Ba kamar sauran cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta ba, ciwon sukari yana da dogon latent. Wani lokacin mace na tsawon shekaru ba ta lura da wata alama kuma ta koya game da matsalar kawai a alƙawarin likita, wanda ta juya don rikitarwa. Sakamakon rashin kula da ciwon sukari yana da wuyar magani. Shawo kan aikin koda, asarar hangen nesa - ba su da magani. Atherosclerosis da sauran cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki wanda cuta ta "zaki" za a iya kawar dashi kawai.
Za'a iya magance rikice-rikice ta hanya guda - ana iya gano ciwon sukari a cikin lokaci, hanyoyin warkewa na iya rage sukari zuwa al'ada kuma kiyaye shi a wannan matakin na rayuwa.
Bayyanar cututtuka da alamomin cutar sankara
Yawan mutane masu fama da ciwon sukari suna ƙaruwa kowace ƙarnin. Yanzu a cikin Russia akwai kusan marasa lafiya miliyan 4.5, 90% daga cikinsu suna da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, ko marasa insulin. Rabin masu ciwon sukari mata ne. Tun ƙarni da yawa, ana ganin cutar sukari cuta ce ta tsofaffi, amma a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata yanayin ya canza sosai. Asingara da yawa, ana gano cutar a cikin ƙananan mata ƙwararru masu ƙarancin motsa jiki da abinci mai kalori mai yawa.
Ciwon sukari da hauhawar jini zai zama abin da ya wuce
- Normalization na sukari -95%
- Cirewa kan jijiyoyin mara wuya - 70%
- Cire zuciyar mai karfin zuciya -90%
- Rabu da cutar hawan jini - 92%
- Increasearuwar kuzarin rana, inganta bacci da dare -97%
Nau'in cuta na 2 yana farawa a hankali. Yawan sukari na jini yana ƙaruwa shekaru, a hankali yana kusanto da lahani mai haɗari. Ciwon sukari baya faruwa nan da nan. Shekarun 5 na farko, yawanci bashi da alamu. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ta wannan lokacin zaka iya samun rikice-rikice na farko waɗanda sune sakamakon sukarin jini mai haɓaka da kullun.
Ta yaya ciwon sukari ke farawa:
- Da farko dai, juriyawar insulin ya bayyana. Wannan shine juriya daga sel zuwa aikin insulin - hormone wanda ke taimakawa glucose daga jini ya shiga cikin tsokoki. Sugar yana fara tarawa a cikin tasoshin, a wannan matakin ya fi tsayi a cikin jini bayan cin abinci. Binciken "Glucose a kan komai a ciki" har yanzu al'ada ne, alamun ciwon sukari a cikin mace basa nan ko kuma sun nuna rauni sosai.
- Kankana yana fara haɓaka samarwar insulin, yayin da insulin insulin yake ƙaruwa. Sakamakon haka, a farkon shekarun tare da ciwon sukari mellitus, matakin glucose da insulin a cikin jini ya karu, alamun farko na cutar sun bayyana. A wannan gaba, ana iya gano ciwon sukari ta amfani da gwajin sukari mai azumi na yau da kullun.
- A hankali, aikin insulin ya ragu, glucose na jini ya fara girma tare da ƙarfin motsawa. An bayyana alamun cutar da kyau.
Wani nau'in ciwon sukari na raren 1 shine cuta na yara. A cikin mata bayan 30, da wuya. Farkon wannan nau'in ciwon sukari yana da muni, alamomin suna bayyana nan da nan, halin rashin lafiyar yana taɓarɓarewa, kuma marasa lafiya suna buƙatar asibiti na gaggawa.
Alamomin cututtukan guda biyu iri daya ne:
- Mugu, busasshen mucous membranes da fata, kwantar da fata da karuwar fitar fitsari sune alamun farko na cutar, halin jikin mutum ya yawaita saboda yawan jini a ciki.
- Appara yawan ci. A farkon nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, wannan cakuda yana haɗuwa tare da karuwar nauyi mai nauyi. Nau'in 1 da fara nau'in 2 ana nuna shi ta hanyar asarar nauyi, duk da karuwar abinci mai gina jiki.
- Rage jiki, rage bacci, rashin kwanciyar hankali.
- Rage gani, bayyanar wani mayafi lokaci-lokaci a gaban idanu, tashiwa, tarkuna masu laushi sune alamomin kamuwa da cutar siga a cikin mata tare da yawan tasirin glucose a koda yaushe.
- Rashin juriya ga kamuwa da cuta. Yawancin lokaci mai saurin kamuwa da ƙwayar cuta ta huhu, ci gaba mai tsanani kuma tare da rikitarwa na kwayan cuta, gingivitis.
- Abubuwan jin daɗi da ba a ji a cikin gabobi - ƙanƙancewa, tingling, ƙwanƙwashin tsoka.
- Sharar fage daga cikin kayan jikin da ke sabunta fata. Dogon warkarwa, koda karamin lalacewa ne. Pustular rashes akan fuska, kirji, baya.
