Harkokin insulin yana da halayyar maye, saboda babban aikin tiyata shine rama ga rashin damuwa a cikin ƙwayoyin carbohydrate ta hanyar gabatar da magani na musamman a ƙarƙashin fata. Irin wannan magani yana shafar jiki har da insulin na asali wanda ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta hanji. A wannan yanayin, magani cikakke ne ko kuma ɓangare.
Daga cikin magungunan da ake amfani da shi don kamuwa da cuta, ɗayan mafi kyawun shine insulin Isofan. Magungunan ya ƙunshi insulin ilimin ɗan adam na matsakaici na tsawon lokaci.
Ana samun kayan aiki a fannoni daban-daban. Ana sarrafa shi ta hanyoyi guda uku - subcutaneously, intramuscularly da intravenously. Wannan yana bawa mai haƙuri damar zaɓin mafi kyawun zaɓi don sarrafa matakin glycemia.
Alamu don amfani da sunayen kasuwancin magani
Amfani da maganin yana nunawa ga nau'in ciwon sukari da ke dogaro da cutar siga. Haka kuma, tiyata ya kamata ya zama tsawon rai.
Insulin kamar yadda Isofan magani ne na ɗan adam wanda aka tsara ta irin waɗannan halaye:
- nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 (insulin-dogara);
- hanyoyin tiyata;
- juriya da wakilai na hypoglycemic da aka dauka ta wani ɓangare na magani mai wahala;
- cututtukan cututtukan mahaifa (in babu tasirin maganin maganin rage cin abinci);
- Ilimin aikin likita
Kamfanonin magunguna suna samar da insulin ɗabi'ar ɗan adam a ƙarƙashin sunaye daban-daban. Mafi mashahuri sune Vozulim-N, Biosulin-N, Protafan-NM, Insuran-NPH, Gensulin-N.
Ana amfani da wasu nau'ikan insulin na Isofan tare da sunayen cinikin da ke gaba:
- Insumal;
- Humulin (NPH);
- Pensulin;
- Isofan insulin NM (Protafan);
- Actrafan
- Insulidd H;
- Biogulin N;
- Protafan-NM Penifill.
Yana da kyau a lura cewa amfani da kowane iri ɗaya na insulin Isofan ya kamata a yarda da likita.
Aikin magunguna
Insulin ɗan adam yana da tasirin hypoglycemic. Magungunan yana hulɗa tare da masu karɓar ƙwayar sel ta cytoplasmic, yana samar da hadaddun insulin-receptor. Yana kunna ayyukan da ke faruwa a cikin sel kuma yana yin babban enzymes (glycogen synthetase, pyruvate kinase, hexokinase, da sauransu).
Rage yawan tattarawar sukari ana faruwa ne ta hanyar kara jigilar kwayar cutar cikin jikin mutum, da rage girman yawan samarda glucose ta hanta, kwantar da hankalin mutum da kuma kara shan glucose ta kyallen. Hakanan, insulin ɗan adam yana aiki da tsarin furotin, glycogenogenesis, lipogenesis.
Tsawon lokacin da miyagun ƙwayoyi ya dogara da saurin sha, kuma ya kasance saboda dalilai daban-daban (yanki na gudanarwa, hanya da kashi). Saboda haka, ingancin insulin Isofan na iya zama ambaliyar ruwa a cikin masu haƙuri ɗaya da sauran masu ciwon sukari.
Sau da yawa bayan allura, ana lura da tasirin magungunan bayan awa 1.5. Mafi girma a cikin inganci yana faruwa a cikin sa'o'i 4-12 bayan gudanarwa. Yawan aiki - wata rana.
Don haka, cikar cirewa da kuma fara aikin wakili ya dogara ne da dalilai kamar su:
- yankin allura (buttock, cinya, ciki);
- mai aiki abu;
- sashi.
Shirye-shiryen insulin na mutum yana rarraba ba daidai ba a cikin kyallen. Ba su shiga cikin mahaifa ba su sha da madara.
