Cutar fitsarin mutum, saboda dalilai daban-daban, yawanci basa iya samar da insulin. Sannan kuna buƙatar amfani da insulin da aka yiwa ɗabi'a, wanda ya maye gurbin insulin ɗan adam.
Ana samun nau'in insulin na ɗan adam ko dai a cikin kwayar ta Escherichia coli, ko daga insulin insulin ta hanyar maye gurbin amino acid ɗaya.
Don sauƙaƙawa aiki na yau da kullun na ɗan adam, ana yin allurar insulin. An zaɓi nau'in insulin dangane da nau'in rashin lafiya da jin daɗin haƙuri. Ana iya gudanar da insulin a cikin ciki ko cikin jijiyar wuya. Don magani na tsawon rai da dogon lokaci, injections subcutaneous galibi ana amfani dasu.
Abubuwan insulin
Insulin da ke fama da cutar sikila wanda yake buƙatar tsawon rayuwa. Rayuwar mutum yana dogara da kasancewar insulin. An gano cutar a matsayin annoba marassa tushe kuma tana sahun gaba a matsayi na uku dangane da mamayewar duniya.
A karo na farko, an kirkiro insulin daga cututtukan kare na kare. Bayan shekara guda, an gabatar da maganin a cikin amfani da shi sosai. Bayan shekaru 40, ya zama mai yiwuwa a samar da kwayoyin halittar ta hanyar sunadarai.
Bayan wani lokaci, samfuran insulin tare da babban matakin tsarkakewa. Har ila yau, ana ci gaba da aikin samar da insulin na mutum. Tun daga 1983, aka fara fitar da wannan kwayar halittar a ma'aunin masana'antu.
A baya can, an kula da ciwon sukari tare da kwayoyi da aka yi daga dabbobi. Yanzu an haramta amfani da irin wadannan kwayoyi. A cikin kantin magunguna, zaka iya siyan injiniyan ƙwaƙwalwa ne kawai, halittar waɗannan magungunan an samo asali ne daga ɗaukar samfuran kwayar halittar cikin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta.
A saboda wannan dalili, ana amfani da yisti ko wani nau'in ƙwayar cuta mara amfani da ƙwayar cuta ta E. coli. A sakamakon haka, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna fara samar da insulin na hormone don ɗan adam.
Rashin lafiyar insulin na zamani ya sha bamban:
- lokacin daukar hotuna, akwai gajere, ultrashort da insulins da dadewa,
- jerin amino acid.
Hakanan akwai magunguna masu haɗuwa waɗanda ake kira mahaɗa. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na waɗannan kudade akwai insulin aiki da gajere.
Samun insulin zai iya nunawa a cikin cututtukan kamar:
- Ketoacidosis mai ciwon sukari ne,
- Lactic acid, mai ciwon sukari da kuma hypersmolar coma,
- Type 1 ciwon sukari insulin
- Tare da kamuwa da cuta, ayyukan tiyata, daɗaɗɗar cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta,
- Cutar sankarar mahaifa da / ko aikin nakasa mai juna biyu, ciki da haihuwa,
- Nau'in marassa lafiyar insulin-insulin -2 wanda ba na insulin-insulin tare da tsayayya da wakilai na maganin cututtukan mahaifa,
- Cutar fata ta dystrophic,
- Mai tsananin asthenization a cikin wasu hanyoyin,
- Tsarin kamuwa da cuta mai tsawo.
Lokacin insulin
Daga cikin lokaci da kuma tsarin aikin, an bambanta insulin:
- ultrashort
- gajere
- matsakaici na tsawon lokaci
- tsawaita aikin.
Ultrashort insulins suna aiki nan da nan bayan allura. Ana samun ingantaccen sakamako bayan awa daya da rabi.
Tsawon lokacin aiki ya kai awowi 4. Ana iya sarrafa wannan nau'in insulin ko dai kafin abinci ko kuma nan da nan bayan abinci. Samun wannan insulin baya buƙatar dakatarwa tsakanin allura da abinci.