- Mutuwar ƙarshen cuta shine rauni da ƙanshi mai guba na fitsari saboda tara acetone a jiki.
- Alamar kamuwa da cutar sankarau a cikin mata shine raguwa a cikin jima'i kuma ana ta maimaituwa, rashin daidaitaccen yanayin warkewar cutar.
Babban abinda ke haifar da cutar sankarau a cikin mata
Abubuwan da ke haifar da nau'in 2 a cikin mata suna da kyau sanannu:
| Dalilai | Bayanin |
| Wuce kima | Indexididdigar taro na jiki don masu ciwon sukari a farkon cutar ya fi al'ada, sau da yawa fiye da 27. Alamomin waje shine ƙarar ciki, ƙarar ciki ya fi 80 cm (ko sakamakon rarrabu kugu a cikin ƙarar hip ya fi 0.8). Visceral kitse, wanda ya tara a kusa da gabobin, yafi rinjayar matakai na rayuwa. Itsarancin cinya da ke ƙarƙashin mahaifa, halayyar yawancin mata, ba su da haɗari. |
| Cutar tamowa | Ciwon sukari mellitus yana haifar da karancin fiber a cikin abincin (abinci mai cike da fiber), yawan sukari da aka gyara, abinci mai dacewa, da dankali. Babu ƙarancin cutarwa sune mashahurin kayan abinci tare da cikakken ficewa daga menu na kowane rukuni na samfuran. Misali, abinci mai narkewa a jiki, idan ba a nuna shi ba, yana kara hadarin kamuwa da ciwon sukari da kashi 13%. |
| Activityarancin aiki | Rashin wasanni. Motsa jiki, doguwar tafiya ba wuya. Alamar babban haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon sukari shine rashin ƙwayar tsoka. |
| Tsinkayar iyali | Hadarin kamuwa da rashin lafiya ya fi yawa a cikin matan da iyayensu ke da ciwon suga. |
| Cututtukan da ke haifar da juriya daga insulin | Polycystic ovary ba wai kawai yana lalata ikon yin juna biyu, amma kuma ya cutar da hanyoyin tafiyar matakai a cikin mata. |
| Cutar sankarar mahaifa (haɓaka sukari a lokacin daukar ciki) nan da nan ta shuɗe bayan haihuwa, amma tana iya dawowa azaman nau'in cuta ta 2 a tsakiyar da tsufa. | |
| Haihuwar babban yaro | Matan da suka haihuwar jariri wanda yawansu ya wuce kilogiram 4 sun fi saurin kamuwa da cutar siga. An kafa haɗin wannan alamar tare da ciwon sukari, amma ba a yi binciken ba tukuna. |
| Damuwa | Cutar sankarau a cikin mata masu fama da talauci na faruwa 20% sau da yawa fiye da sauran. |
| Aiwatarwa | Mata bayan shekara 40 suna aiki sama da awanni 45 a mako suna da kasadar 63% na ciwon suga fiye da matan da ke aiki awanni 35-40. A cikin maza, ba a samo wannan dangantakar ba. |
| Rashin shayarwa | HBV aƙalla watanni shida yana rage ciwon sukari da kashi 47% idan aka kwatanta da matan da basu shayar da nono ba. |
Matakan bincike
Idan baku dame tare da gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullun ba, za a gano cutar sankara a cikin matakai na gaba, tunda babu alamun halayen a farkon cutar, kuma alamu kaɗan na mace an danganta su da gajiya ko lokacin tsufa.
Yadda za a gane ciwon sukari:
- A lokacin gwajin likita na kyauta a cikin asibitin, wanda ke faruwa a kowace shekara 3, mata dole ne su ba da gudummawar jini don sukari. Wannan binciken daidai ne kuma yana ba ku damar bincikar cutar sankara yayin da sukari mai azumi ya fara girma. A halin yanzu, ana ɗaukar cutar ta tabbatar idan glucose mai azumi ya kasance sama da 7 a cikin sakamakon akalla gwaji biyu. Tsarin sukari shine 5.9, ga mata sama da 60 shekaru 6.4 >> Ka'idar sukari na jini ga mata bayan 60. Idan sakamakon ya kasance tsakanin ƙa'ida da 7, ana ɗauka wannan yanayin alama ce ta babban haɗarin ciwon sukari. Ba tare da magani ba, ciwon sukari na ci gaba cikin sauri, sukari yayi girma.
- Matsayi don gano cutar sankarar bargo, wanda ke yin biyayya ga hukumar ta WHO, bincike ne game da haemoglobin. Wannan bincike ana ɗauka mafi daidai, saboda yana ba ku damar gano hauhawar sukari na yau da kullun don watanni 3. Yayin binciken asibiti, ana ba da glycated haemoglobin idan sukari a kan komai a ciki ya fi na al'ada. Ana ɗaukar ƙa'idar aiki azaman sakamako ne ƙasa da 5.9; ciwon sukari - 6-6.4; ciwon sukari mellitus - daga 6.5.