An lalata su ta hanyar insulinase galibi a cikin kodan da hanta, an keɓe su tare da kodan a cikin adadin 30-80%.
Sashi da gudanarwa
Umarnin don amfani da insulin Izofan ya ce ana yin sarrafa shi sau da yawa har sau 2 a rana kafin karin kumallo (minti 30-45). A wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar canza wurin allura a kullun kuma adana sirinji da aka yi amfani da shi a zazzabi a ɗakin, da kuma sabon cikin firiji.
Wasu lokuta ana gudanar da maganin ta intramuscularly. Kuma hanyar da ake amfani da ita wajen amfani da insulin matsakaici ba a amfani da ita.
Ana yin lissafin sashi daban-daban ga kowane mara lafiya, gwargwadon matakin yawan sukari a cikin magudanan halittu da kuma irin cutar. A matsayinka na mai mulki, matsakaiciyar maganin yau da kullun ya tashi daga 8-24 IU.
Idan marasa lafiya suna da rashin hankali ga insulin, to, mafi kyawun adadin maganin yau da kullum shine 8 IU. Tare da rauni mara kyau na hormone, sashi yana ƙaruwa - daga 24 IU kowace rana.
Lokacin da yawan samfurin yau da kullun ya fi 0.6 IU a 1 kg na taro, to ana yin allura 2 a sassa daban daban na jiki. Marasa lafiya tare da kashi 100 na yau da kullum na 100 IU ko fiye ya kamata a asibiti idan an maye gurbin insulin.
Haka kuma, lokacin canja wuri daga wani nau'in samfurin zuwa wani, ya zama dole don saka idanu da abubuwan sukari.
Rashin Amincewa da Yawan .auka
Yin amfani da insulin na mutum na iya haifar da alamun rashin lafiyar. Mafi yawan lokuta, shine angioedema (hypotension, shortness of fever, zazzabi) da urticaria.
Hakanan, wuce sashi zai iya haifar da hauhawar jini, ta bayyanar da alamu masu zuwa:
- rashin bacci
- blanching na fata;
- Damuwa
- hyperhidrosis;
- tsoro
- jihar m;
- bugun zuciya;
- ciwon kai
- rikicewar hankali;
- rikicewar vestibular;
- yunwa
- rawar jiki da kaya.
Abubuwan da ke haifar da sakamako sun haɗa da acidicis na ciwon sukari da hyperglycemia, waɗanda ke fitowa ta fuskokin fuskoki, amai, rashin ci da ƙishirwa. Mafi sau da yawa, irin waɗannan yanayi suna haɓakawa da asalin cututtukan da ke kama da zazzabi, lokacin da aka rasa allura, sashi ba daidai bane, kuma idan ba a bi abincin ba.
Wani lokacin wani sahihanci yakan faru. A cikin mawuyacin yanayi, yanayin precoatous da coma na haɓaka.
A farkon magani, rikicewar rikicewar rikice rikice a cikin aikin gani na iya faruwa. Hakanan ana ƙara yawan haɓakar ƙarar rigakafin jikin insulin tare da ci gaba na glycemia da rigakafi na halayen giciye tare da insulin ɗan adam.
Sau da yawa shafin allurar yana kumbura da ƙonewa. A wannan yanayin, ƙananan ƙwayoyin tsoka mai ƙwanƙwasa jini ko atrophies. Kuma a matakin farko na farjin, lamuran wucin gadi na shakatawa da kumburi na iya faruwa.
Game da yawan shan kwayoyi na hormonal, matakin sukari na jini ya ragu sosai. Wannan yana haifar da hypoglycemia, kuma wani lokacin mai haƙuri ya faɗi cikin rashin lafiya.
Idan kashi ya ɗan ɗanɗano kaɗan, ya kamata ku ɗauki abinci mai yawan carb (cakulan, farin burodi, yi, alewa) ko kuma ku sha abin sha mai daɗi. Game da kasala, ana ba da ma'anar dextrose (40%) ko glucagon (s / c, v / m) ga mai haƙuri a ciki / ciki.