Ultrashort insulin baya buƙatar ƙarin abinci a lokacin ganiya, wanda yafi dacewa da sauran nau'ikan. Irin wannan insulin ya hada da:
- Apidra
- Insulin Novorapid,
- Humalogue.
Short insulins fara aiki bayan rabin sa'a. Babban ganima yana fara aiki bayan sa'o'i 3. Wannan aikin ya dauki tsawon awanni 5. Ana sarrafa wannan nau'in insulin kafin abinci, kuna buƙatar kula da ɗan hutu tsakanin allura da abinci. An halasta cin abinci bayan mintina 15.
Yin amfani da insulin gajeran aiki, kuna buƙatar samun abun ciye-ciye 'yan sa'o'i bayan allura. Lokacin abinci, ya kamata ya zo daidai da lokacin lokacin da ake yin ƙwazo. Short insulins sune:
- Ya Sauke Sauri,
- Aiki
- Monodar (K50, K30, K15),
- Insuman Rapid,
- Humodar da sauransu.
Matsakaici na tsaka-tsakin yanayi magunguna ne wanda tsawon lokacin aikinsa yakai awowi 12-16. A cikin nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari, ana amfani da insulin na mutum a matsayin tushen ko basal. Wani lokaci kuna buƙatar yin allura sau 2 ko sau 3 a rana da safe da maraice tare da hutu na awa 12.
Irin wannan insulin ya fara aiki bayan sa'o'i 1-3, yana kai kololuwa bayan awanni 4-8. Tsawon lokaci shine awa 12-16. Magungunan matsakaici sun haɗa da:
- Humodar br
- Protafan
- Humulin NPH,
- Nuwammar.
- Insuman Bazal.
Insulins na dogon lokaci shine asali ko insalin insali. Mutum na iya buƙatar allura guda ɗaya ko biyu kowace rana. Ana amfani dasu a cikin maganin cututtukan type 2.
Ana shayar da kwayoyi ta hanyar tasiri. Sakamakon sashi yakan bayyana ne bayan kwanaki 2-3. Tsawon aiki mai ɗaukar hankali yana aiki tsawon sa'o'i 4-6 bayan allura. Babban aikinsu yana faruwa ne a cikin awanni 11-14, aikin da kanshi yakai kusan kwana guda.
A cikin waɗannan magungunan, akwai insulins waɗanda basu da babban matakin aiki. Irin waɗannan kudade suna aiki a hankali kuma mafi yawanci suna kwaikwayon tasirin ƙwayar halitta a cikin mutum mai lafiya.
Wadannan insulins sun hada da:
- Lantus
- Karawan Dogon Rana,
- Karatun Monodar,
- Karin
- Daga baya,
- Humulin L da sauransu,
- Lantus
- Levemir.
Sakamakon sakamako da cin zarafi sashi
Tare da yawaitar shirye-shiryen insulin a cikin mutane, mai zuwa na iya bayyana:
- Rashin ƙarfi
- Gumi mai sanyi
- Pallor
- Rawar jiki
- Ajiyar zuciya
- Ciwon kai
- Yunwar
- Cramps.
Dukkan abubuwan da ke sama ana ɗauka alamun bayyanar cututtuka na hypoglycemia. Idan yanayin ya fara tashi kuma ya kasance a farkon matakai, zaku iya cire alamun bayyanar kansu. A saboda wannan dalili, ɗauka samfura tare da sukari da kuma wadataccen carbohydrates masu sauƙin digestible.
Hakanan, za'a iya gabatar da bayani na dextrose da glucagon a cikin jiki. Idan mai haƙuri ya fadi a cikin wari, ya kamata a gudanar da wani maganin da ya dace. Ana amfani dashi har sai yanayin ya inganta.
Wasu marasa lafiya na iya haɓaka rashin lafiyan insulin. Daga cikin alamun farko akwai:
- Rushewa
- Kurajewa,
- Urticaria,
- Rash
- Zazzaɓi
- Itching
- Rage saukar karfin jini.