- Ana iya gano matsalolin metabolism koda kafin alamun cutar sukari sun bayyana a cikin mata, kuma tun kafin glucose mai azumi ya fara ƙaruwa. Gwajin haƙuri da haƙuri yana da wannan. Ba a haɗa wannan gwajin a cikin jerin gwaje-gwaje na kyauta ba, amma ana iya yin shi a kowace dakin bincike na kasuwanci. Nazarin yana ɗaukar awanni 2, ana ɗaukar jini aƙalla sau 2: na farko akan komai a ciki, sannan bayan cin glucose. Matsayin sukari a cikin ma'auni na ƙarshe da ke ƙasa 7.8 yana nuna cewa metabolism metabolism shine al'ada, ciwon sukari ba ya nan. Sakamakon sama da 11.1 alama ce ta ciwon sukari, daga 7.8 zuwa 11 - ciwon suga.
Kula da cutar sukari a matakai daban-daban
Ko da maganin ciwan sukari mafi tsufa ba zai iya dakatar da ci gaban wannan cuta ba. Ayyukan ƙwayar ganyen zai yi ta raguwa da ƙarfi har sai an daina samar da insulin gabaɗaya. Don tsawaita aikin insulin zai iya taƙaita kwararawar glucose a cikin jini ta hanyar saka idanu akan abincin ku na yau da kullun. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa abinci shine babbar hanyar magance cutar sukari.
Ka'idojin abinci:
| Kalori abun ciki | Rage, makasudin shine rashi mai sauƙi a hankali. |
| Carbohydrates | Sharpuntataccen ƙuntatawa na carbohydrates mai sauƙi. Ana samo su a cikin adadi mai yawa ba kawai a cikin sukari ba, har ma a duk samfuran kayan kwalliya, zuma, dankali, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, kayan marmari, da wasu hatsi: shinkafa, semolina. Sweets na "Ciwon sukari" wanda ba a son shi, saboda suna hanzarta haɓakar ɗayan rikitarwa na ciwon sukari - hepatosis mai. |
| Fats | Rage amfani da kitsen dabbobi don hana canje-canje na cututtukan jini a cikin tasoshin. |
| Maƙale | An ba da izini ba tare da hanawa ba. |
| Fiber | Yawancin kayan lambu da aka ƙaramin kaɗan, yawancin kabeji da yawa. |
| Bitamin | Yana da kyau a ɗauki ƙari, saboda buƙatu a gare su a cikin mata masu ciwon sukari suna ƙaruwa. |
Don saurin haɓakar glucose da rage juriya na insulin, ana yaba wa mata masu fama da ciwon sukari suyi amfani da wasanni na tsawan minti 150 a mako. Idan wasanni da abubuwan rage cin abinci basu isa ba, daɗa magunguna. Magungunan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan da suka fi yawa sune Metformin da sulfonylureas.
Ana iya yin maganin Metformin koda a mataki na ciwon suga, tunda babban tasiri shine rage juriya na insulin. Shekarun farko don kiyaye sukari a cikin al'ada zai yiwu ne kawai tare da taimakon abinci, wasanni da Metformin.
Lokacin da samar da insulin ya fara raguwa (matsakaici na shekaru 5 daga farkon ciwon sukari), an ƙara sulfonylurea zuwa Metformin. Mafi mashahuri, ingantattun magunguna marasa lafiya sune Amaril da yawa analogues dangane da glimepiride, Diabeton da analogues tare da tsawaita aikin gliclazide.
Tashin hankali da sakamako
Wadanda suka fara cutar da cutar siga sune tasoshin mace. Labarin lumen su, ganuwar ta rasa ƙarfi, kayan aikin gaba ɗaya sun lalace. Sakamakon lalacewar cibiyar sadarwar jijiyoyin jiki, duk gabobin suna wahala, amma da farko idanu (retinopathy) da kodan (nephropathy). Hadarin cututtukan zuciya, bugun zuciya, thrombosis yana ƙaruwa sosai.
Bayan shekaru 50, ciwon sukari mellitus yana da mummunar rashin lafiyar premenopausal. Hadarin kamuwa da cututtukan farji ya kara yawaita, yanayin bacci, tashin hankali mai zafi yana ƙaruwa - ƙimar sukarin jini a cikin mata bayan shekara 50.
Cutar sankara tana da haɗari ga jijiyoyin mace. Polyneuropathy, encephalopathy, rage libido sune halaye na yau da kullum na yawan sukari. Rushewar samarda jini a hade tare da neuropathy yana haifar da rauni a cikin ƙananan ƙarshen waɗanda suke da wuyar magani kuma suna iya haifar da yankan yanki.
Yin rigakafin
Ba za a iya warkar da ciwon sukari ba, amma ana iya hana shi, har ma a matakin cutar suga. Tabbatattun matakan matakan kariya:
- Muscleara yawan ƙwayar tsoka.
- Rage nauyi. Tare da cutar sankarar bargo, an shawarci mata su rasa akalla 7% na nauyinsu na farko.
- Jirgin motsa jiki (rawa, gudu, iyo a saurin sauri da makamantansu) akalla rabin sa'a a rana.
- Metformin, idan babu contraindications.