Lokacin da mai haƙuri ya sake farkawa, ya zama dole don ciyar da shi abinci mai wadata a cikin carbohydrates.
Wannan zai hana komawar haila da cututtukan zuciya.
Haɗa kai da shawarwari masu mahimmanci
Ba a amfani da dakatarwa don hana gudanarwar sc tare da mafita daga wasu magunguna. A co-gwamnati da sulfonamides, ACE / Mao / carbonic anhydrase, NSAIDs, ethanol hanawa, anabolic steroids, chloroquine, androgens, quinine, bromocriptine, pirodoksin, tetracyclines, lithium shirye-shirye, clofibrate, fenfluramine, Ketonozolom, Tsiklofosvamidom, theophylline, mebendazole kara habaka hypoglycemic sakamako.
Rage rauni na hypoglycemic mataki taimaka zuwa:
- H1-histamine mai hana masu karɓa;
- Glucagon;
- Somatropin;
- Epinephrine;
- GCS;
- Phenytoin;
- maganin hana haihuwa;
- Epinephrine;
- Estrogens;
- masu maganin tashin zuciya
Bugu da ƙari, raguwar sukari yana haifar da haɗakar amfani da insulin Isofan tare da madauki da thiazide diuretics, Klondin, BMKK, Diazoxide, Danazol, hormones thyroid, maganin tricyclic antidepressants, sympathomimetics, Heparin da sulfinpyrazone. Nicotine, marijuana da morphine suma suna kara yawan jini.
Pentamidine, beta-blockers, Octreotide da Reserpine zasu iya haɓaka ko raunana glycemia.
Gargaɗi don yin amfani da Isofan insulin shine cewa mutumin da ke da ciwon sukari yakamata ya canza wuraren da za a ba da allurar insulin. Bayan haka, hanyar kawai don hana bayyanar lipodystrophy.
Da keɓaɓɓen asalin maganin kwantar da hankali, kuna buƙatar kulawa da hankali a cikin yawan tasirin glucose. Bayan haka, ban da gudanar da aiki tare da wasu kwayoyi, sauran abubuwan zasu iya haifar da cutar rashin ƙarfi da ƙwaƙwalwa:
- zazzabin cizon sauro da amai;
- maye gurbin magani;
- haɓaka aiki na jiki;
- cututtukan da ke rage buƙatar ƙwayar ciki (ƙwayar koda da gazawar hanta, ƙwanƙwasawar ƙwayar thyroid, glandon gland, da dai sauransu);
- rashin abinci mai lalacewa;
- canjin yankin allura.
Sashi mara kyau ko dogon hutu tsakanin allurar insulin zai iya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban hyperglycemia, musamman tare da ciwon sukari na 1. Idan ba a daidaita farjin a cikin lokaci ba, to, wani lokacin majinyacin yakan haɓaka korar lafiyar ketoacidotic.
Bugu da ƙari, ana buƙatar canjin kashi idan mai haƙuri ya fi 65, yana da rauni yana aiki na glandar thyroid, koda da hanta. Hakanan wajibi ne don maganin hypopituitarism da cutar Addison.
Bugu da ƙari, marassa lafiya ya kamata su san cewa shirye-shiryen insulin ɗan adam yana rage haƙuri. A cikin matakan farko na maganin, yayin da ake sauya magani, yanayin damuwa, ƙarfi mai ƙarfi na jiki, ba lallai ba ne don fitar da mota da sauran hanyoyin da ke da haɗari ko shiga cikin ayyukan haɗari masu haɗari waɗanda ke buƙatar haɓakar taro da saurin halayen.
Marasa lafiya masu juna biyu ya kamata suyi la’akari da cewa a cikin farkon farkon bukatar insulin ya ragu, kuma a cikin 2 da 3 yana ƙaruwa. Hakanan, za'a iya buƙatar ƙaramin adadin hormone lokacin aiki.
Za'a tattauna abubuwan fasahar Isofan a cikin bidiyon a cikin wannan labarin.