Hyperglycemia na faruwa ne sakamakon karancin magunguna ko tare da haɓakar cuta mai kamuwa da cuta, tare da rashin bin ka'idodin abincin. Wani lokaci mutum yana haɓaka lipodystrophy inda ake sarrafa maganin.
Lokacin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi na iya faruwa akan lokaci na ɗan lokaci:
- Kaya,
- Damuwa
- Rashin ci.
Samun madadin hormone maimakon insulin ɗan adam babbar hanya ce don magance ciwon sukari. Abun yana taimakawa rage matakan glucose a cikin jini, saboda gaskiyar cewa glucose ya fi kyau ta hanyar kwayar halitta, tsarin jigilar sufuri. Wadannan kwayoyi suna maye gurbin insulin na mutum, amma yakamata a sha shi kamar yadda likita ya umurce shi, saboda akwai yiwuwar sakamakon rashin lafiyar.
Jagorori masu mahimmanci don amfani
Matan da ke da ciwon sukari ya kamata su sanar da mai kula da lafiyar su game da shirin ko farawar juna biyu. Irin wannan nau'in mata galibi suna buƙatar lactation don canza sashi na insulin, da abinci.
Bincike mai guba na shirye-shiryen insulin, masana kimiyya ba su sami tasirin mutagenic ba.
Yana da kyau a lura cewa buƙatar homonin zai iya raguwa idan mutum yana da gaɓar koda. Za'a iya tura mutum zuwa wani nau'in insulin ko kuma magani ga wani nau'in alama ta alama kawai a ƙarƙashin kulawa ta lafiya.
Dole ne a daidaita sashi idan aikin insulin, nau'in sa ko nau'in nau'in sa an canza shi. Bukatar insulin na iya raguwa tare da cututtuka masu zuwa:
- Adearancin aiki mara nauyi, glandon thyroid ko glandon ciki,
- Ciwon mara da na koda.
Tare da damuwa na damuwa ko wasu cututtuka, buƙatar insulin yana ƙaruwa. Hakanan ana buƙatar canji cikin sashi tare da ƙarin ƙarfin motsa jiki.
Bayyanar cututtukan hypoglycemia, idan ana gudanar da insulin na ɗan adam, ƙila ba za a faɗi sosai ba ko kuma bambanta da wanda ke tare da gabatarwar insulin asalin dabbobi.
Tare da daidaituwa na sukari na jini, alal misali, sakamakon kulawa mai zurfi tare da insulin, duk ko wasu bayyanar cututtuka na hypoglycemia na iya ɓacewa, game da abin da ya kamata a sanar da mutane.
Maganin cututtukan hypoglycemia na iya canzawa ko zama mai ladabi tare da tsawan magani na cutar sankara ko tare da amfani da abubuwan hana-jini.
Za'a iya haifar da rashin lafiyan gida ta hanyar dalilai waɗanda basu da alaƙa da tasirin magani, alal misali, haushi na fata tare da magunguna ko allurar da ba ta dace ba.
A wasu halaye na samuwar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta a koyaushe, farji na gaggawa ya zama dole. Hakanan ana iya buƙatar sa a hankali zuwa canji ko canza insulin.
Tare da hypoglycemia a cikin mutane, yawan tattara hankali da saurin yadda psychomotor zai iya raguwa. Wannan na iya zama haɗari a cikin yanayi idan waɗannan ayyukan suna da mahimmanci. Misali shine tuki mota ko wasu hanyoyin daban-daban.
Yakamata a shawarci mutanen da suke da cutar siga suyi taka tsantsan don kaucewa yawan zubar jini yayin tuki motocin.
Wannan yana da matukar muhimmanci ga mutanen da suke da alamun cutar da ba a bayyana su ba, wanda ke haifar da cutar sikari. A waɗannan halayen, likita mai halartar aikin dole ne ya tantance buƙatar haƙuri game da tuki. Bidiyo a cikin wannan labarin zaiyi magana game da nau'ikan insulin.
