na hypoglycemia mai lahani.
Hyperglycemia shine sakamakon karancin insulin, daga nan sai sukari mai yawa. Manyan mahimmancin alamominsa ma suna barazanar mai haƙuri da rashin lafiyar. Hadarin wannan rikicewar shine yiwuwar ci gaban ketonuria ko ketoacidosis.
Dalilin shine rashin glucose don abinci mai gina jiki. Jiki a cikin wannan yanayin yana fara rushe kitsen, yana sakin acetone. Yawan wuce haddi da sauri yana lalata gabobin duka.
Kafar ciwon sukari
Footafarin ciwon sukari cuta ce mai saurin kamuwa da cuta. Pathogenesis yana faruwa ne sakamakon karancin jini a cikin jijiyoyin jini, tasoshin, da kuma jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jiki. Tunda hankalinsu ya ragu, raunuka ko cutarwa na mai haƙuri ba su da damuwa.
Kafar ciwon sukari
Zai iya ma lura da cutar da aka yi masa a cikin ruhun ciki. Mafi sau da yawa, yankin ƙafafun yana shafar. Wannan mai fahimta ne, saboda yana ɗaukar nauyin babban nauyi lokacin tafiya. Craanyan fashe suna bayyana da farko. Sa'an nan kuma kamuwa da cuta ya shiga daga gare su, kuma purulent samuwar tasowa.
Rashin jin daɗi
A wannan yanayin, ƙananan jiragen ruwa sun faɗi ƙarƙashin tasirin ciwon sukari. Cutar Angola na faruwa lokacin da ciwon sukari ya daɗe (fiye da shekaru 10).
Babban glucose yana lalata kyallen ganuwar tasoshin jini, yana sa su zama wani wuri da bakin ciki kuma wani lokacin farin ciki.
Akwai cin zarafin zubar jini na yau da kullun, kuma gabobin sun rasa oxygen da abinci mai gina jiki. Mafi sau da yawa fiye da wasu, kafafu (2/3 na kowane yanayi) da zuciya suna wahala. Retinopathy bai zama ruwan dare gama gari idan jiragen ruwa masu lalacewa suka lalace ba zasu iya samarda jini ga retina ba.
Kwayar cuta
Nephropathy rikitarwa ne na ciwon sukari a cikin kodan, mafi daidai, akan abubuwan da ke tacewa - nephron glomeruli.
Babban sukari yana rushe tsarin su, kuma ƙari mai ƙari suna shiga fitsari (wannan bai kamata ya zama al'ada ba).
Thearfin cutar yana lalata kodan, yayin da jiki ke asarar furotin. Yana haifar da kumburi.
Lokacin da kodan ya daina aiki, ana gano gazawar koda.
Cutar masu ciwon sukari
Ciki mai matukar hatsarin kamuwa da cutar sankara mai nau'ikan nau'ikan. Rashin insulin yana haifar da tarin adadin kwayoyin jikin acetone (ko ketones).
Sakamakon shine haɓakar ƙwayar cutar ketoacidotic. Lokacin da yawan wuce haddi na glucose da lactate (samfuran fashewar abubuwan lalacewa), coma ake kira hyperosmolar ko hyperlactacPs.
Ta yaya za a taimaka wa mara lafiya ya dakatar da haɓakar cutar?
Nasarar warkarwa zata dogara ne akan haɗin gwiwa na likitan halartar da kuma haƙuri da kansa.Mai haƙuri da ciwon sukari ya kamata a bi duk shawarar da endocrinologist a cikin al'amuran abinci da rayuwa.
Kuma kodayake abincin abinci don ciwon sukari shine babban lamari, magungunan rigakafin zai taimaka wa mai haƙuri ya guji kuskuren abinci kuma ya daidaita matakan sukari.
Bidiyo masu alaƙa
A kan kayan haɓaka haɓaka da hoton asibiti na nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 a cikin bidiyon:
